Deck 19: Appendix A: Statistics in Psychological Research

Question 1

Ruofan is a psychology graduate student who studies how genes affect behavior.In other words,she conducts research in the field of ____.

A) experimental psychology
B) introspection
C) behavioral genetics
D) psychoanalysis

Answer 1

behavioral genetics

Question 2

Balint is a behavioral geneticist who focuses on human behavior and mental processes.Which of the following is he most likely to investigate?

A) The effects of the environment on learned behavior
B) The way heredity and the environment influence personality
C) How learning influences genotypes
D) Cultural influences on mitosis

Answer 2

The way heredity and the environment influence personality

Question 3

If speaking with an Australian accent is controlled by a recessive gene,which combination would result in someone who speaks with an Australian accent?

A) recessive-recessive
B) dominant-recessive
C) dominant-dominant
D) recessive-recessive and dominant-recessive

Answer 3

recessive-recessive

Question 4

The sperm and ovum that joined to become you each had only one half of each of the pairs of chromosomes that belonged to your father and mother.The process that created the sperm and ovum is known as ____.

A) mitosis
B) halitosis
C) meiosis
D) zygosis

Question 5

Charlie,a cell,suddenly splits himself into an exact replica.There are now two Charlies.Not long after that,it happens again,and there are four Charlies.This process is called ____.

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) fertilization
D) symbiosis

Question 6

If research can show that schizophrenia is related to a person having a combination of several genes,then schizophrenia would be considered a(n)____.

A) polygenic trait
B) untreatable disease
C) global trait
D) dissociative disorder

Question 7

Sarah and Sophie are identical twins who have another sister,Susie,who is one year older than they.Many people mistake them for triplets because they all look so much alike.It is their ____ that make other people think they are triplets.

A) genotypes
B) phenotypes
C) polygenic traits
D) prototypes

Question 8

Which of the following is likely to be a research topic in behavioral genetics?

A) examining the difference in IQ between a child and his or her identical twin
B) examining the difference in IQ between a child and his or her classmates
C) examining the difference in IQ between a child and his or her teachers
D) examining the difference in IQ between a child at age four and again at nineteen

Question 9

The biology of inheritance is called ____.

A) immunology
B) environmental psychology
C) biochemistry
D) genetics

Question 10

A cell in a human body has divided into two new cells.Because the cell divided through a process known as mitosis,how many chromosomes will be found in each of the two new cells?

A) 46
B) 32
C) 23
D) 16

Question 11

According to your text,research exploring the influence of genetics on behavior and mental processes has been inhibited by ____.

A) Darwin's theory of evolution
B) Watson's behaviorism
C) World War I
D) Skinner's work with rats

Question 12

Ocean inherited genes that raise the risk of her developing bipolar disorder.She lives a relatively stress-free life,however,and shows no symptoms of the disorder.The risk is part of Ocean's ____,and the normal behavior is part of Ocean's ____.

A) phenotype; genotype
B) phenotype; phenotype
C) genotype; phenotype
D) genotype; genotype

Question 13

Demetrius inherited a gene for "Abcde" from his mother.Regardless of his father's contribution,this gene will be expressed in his phenotype."Abcde" is a ____ gene.

A) recessive
B) protein
C) dominant
D) meiosis

Question 14

Maria and Juanita are identical twins.Therefore,they have ____.

A) the same phenotype and the same genotype
B) the same phenotype but not necessarily the same genotype
C) the same genotype but not necessarily the same phenotype
D) neither the same genotype nor the same phenotype

Question 15

Rebecca spends a great deal of time researching her family tree.She begins to suspect that she probably has inherited several physical features and personality traits from her ancestors.To determine if her suspicions are correct,Rebecca will need to learn more about ____.

A) behaviorism
B) genetics
C) humanism
D) cognitive psychology

Question 16

Impressed with Darwin's theory of evolution,Sir Francis Galtonstarted the use of adoption,twin,and family studies.He is known for concluding that____ determines human behavior.

A) nurture alone
B) nurture more than nature
C) nurture and nature equally
D) nature more than nurture

Question 17

Which of these carry the specific structure that houses the genetic code?

A) chromosomes
B) ovum
C) sperm
D) embryo

Question 18

The genes contained in a single cell contain information for constructingevery aspect of ____.

A) that individual cell and nothing else
B) the individual organ/muscle to which that cell belongs and nothing else
C) the organ/muscle system to which that cell belongs and nothing else
D) the physical human being to which the cell belongs

Question 19

Genes are composed of molecules of ____.

A) deoxyribonucleic acid
B) nitrous oxide
C) sodium phosphate
D) chromosome

Question 20

Todd is a twenty-seven-year-old stockbroker.One of Todd's more striking features is his height-just 4 feet 2 inches tall.His parents,brothers and sisters,grandparents,aunts,uncles,and cousins are all over six feet tall.Based on your knowledge of the interplay between genetics and environmental factors,what is the most likely explanation for Todd's height?

A) an inherited gene
B) an early childhood illness
C) a sedentary lifestyle
D) genotype normalization

Question 21

Billy and Jimmy are identical twins.As they grow older,____.

A) their IQ scores are most likely to become more similar
B) their IQ scores are most likely to stay exactly equal to one another
C) no one can predict how their IQ scores are likely to change
D) their IQ scores are most likely to become less similar

Question 22

After making a simple mistake,Wilma says,"I can't help that I'm not intelligent.It's just the way I'm hard-wired." Wilma's comment reveals a misconception about genetic influences because ____.

A) complex traits like intelligence are influenced by many genes, as well as environmental factors
B) intelligence has not been found to be highly heritable
C) most people fall within two standard deviations on a distribution of intelligence
D) controversial studies on intelligence used group differences to predict an individual's intelligence

Question 23

Jorge and Julio are identical twins.Since Jorge has been diagnosed with schizophrenia,there is about a ____ chance that Julio can also be diagnosed with the disorder.

A) 10 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 70 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 24

Melanie and Melody are fraternal twins.At which age would you expect their IQ scores to be the most similar?

A) 15 years old
B) 30 years old
C) 45 years old
D) 60 years old

Question 25

Dr.Van Oss is conducting a longitudinal study on lifestyle and heart disease.He found that participants who smoked and had poor diets were at higher risk of developing heart disease.However,some of those at-risk participants appeared to have a genetic "immunity" to heart disease.These results demonstrate the importance of understanding ____.

A) a participant's phenotype
B) nonshared factors
C) gene-environment interactions
D) evolutionary factors

Question 26

Molly and Milly are identical twins.Molly has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.Which statement about Milly is true?

A) Milly will eventually be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
B) Environmental factors will play a large role in whether Milly is ever diagnosed with schizophrenia.
C) Genetic factors alone will determine whether Milly is ever diagnosed with schizophrenia.
D) Milly will never develop schizophrenia.

Question 27

Hans and Franz are identical twins.As infants,they were adopted into two dissimilar families.A researcher conducting a long-term twin study followed both of their lives,and on their twentieth birthday,she placed them through a battery of tests.One of the tests claims to measure environmental experiences while excluding all genetic factors.If this test's claims are true,Hans and Franz should ____.

A) score very similarly
B) have identical scores
C) show no significant similarity in scores
D) have scores that are complementary

Question 28

Tom and Mike are brothers.Tom is above average in mental ability whereas Mike is average.If their experiences are consistent with the research on the effects of genetics on environmental events,which of the following would most likely be true?

A) Their parents would be more responsive to Tom.
B) Teachers would be more responsive to Mike.
C) Mike would have more friends than Tom.
D) Mental ability does not affect interactions with parents, teachers, and peers.

Question 29

If the heritability of height is calculated to be .80,this means 80 percent of ____.

A) your physical height is due to genes, and the other 20 percent is due to environment
B) people studied have the same genes for height
C) the differences in height among people are due to genes
D) your genes for height have been activated

Question 30

Research on behavioral genetics suggests that,for psychological variables such as personality characteristics,the most important environmental influences are likely to be those ____.

A) shared by family members who live together
B) not shared by family members in general
C) shared by genetically related family members
D) not shared by family members of the same sex