Deck 20: Viruses - Bacteria - and Archaea

Question 1

Once inside the human body, HIV primarily infects ____.

A) ​liver tissue
B) ​kidney tissue
C) ​red blood cells
D) ​white blood cells
E) ​brain tissue

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which prokaryote is described accurately?​

A) ​A coccus is corkscrew shaped.
B) ​An archaean is arch shaped.
C) ​A bacillus is rod shaped.
D) ​A spirillum is spherical.
E) ​A coccus is flattened.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Four of the following are viral diseases. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​herpes
B) ​measles
C) ​bubonic plague
D) ​hepatitis
E) ​chicken pox

Answer 3

C

Question 4

AIDS stands for ____.

A) ​Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
B) ​Accelerated Immune Death Syndrome
C) ​Accentuated Induced Deficiency Syndrome
D) ​Advantageous Immunity Deficiency Syndrome
E) ​Acquired Immuno Defense Syndrome

Question 5

Four of the following are involved in the reproduction of all viruses. Which one is not?​

A) ​attachment and penetration
B) ​replication and synthesis
C) ​assembly
D) ​latency
E) ​release

Question 6

What feature is LEAST characteristic of a virus?​

A) ​contains DNA or RNA genetic material
B) ​contains cytoplasm and ribosomes
C) ​has a protein coat
D) ​can only replicate inside a living host cell
E) ​is very small

Question 7

Viroids are constructed primarily of ____.

A) ​lipids
B) ​DNA
C) ​protein coats
D) ​RNA
E) ​bacteriophages

Question 8

Herpes and other enveloped viruses enter their host cells ____.

A) ​through pores
B) ​by dissolving the host plasma membrane
C) ​by fusion of the viral membrane with the cell's plasma membrane
D) ​by activating transport proteins in the host cell's plasma membrane
E) ​by engulfing the host cell

Question 9

Of all organisms, prokaryotes are the ____.

A) ​smallest
B) ​least abundant
C) ​least metabolically diverse
D) ​least widespread
E) ​least evolved

Question 10

In what way does prokaryotic fission resemble eukaryotic mitosis?​

A) ​mechanism of chromosome movement
B) ​production of genetically identical descendant cells
C) ​chromosome attachment
D) ​production of a cytoskeletal framework for separating chromosomes
E) ​horizontal gene transfers

Question 11

What component is located on the exterior surface of a prokaryote?

A) ​flagellum
B) ​cytoplasm
C) ​plasma membrane
D) ​DNA
E) ​nucleoid

Question 12

Which of the following lack a nucleus and are structurally simple?​

A) ​eukaryotes
B) ​prokaryotes
C) ​fungi
D) ​algae
E) ​protists

Question 13

Sequencing of the HIV-1 genome revealed that it is most closely related to ____.

A) ​simian immunodeficiency virus
B) ​feline immunodeficiency virus
C) ​bovine immunodeficiency virus
D) ​hepatitis B
E) ​H1N1

Question 14

Four of the following are characteristics of an adenovirus. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​is a naked virus
B) ​is the most common cause of the common cold
C) ​has a spiked protein coat
D) ​infects animals
E) ​has a lipid envelope

Question 15

Four of the following characterize most prokaryotes. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​lack of a nucleus
B) ​a single circular chromosome
C) ​cell wall
D) ​complex internal membranes
E) ​great metabolic diversity

Question 16

Pili may do four of the following. Which is the exception?

A) ​They help cells attach to surfaces.
B) ​They function in conjugation.
C) ​They extend from the cell surface.
D) ​They can be transferred between cells.
E) ​They function in cell locomotion.

Question 17

Four of the following are true of herpes simplex 1. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​It is a DNA virus.
B) ​It has a latent phase in its replication cycle.
C) ​It can remain latent in nerve cells for years.
D) ​Activation of the latent virus causes cold sores.
E) ​Once activated it causes a form of skin cancer.

Question 18

Archaea reproduce primarily through ____.

A) ​fusion
B) ​binary fission
C) ​sex
D) ​meiosis
E) ​cell joining

Question 19

Four of the following are characteristics of viruses. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​The outer coats of all viruses are alike.
B) ​The virus contains either DNA or RNA at its core, but not both.
C) ​Viruses infect organisms in all three domains of life.
D) ​Most viruses have a protein coat or covering.
E) ​Some viruses benefit us indirectly.

Question 20

Retroviruses are characterized by ____.

A) ​RNA that is used as a template to produce DNA in a host cell
B) ​integrating RNA into the host's chromosome
C) ​the enzyme alkaline phosphatase
D) ​having one strain that causes H1N1
E) ​the lack of a protein coat

Question 21

Which prokaryotic nutritional group uses CO₂ and inorganic substances to produce energy?

A) ​photoautotrophs
B) ​chemoautotrophs
C) ​photoheterotrophs
D) ​chemoheterotrophs
E) ​methanoheterotrophs

Question 22

A virus infects a host cell and takes over the host's mechanisms of replication and __________ synthesis.

Question 23

Which prokaryotic nutritional groups uses CO₂ and sunlight to produce energy?​

A) ​photoautotrophs
B) ​chemoautotrophs
C) ​photoheterotrophs
D) ​chemoheterotrophs
E) ​methanoheterotrophs

Question 24

Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-sensitive pigment found in ____ archaeans used to supply energy for ____ production.

A) ​halophilic; ATP
B) ​thermophilic; carbohydrate
C) ​methanogenic; methane
D) ​halophilic; carbohydrate
E) ​thermophilic; ATP

Question 25

Plasmids CANNOT ____.

A) ​self-replicate
B) ​betransferred between bacteria.
C) ​encode proteins.
D) ​be produced by eukaryotes.
E) ​carry genes separate from the bacterial chromosome.

Question 26

The methanogenic archaeans are ____ that pull electrons from ____.

A) ​chemoautotrophs; oxygen
B) ​chemoheterotrophs; carbon dioxide
C) ​chemoautotrophs; water
D) ​chemoheterotrophs; methane
E) ​chemoautotrophs; hydrogen gas

Question 27

Peptidoglycan is a compound in ____.

A) ​bacterial flagella
B) ​bacterial cell walls
C) ​archaean cell walls
D) ​archaean flagella
E) ​eukaryote cell walls

Question 28

The methanogenic archaeans are ____.

A) ​aerobes
B) ​facultative anaerobes
C) ​strict aerobes
D) ​facultative anaerobes
E) ​strict anaerobes

Question 29

A(n) __________ is a virus that infects only bacteria.

Question 30

A(n) __________ is a noncellular infectious particle with a protein coat enclosing DNA or RNA.

Question 31

Which intracellular parasite causes sexually transmitted disease?

A) ​Chlamydia
B) ​Cyanobacteria
C) ​Clostridium
D) ​Chondromyces
E) ​Thiomargarita

Question 32

Gram-positive bacteria have ____ and appear ____ under the microscope after Gram staining.

A) ​thick cell walls; pink
B) ​thick cell walls; purple
C) ​thin cell walls; pink
D) ​thin cell walls; purple
E) ​thin cell walls; blue

Question 33

____ is a dangerous bacteria that infects wounds.

A) ​Clostridium botulinum
B) ​Clostridium tetani
C) ​Bacillus anthracis
D) ​Heliobacter pylor
E) Thermus aquaticus

Question 34

Most species of Gram-positive bacteria are ____.

A) ​photoautotrophic
B) ​photoheterotrophic
C) ​chemoautotrophic
D) ​chemoheterotrophic
E) ​photochemoautotrophic

Question 35

How do archaeans and bacteria differ?

A) ​size
B) ​shape
C) ​plasma membrane composition
D) ​absence of a nucleus
E) ​mode of cellular division

Question 36

Cyanobacteria ____.

A) ​are heterotrophs
B) ​have evolved from ancient chloroplasts
C) ​cannotfix carbon
D) ​cannotfix nitrogen
E) ​produce ammonia from gaseous nitrogen

Question 37

Which statement is LEAST characteristic of proteobacteria?​

A) ​They live only inside plants.
B) ​Some are photoautotrophs.
C) ​Some are chemoautotrophs.
D) ​Some are chemoheterotrophs.
E) ​They are the most diverse group of bacteria.

Question 38

In which of the following ways are archaea similar to eukaryotic cells?

A) ​size
B) ​shape
C) ​presence of histones
D) ​DNA polymerases
E) ​presence of operons

Question 39

Which characteristic is LEAST accurate about endospores?​

A) ​They can be destroyed with boiling water.
B) ​They are resistant to acids.
C) ​They can withstand irradiation.
D) ​They can remain viable for millions of years.
E) ​They can withstand drying out.

Question 40

Which prokaryotic nutritional group use organic substances for carbon and photons for energy?​

A) ​photoautotrophs
B) ​chemoautotrophs
C) ​photoheterotrophs
D) ​chemoheterotrophs
E) ​methanoheterotrophs

Question 41

How do archaea differ from bacteria?

Question 42

__________ or __________ extend from many prokaryotic cells and serve in attachment and motility.

Question 43

Archaeans include three main groups methanogens (methane producers), extreme __________ (salt lovers), and extreme __________ (heat lovers).

Question 44

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.​halophiles
b.​cyanobacteria
c.​thermophiles
d.​proteobacteria
e.​methanogens
These produce CH₄.

Question 45

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.​halophiles
b.​cyanobacteria
c.​thermophiles
d.​proteobacteria
e.​methanogens
These bacteria live in temperatures that are not usually conducive to life.

Question 46

How does the lysogenic pathway differ from the lytic pathway?

Question 47

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.​halophiles
b.​cyanobacteria
c.​thermophiles
d.​proteobacteria
e.​methanogens
The only bacteria that uses the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway.

Question 48

Why are viruses not considered to be alive?

Question 49

Bacteriophages may reproduce using a(n) __________ pathway in which viral DNA becomes part of the host chromosome.

Question 50

Some viruses cause disease; they act as __________ in humans.

Question 51

Why are endospores so dangerous to food production?

Question 52

The three types of horizontal gene flow that occur in bacteria are __________, __________, and __________.

Question 53

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.​halophiles
b.​cyanobacteria
c.​thermophiles
d.​proteobacteria
e.​methanogens
These are the most diverse monophyletic group of bacteria.

Question 54

Answer the following questions using the five groups listed below:
a.​halophiles
b.​cyanobacteria
c.​thermophiles
d.​proteobacteria
e.​methanogens
These bacteria can live in water of very high salt concentration.

Question 55

The __________ is a circular molecule of DNA that resides in a region of cytoplasm called the __________.

Question 56

Bacteriophages may multiply by a(n) __________ pathway in which the new viral particles are made quickly and released by lysis.