Deck 23: Fungi

Question 1

The only group of fungi to have a flagellated stage is the ____.

A) ​Chytrids
B) ​Ascomycetes
C) ​Basidiomycetes
D) ​Glomeromycetes
E) ​Zygomycetes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Aspergillus and Penicillium are similar in that both ____.

A) ​produce antibiotics
B) ​reproduce sexually using an ascus
C) ​are club fungi
D) ​parasitize human mucous membranes
E) ​lack known sexual stages

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The cell walls of fungi are composed mainly of ____.

A) ​Cellulose
B) ​Lignin
C) ​Chitin
D) ​Pectin
E) ​protein

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The life cycle of a zygomycete differs markedly from that of animals because in this fungus, ____.

A) ​a sexual stage is absent
B) ​mitosis occurs in the haploid growth stage
C) ​there is no fusion of nuclei
D) ​mitosis occurs to produce the haploid reproductive cells
E) ​a diploid stage is absent

Question 5

In the photograph of the zygote fungus Pilobolus, what are the dark "hats" atop of the structures?

A) ​hypha
B) ​gametangium
C) ​zygote
D) ​sporangium
E) ​nucleus

Question 6

The club fungi are members of which of the following?​

A) ascomycetes
B) ​basidiomycetes
C) ​glomeromycetes
D) ​chytrids
E) ​zygomycetes

Question 7

Figure 23.6
​

Refer to the acocmpanying figure for questions
The structure labeled "4" in the figure is a(n) ____.

A) ​asexual spore
B) ​haploid spore
C) ​zygospore
D) ​gamete
E) ​spore sac

Question 8

A ____ is formed as the direct result of cytoplasmic fusion in basidiomycetes and ascomycetes.

A) ​dikaryotic cell
B) ​Zygote
C) ​Gamete
D) ​Spore
E) ​Mushroom

Question 9

The accompanying figure is of one of the most poisonous mushrooms. Four of the following statements about this fungus are true. Which is the exception?

A) ​Its spores are created by mitosis.
B) ​It is called the death cap.
C) ​It is often mistaken for a puffball.
D) ​It kills by causing liver and kidney failure.
E) ​It is a club fungus.

Question 10

Mushrooms are an example of ____ fungI.

A) ​Ascomycete
B) ​Basidiomycete
C) ​Glomeromycete
D) ​chytrid
E) ​zygomycete

Question 11

The ____ are a group of parasitic fungi that are killing amphibians around the world.

A) ​Chytrids
B) ​ascomycetes
C) ​basidiomycetes
D) ​glomeromycetes
E) ​Zygomycetes

Question 12

All fungi ____.

A) ​are saprobes
B) ​digest food extracellularly
C) ​are parasites
D) ​digest food intracellularly
E) ​can ingest food particles

Question 13

How is Puccinia graminis primarily transported to new regions of the world?​

A) ​infected livestock
B) ​humanitarian aid distribution
C) ​wind
D) ​flooding
E) ​infected seed stock

Question 14

Most true fungi send out cellular filaments called ____.

A) ​mycelia
B) ​hyphae
C) ​mycorrhizae
D) ​stolons
E) ​rhizoids

Question 15

Yeasts are members of which of the following?

A) ascomycetes
B) basidiomycetes
C) glomeromycetes
D) chytrids
E) zygomycetes

Question 16

Figure 23.6
​

Refer to the acocmpanying figure for questions
The accompanying figure illustrates a portion of the life cycle of a(n) ____.

A) ​Zygomycete
B) ​ascomycete
C) ​basidiomycete
D) ​glomeromycete
E) ​lichen

Question 17

Figure 23.3

Which statement best describes the value of fungi in the environment?

A) ​Fungi "fix" nitrogen from the air for use by plants.
B) ​Fungi trap sunlight energy in the form of carbohydrates.
C) ​Fungi release elements from organic matter.
D) ​Fungi enrich the soil by decreasing the rate of decay of organic matter.
E) ​Fungi remove toxic metals from the soil.

Question 18

The ____ are a group of fungi with hyphae that grow inside the wall of plant root cells.

A) ​ascomycetes
B) ​zygomycetes
C) ​microsporidia
D) ​basidiomycetes
E) ​glomeromycetes

Question 19

The fungus Puccinia graminis causes the disease ____.

A) ​powdery mildew
B) ​wilt
C) ​wheat blight
D) ​wheat stem rust
E) ​flame spot

Question 20

Figure 23.3

Refer to the accompanying figure. What fungal structure is comprised of a mass of threadlike strands of cells, attached one to the other?

A) ​mycelium
B) ​protistans
C) ​mycorrhizae
D) ​stolons
E) ​rhizoids

Question 21

The structure that people typically refer to as a "mushroom" is technically called the ____.

A) ​Basidiocarp
B) ​Mycelium
C) ​Ascocarp
D) ​hyphal mass
E) ​Zygospore

Question 22

The structures labeled "5" in the figure are ____.

A) ​Zygospores
B) ​haploid spores
C) ​Ascospores
D) ​Gametes
E) ​Zygotes

Question 23

Four of the following statements correctly describe lichens. Which statement is the exception?​

A) ​They inhabit harsh environments.
B) ​They contain a club fungus.
C) ​They may have proceeded the evolution of land plants.
D) ​They may be a mutualism between and alga and a fungus.
E) ​They can contain cyanobacteria.

Question 24

Which factor is the most important algal contribution to the fungal component of a lichen?​

A) ​improved water conservation
B) ​mechanical protection
C) ​photosynthetically derived food
D) ​conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrates
E) ​pigment for camouflage

Question 25

The accompanying figure illustrates the life cycle of a(n) ____.

A) ​Zygomycete
B) ​Ascomycete
C) ​Basidiomycete
D) ​Glomeromycete
E) ​Lichen

Question 26

A dikaryotic cell ____.

A) ​is a spore
B) ​results from nuclear fusion
C) ​forms from two hyphae
D) ​becomes a zygote
E) ​becomes a gamete

Question 27

In humans, fungi are most likely to infect ____.

A) ​Skin
B) ​Blood
C) ​Bone
D) ​Muscle
E) ​connective tissue

Question 28

In club fungi, each club-shaped cell initially ____.

A) ​is a spore
B) ​is a zygote
C) ​contains a single nucleus
D) ​is dikaryotic
E) ​undergoes mitosis to produce spores

Question 29

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.​
a.​Zygomycetes
b.​Ascomycetes
c.​Basidiomycetes
d.​Glomeromycetes
The yeast used in the fermentation of grape juice to produce the wines of the world is a member of this group.

Question 30

Four of the following are fungal diseases. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​Candida infections
B) ​Ringworm
C) ​athlete's foot
D) ​vaginal yeast infection
E) ​Tuberculosis

Question 31

Four of the following are associated with mushrooms. Which one is the exception?

A) ​Gills
B) ​dikaryotic hyphae
C) ​nuclear fusion
D) ​Meiosis
E) ​flagellated spores

Question 32

Four of the following statements about mycorrhizae are true. Which one is the exception?​

A) ​They benefit plant growth.
B) ​They are an example of mutualism.
C) ​They provide nutrients to their plant partner through photosynthesis.
D) ​They increase the root surface area for absorption.
E) ​They receive sugars from their plant partners.

Question 33

Lichens are formed by a symbiotic relationship between a ____ and ____.

A) ​club fungus; green algae
B) ​club fungus; cyanobacteria
C) ​sac fungus; green algae
D) ​zygote fungus; cyanobacteria
E) ​zygote fungus; green algae

Question 34

White Nose Syndrome is a fungal disease that affects ____.

A) ​Humans
B) ​Amphibians
C) ​Dogs
D) ​Cats
E) ​Bats

Question 35

The fungus Armillaria causes ____ in plants.

A) ​leaf blight
B) ​root rot
C) ​Wilt
D) ​leaf rolling
E) ​Yellowing

Question 36

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.​
a.​Zygomycetes
b.​Ascomycetes
c.​Basidiomycetes
d.​Glomeromycetes
Penicillium, the source of antibiotics, is a member of this group.

Question 37

Figure 23.16A​

Four of the following statements are true of the organism depicted in the figure above. Which one is the exception?

A) ​It represents a symbiotic relationship.
B) ​It contains two different organisms.
C) ​It decreases the absorptive surface of the partner.
D) ​It can live in harsh climates.
E) ​It can break down the bedrock it colonizes.

Question 38

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.​
a.​Zygomycetes
b.​Ascomycetes
c.​Basidiomycetes
d.​Glomeromycetes
The common mushroom bought in the average supermarket is a member of this group.

Question 39

Figure 23.16A​

Mycorrhizae are ____.

A) ​the small roots in the root systems of trees
B) ​endosymbiotic bacteria associated with plant roots
C) ​fungus and root mutualistic associations
D) ​parasitic fungal infections of tree roots
E) ​endosymbiotic fungal cells associated with leaves

Question 40

The structure labeled "2" in the figure is a(n) ____.

A) mycelium
B) ​zygote
C) ​ascus
D) ​gill from the underside of a mushroom
E) ​spore sac

Question 41

__________ are an ancient fungal group and the only fungi with flagellated spores and gametes.

Question 42

What is the danger of Ug99 to global food production?

Question 43

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.​
a.​Zygomycetes
b.​Ascomycetes
c.​Basidiomycetes
d.​Glomeromycetes
The common black bread mold is a member of this group.

Question 44

All fungi are __________ that secrete digestive enzymes on organic matter and absorb released nutrients.

Question 45

Why is it very dangerous to eat wild mushrooms without proper training?

Question 46

In multicellular species, fungal spores germinate and give rise to filaments called __________.

Question 47

Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.​
a.​Zygomycetes
b.​Ascomycetes
c.​Basidiomycetes
d.​Glomeromycetes
The delicious, highly-prized truffle is a member of this group.

Question 48

What sort of symbiosis would a mycorrhiza represent?

Question 49

The filaments typically grow as an extensive mesh called a(n) __________.

Question 50

A(n) __________ (fungus-root) is a symbiotic interaction between a fungus and a plant.

Question 51

__________ fungi include common molds.

Question 52

You have discovered a fungus that has septate hyphae and is partnered with a photosynthetic cell. What type of fungus is it, and how do you know this?