Deck 24: Anesthesia: Techniques and Agents

Question 1

Which is a drug used to produce hypotension?

A)Nitroglycerin
B)Lactated Ringer's solution
C)Epinephrine
D)Vasopressin

Answer 1

A
Nitroglycerin,a vasodilator,directly dilates capacitance vessels.It dilates both arterial and venous beds,leaving arterial pressures reduced.

Question 2

Which is an inhalation agent that is most commonly used?

A)Propofol
B)Isoflurane (Forane)
C)Ketamine
D)Desflurane

Answer 2

B
Isoflurane comes closer to an ideal inhalation agent and is most commonly used.It is nonflammable,potent,and protects the heart.

Question 3

Which is an indicator of a difficult airway?

A)A mobile cervical spine
B)Long neck
C)Enlarged tongue
D)Enlarged nares

Answer 3

C
Some indicators include a short neck,immobility of the cervical spine,enlarged tongue,chin or jaw deformities,or previous tracheostomy scar.

Question 4

Which drug reverses the action of a muscle relaxant?

A)Succinylcholine
B)Pavulon
C)Prostigmin
D)Nimbex

Question 5

Which is an advantage of endotracheal administration of general anesthetics?

A)Protects the teeth from trauma
B)Ensures a patent airway
C)No incidence of sore throat
D)Decreased work for anesthesia provider

Question 6

Which type of sedation is done with no interventions required to maintain a patent airway?

A)Moderate sedation
B)General anesthesia
C)Deep sedation
D)Spinal anesthesia

Question 7

Which is a common indicator for an "awake intubation"?

A)Large mouth
B)Absent tonsils
C)Dentures
D)Enlarged tongue

Question 8

What is the definition of controlled respiration?

A)Tell the patient when to breath
B)Using the bag method
C)Completely controlled rate and volume of respirations
D)Movement of gas in and out of the lungs

Question 9

What feature of the anesthesia machine controls the amount of exhaled anesthesia gases vented into the OR?

A)Oxygen analyzer
B)Scavenger system
C)Dosimeter
D)Flowmeter

Question 10

What type of anesthesia causes the spinal ganglia to be desensitized and diffused into the cerebrospinal fluid?

A)Epidural
B)Local
C)Regional
D)Spinal

Question 11

An ideal anesthetic agent should

A)provide no amnesia.
B)have a slow onset and easy reversibility.
C)provide analgesia that ends at the end of the procedure.
D)produce minimum side effects.

Question 12

Which drug is used to reverse the effects of narcotics given during a surgical procedure?

A)Sublimaze
B)Narcan
C)Sufenta
D)Romazicon

Question 13

Which is an example of a diagnostic or therapeutic nerve block?

A)Paravertebral lumbar block
B)Intercostal block
C)Bier block
D)Interscalene block

Question 14

Which anesthetic agent is contraindicated in pregnancy and laparoscopy?

A)Propofol
B)Ketamine
C)Thiopental
D)Nitrous oxide

Question 15

Which drug is four times as potent as lidocaine?

A)Marcaine
B)Bupivacaine
C)Sensorcaine
D)All of the above

Question 16

What type of inhalation system allows for some exhaled gas to pass into surrounding air but some returns to the inspiratory part of the circuit for rebreathing?

A)Closed system
B)Semi-open system
C)Open system
D)Semi-closed system

Question 17

What maneuver is done at the beginning of intubation to prevent aspiration?

A)Hyperventilation
B)Cricoid pressure
C)Extubation
D)Masseter muscle rigidity

Question 18

Which system can monitor the effects of anesthesia on the brain during a procedure?

A)DTS
B)IMV
C)BIS
D)GPS

Question 19

Which is an inhalation agent that is administered via facemask for a comfortable,rapid induction?

A)Desflurane
B)Nitrous oxide
C)Thiopental sodium
D)Propofol

Question 20

For what reason are neuromuscular blockers given?

A)Make the patient stay still
B)Smoother endotracheal intubation
C)Skeletal muscle relaxant
D)All of the above

Question 21

For what type of procedure is hypothermia used?

A)Hernia procedure
B)Intubation
C)Wake up a patient quicker
D)Transplantation of organs

Question 22

Anesthesiology is the branch of medicine and nursing that is concerned with the administration of medication or anesthetic agents to relieve pain and support physiologic functions during a surgical procedure.

Question 23

Which is a method used to prevent "rewarming shock"?

A)Quickly induced vasodilation
B)Hypervolemia
C)Immediate blood transfusion
D)Adequate oxygenation

Question 24

Which term describes a method of anesthesia production or neuroleptanesthesia?

A)Balanced
B)Moderate
C)Complete
D)Provisional

Question 25

Which is a disadvantage of local anesthesia?

A)Increased apprehension of the patient during the procedure
B)Avoids the effects of general anesthesia
C)Recovery period is minimized
D)Requires minimal equipment

Question 26

Where are acupuncture needles inserted on a patient's body?

A)Temple
B)Meridian points
C)Abdomen
D)Wherever the pain exists

Question 27

Which local anesthetic is potent and probably the most commonly used?

A)Lidocaine
B)Cocaine
C)Marcaine
D)Percaine

Question 28

Which depolarizing neuromuscular blocker is contraindicated in patients with known or a history of malignant hyperthermia?

A)Decamethonium
B)Metubine
C)Succinylcholine
D)Gallamine

Question 29

Which is a desired result of general anesthesia?

A)Bradycardia
B)Low arterial blood pressure
C)Muscle relaxation
D)Impaired ventilatory function

Question 30

What position should a patient be in when receiving spinal anesthesia?

A)Supine
B)Prone
C)Lithotomy
D)Lateral

Question 31

Any patient who has a full stomach is a hazard to a safe induction of anesthesia.

Question 32

Where is the placement of the endotracheal during intubation?

A)Into the lungs
B)Between the vocal cords
C)Down the esophagus
D)Into the back of the throat

Question 33

Which is a main objective in the maintenance of general anesthesia?

A)Ensure analgesia is constant.
B)Maintain consistent hypovolemia.
C)Ensure correct suture lines.
D)Ensure the patient can hear the surgeon begin the procedure.

Question 34

Local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors added to them should never be used in which areas?

A)Digits
B)Penis
C)Vascular structures
D)All of the above

Question 35

Which is a function controlled by homeostatic mechanisms?

A)Urine pH
B)Pain level
C)Muscle contraction
D)Heartbeat

Question 36

Which drug may be added to local anesthetic agents to lower pH?

A)Bupivacaine
B)Sodium bicarbonate
C)Antihistamines
D)Isuprel

Question 37

Which IV drug is commonly used for general anesthesia and is used for rapid induction?

A)Xylocaine
B)Isoflurane
C)Propofol
D)Marcaine

Question 38

Which is a method of administering a general anesthetic?

A)By mouth
B)Transdermally
C)Inhalation
D)Via the bladder

Question 39

Which is an action of epinephrine?

A)Vasodilation
B)Hypotension
C)Sympathetic nerve blocker
D)Prolongs anesthesia

Question 40

Which is a method of administering inhalation gases and vapors?

A)Nasal cannula
B)Intravenously
C)Intramuscular injection
D)Laryngeal mask

Question 41

Epidural narcotic analgesia provides prolonged postoperative pain relief.

Question 42

A MAC,or monitored anesthesia care,is done without an anesthesia provider present.

Question 43

A Bier block is used for upper extremities; no tourniquet is necessary.

Question 44

Because the patient is awake for the entire case,vital signs do not need to be recorded for a case under local anesthesia.

Question 45

The patient decides which type of anesthesia they prefer to have.

Question 46

A daily anesthesia machine checklist is a routine recommended by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration in 1986.

Question 47

Benzodiazepines are a form of sedative.

Question 48

During a local anesthesia case,an anesthesia provider must be present in the room with the patient.

Question 49

A spinal headache is caused by persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)leaking through the dura.

Question 50

The emergency case cart should be near the surgical suite with resuscitative drugs and equipment.

Question 51

Hypnosis produces a state of altered consciousness.