Deck 43: Cardiac Surgery

Question 1

What cardiac dysrhythmia is associated with stroke causing a thromboembolism in a patient with cardiac valvular disease?

A)Atrial fibrillation
B)Enlarged aortic arch
C)Median sternotomy
D)Post-pump psychosis

Answer 1

A
Atrial fibrillation (AF)is one of the most common cardiac dysrhythmias.Following cardiac surgery,about 30% of patients will convert to this rhythm.Patients with AF are at very high risk of stroke caused by an embolus,congested heart failure,cardiomyopathy,and death.

Question 2

Which type of valve consists of the pulmonary valve and aortic valve?

A)Atrioventricular
B)Tricuspid
C)Mitral
D)Semilunar

Answer 2

D
The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow from the heart chambers to the great vessels.Two types of semilunar valves include the pulmonary and aortic valves.

Question 3

What describes the use of solution delivered through a catheter during cardiac surgery?

A)MRI
B)Defibrillator
C)Argon beam coagulator
D)Cardioplegia

Answer 3

D
Cardioplegia uses special solutions with other techniques to perfuse fluid into the coronary circulation.

Question 4

What procedure uses grafting to bypass obstructed vessels in the heart?

A)Median sternotomy
B)Anterolateral thoracotomy
C)Mitral valve replacement
D)Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Question 5

Which type of procedure assists in controlling a cardiac dysrhythmia by making many small incisions within the atria?

A)Maze procedure
B)Cryoablation
C)Dor procedure
D)Endocardial decannulation

Question 6

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Repair of dilation of the ventricular wall

Question 7

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Cold treatment to treat dysrhythmias

Question 8

Which is a benefit of hypothermia during an intracardiac or coronary artery procedure?

A)Increased need for oxygen
B)Decreased surgical operating costs
C)Increased cellular metabolism
D)Decreased systemic metabolic needs

Question 9

What type of procedure uses fluoroscopy,a sterile catheter,and percutaneous entry into a vessel?

A)Cineflourogram
B)Transsternal bilateral thoracotomy
C)Cardiac catheterization
D)Antegrade infusion

Question 10

The most common complication after cardiac surgery is stroke.

Question 11

Which type of cardiac procedure delivers electrical impulses to correct atrial or ventricular dysrhythmias?

A)Coronary artery bypass graft case using CPB
B)Cardiac pacemaker
C)Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft
D)Stent placement

Question 12

Elevated levels of potassium help protect the heart and assist in improved cardiac function.

Question 13

Where does the impulse for cardiac contraction originate?

A)Superior vena cava
B)Inferior vena cava
C)Sinoatrial (SA) node
D)Vagus nerve

Question 14

Which autologous vessel has the best long-term patency rate when used as a graft in a coronary artery bypass graft procedure?

A)Saphenous vein
B)Radial artery
C)Internal mammary artery (IMA)
D)Popliteal vein

Question 15

Which is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to assess the cardiovascular or circulatory system?

A)Chest radiograph
B)Angiography
C)Pulmonary function test
D)Stress test

Question 16

Which type of valve procedure uses an annuloplasty ring to improve the valve function?

A)Valve replacement
B)Cryoablation
C)Valvuloplasty procedure
D)Dor procedure

Question 17

Which type of procedure involves the balloon dilation of the coronary arteries to open and increase blood flow?

A)Coronary artery endarterectomy
B)Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
C)Intracoronary stent placement
D)Modified endoventricular circular patch plasty

Question 18

What component of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)machine regulates body temperature?

A)Pump
B)Oxygenator
C)Heat exchanger
D)Perfusion fluid

Question 19

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Resuscitative oxygenation in cardiopulmonary failure

Question 20

A patient with a pacemaker should not have a procedure that uses an electrosurgical unit (ESU).

Question 21

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Vaporizes plaque or thrombus

Question 22

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Provides structural support for coronary arteries

Question 23

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Assists ventricular function

Question 24

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Treatment for end-stage myocardial disease

Question 25

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Removal of plaque from the arterial wall

Question 26

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Rapid heartbeat

Question 27

Match each procedure with its definition.
a.Endarterectomy
b.Laser angioplasty
c.Intraaortic balloon pump
d.Intracoronary stent
e.Extracorporeal oxygenation
f.Cryoablation
g.Ventricular aneurysmectomy
h.Tachycardia
i.Transmyocardial revascularization
j.Cardiac transplantation
Revascularizes the myocardium