Deck 31: Potential Perioperative Complications

Question 1

Which of the following is a cause of anemia?

A)Blood transfusion
B)Fever
C)Hyperthermia
D)Abnormal blood cells produced by bone marrow

Answer 1

D
Abnormal blood cells produced by the bone marrow,bleeding,dietary deficiency,diseases,drugs,overactive reticuloendothelial system in the spleen or liver,or incompatible blood transfusion can cause anemia.

Question 2

Which drug is used for short-term treatment of refractory heart failure?

A)Epinephrine
B)Furosemide
C)Dobutamine
D)Calcium salts

Answer 2

C
Dobutamine,a relative of dopamine,increases myocardial contractility but produces little systemic arterial constriction.It is incompatible with alkaline solutions.

Question 3

Which is the universal donor blood type?

A)Type AB-positive
B)Type Rh
C)Type O-negative
D)Type B- negative

Answer 3

C
O-negative blood is referred to as the universal donor blood and may be given to a patient until the blood is typed and crossmatched or until compatible blood can be obtained.

Question 4

What is the term for partial or complete closure of the vocal cords as a reflex action?

A)Bronchospasm
B)Laryngospasm
C)Aspiration
D)Pneumonia

Question 5

Which is a precursor to a pulmonary embolism?

A)Elevated white blood cell count
B)Deep breathing exercises
C)A long surgical procedure
D)Normothermia

Question 6

What may develop postoperatively if a patient cannot mobilize their secretions?

A)Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
B)Tuberculosis
C)COPD
D)Extreme pain

Question 7

What can occur because of infusion of cold IV fluids?

A)Air embolism
B)Hypertension
C)Venous stasis
D)Venospasm

Question 8

How does the body compensate for mild hypoxia?

A)Decreased heart rate and increased respiratory rate
B)Increased heart rate and increased respiratory rate
C)Decreased heart rate and decreased respiratory rate
D)Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure

Question 9

Which is a treatment used to reverse hypotension?

A)Increased use of anesthetics
B)Elevation of legs
C)Increased positive airway pressure
D)Beta-blocker drugs

Question 10

What type of autotransfusion system for blood collection collects the blood and then anticoagulates it before transfusion?

A)Automated cell salvage processor
B)Chest tube collection system
C)IVF collection bag
D)Jackson-Pratt reservoir

Question 11

Which antidysrhythmic drug is used to suppress the PVCs and recurrent tachycardia?

A)Adenosine
B)Bretylium
C)Atropine
D)Lidocaine

Question 12

Which is an intraoperative factor that can increase a patient's risk of developing a respiratory complication?

A)Type of preoperative medication
B)Blood type
C)ASA classification
D)Braden score

Question 13

Which is a cause or trigger of malignant hyperthermia (MH)?

A)Excessive heat in the OR suite
B)Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
C)Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants
D)Unexplained preoperative fever

Question 14

Why is potassium an important electrolyte?

A)It prevents muscle twitching.
B)It needs to be in the extracellular fluid.
C)It is essential for electrochemical reactions.
D)It is nutritionally needed.

Question 15

What drug plays an important part in restoring circulation in asystole?

A)Dobutrex
B)Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
C)Lidocaine
D)Verapamil

Question 16

Which is an example of vasodilator drugs?

A)Verapamil and propranolol
B)Atropine and Ditropan
C)Nipride and nitroglycerin
D)Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 17

What type of shock is a result of increased capillary permeability with loss of blood volume into the tissues?

A)Vasogenic shock
B)Neurogenic shock
C)Hypovolemic shock
D)Traumatic shock

Question 18

What disturbance is characterized by dry skin,dry mucous membranes,low blood pressure,and deep rapid respirations?

A)Hypovolemia
B)Hypervolemia
C)Radiation enteritis
D)Oliguria

Question 19

What is the term for abnormal accumulation of water in extravascular portions of the lungs?

A)Atelectasis
B)Intercostal muscle spasm
C)Pneumothorax
D)Pulmonary edema

Question 20

What are some predisposing factors for deep vein thrombosis?

A)Diabetes
B)Female
C)Obesity
D)Asthma

Question 21

Which is a symptom of cardiac arrest?

A)Tachycardia
B)Reactive pupils
C)Warm skin
D)Absence of bleeding in surgical field

Question 22

While a patient is under general anesthesia,it is a good practice to keep the patient's eyes open to prevent a corneal tear or abrasion.

Question 23

What is the cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

A)Volume overload
B)Blood volume depletion
C)Hypercapnia
D)Derangement of clotting factors

Question 24

Which is a way to cool a patient's body during a malignant hyperthermia (MH)crisis?

A)Pour frozen distilled water into surgical wound.
B)Decrease temperature of OR suite.
C)Administer iced normal saline intravenously.
D)Lavage the bladder with cooled fluids.

Question 25

Which is a way to prevent hypothermia in the OR environment?

A)Encourage patients to eat hot and spicy food the day before surgery.
B)Place UV lamps over patients in the preoperative holding area.
C)Encourage the patient to wear a coat and cold weather items such as hats and gloves while in the preoperative area.
D)Apply warmed blankets to patients as they arrive in the OR.

Question 26

Antiembolic stockings,with or without a sequential pneumatic compression device are placed on the patient's legs to prevent venous stasis.

Question 27

Which is an anticoagulant given to patients?

A)Warfarin
B)Vitamin K
C)Vitamin D
D)Protamine sulfate

Question 28

Which is considered the most serious cardiac dysrhythmia?

A)Ventricular tachycardia
B)Atrial fibrillation
C)Atrial flutter
D)Bundle branch block

Question 29

Estimation of blood loss is most accurately done by looking at the contents in the suction container.

Question 30

Which is an example of iatrogenic injury that can occur in the OR setting?

A)Allergic reaction to penicillin
B)Malignant hyperthermia
C)Elevated blood potassium level
D)Hyperabduction of arm on armboard

Question 31

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease.

Question 32

What is the recommended IV dose of dantrolene to be given in a malignant hyperthermia (MH)crisis?

A)1 mg/kg every minute until temperature is within normal limits
B)2 to 3 mg/kg in an initial IV bolus and repeat every 5 to 10 minutes
C)10 mg/kg initially and every 5 minutes until muscles relax
D)10 to 20 mg/kg every 5 minutes until temperature stabilizes

Question 33

If Avitene has been used for hemostasis during a surgical procedure,the blood collected from the wound cannot be used for autotransfusion.

Question 34

A neurogenic shock involves the loss of tone in the peripheral blood vessels.

Question 35

Shock can occur in the OR because of loss of heat and temperature during a surgical procedure.

Question 36

Cricoid pressure is used during endotracheal tube placement to close off the esophagus to prevent reflux and aspiration for trauma patients.

Question 37

Allogeneic blood is a patient's own blood and requires no typing or crossmatching.

Question 38

During a cardiac arrest in the OR,the scrub person must always remain sterile.

Question 39

Which vitamin is necessary in the clotting process?

A)Vitamin K
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin E

Question 40

What group of people may benefit from the use of Fluorovent?

A)Patients diagnosed with HIV or prostate cancer
B)Patients with diabetes
C)Infants with underdeveloped lungs
D)Patients with hypovolemic shock