Deck 4: Personal,legal,ethical,and Organizational Issues of Information Systems

Question 1

A potential benefit of telecommuting is that it increases interaction with coworkers.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Information technologies have decreased the ease of access to information for hackers as well as for legitimate organizations.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Having a clear,specific policy can help prevent legal actions users might take against an organization,as in cases of termination.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Even a small response for a spam is worthwhile return on the investment because sending spam e-mails is very inexpensive.

Question 5

Junk e-mail is also known as a cookie.

Question 6

Information technology has eliminated more types of jobs than it has created.

Question 7

Private information on the Web-what is posted by a person-is not subject to censorship because of the person's constitutional freedom of expression.

Question 8

A patent protects product names and identifying marks.

Question 9

Some "information paranoia" is valid,because information about almost every aspect of people's lives is now stored on various databases.

Question 10

Spamming has created decency concerns,because these e-mails often contain explicit language or nudity and can be opened by children.

Question 11

In general,patents last the author's lifetime plus 70 years.

Question 12

Copyright laws do not cover online materials.

Question 13

Cookies can be considered an invasion of privacy.

Question 14

To minimize the invasion of privacy,users should be able to review their records and correct any inaccuracies.

Question 15

As a part of intellectual property,logos are a type of copyrighted material.

Question 16

Log files make it possible for Web sites to customize pages for users.

Question 17

Information technologies have a direct effect on the nature of jobs.

Question 18

Information in databases can now be cross-matched to create profiles of people and predict their behavior,based on their transactions with educational,financial,and government institutions.

Question 19

Log files are small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive.

Question 20

An organization can generate revenue by licensing its patent to others.

Question 21

Ergonomics experts believe that using better-designed furniture can solve many of the health problems arising from information technology.

Question 22

Which of the following is a commonly used technology for data collection?

A) Applets
B) Kernels
C) Cookies
D) Firewalls

Question 23

In the context of Web and network privacy,_____ is a method for binding all the parties to a contract.

A) phishing
B) nonrepudiation
C) cybersquatting
D) encapsulation

Question 24

_____ provide information about a user's location and computer equipment,and this information can be used for unauthorized purposes,such as corporate espionage.

A) Cookies
B) Kernels
C) Applets
D) Firewalls

Question 25

In the context of Web and network privacy,_____ refers to issues involving both the user's and the organization's responsibilities and liabilities.

A) phishing
B) nonrepudiation
C) spoofing
D) accountability

Question 26

The cost of hiring additional employees is reduced because skills are shared among participating companies of a virtual organization.

Question 27

Green computation helps an organization save on energy costs.

Question 28

A disadvantage of a virtual organization is that it increases the time needed to develop new products.

Question 29

One of the ways in which green computing can be achieved is by replacing meetings over computer networks with actual face-to-face meetings.

Question 30

Usually,junk e-mail or spam is:

A) a solicited e-mail sent for business purposes.
B) quite expensive to send out.
C) sent in bulk using automated mailing software.
D) used to increase the size of user in-boxes.

Question 31

Organizations should keep collected information only as long as:

A) it can be reproduced.
B) it is needed for the stated purpose.
C) it can be manipulated.
D) it is abstract and incoherent.

Question 32

_____ has created decency concerns,because these e-mails often contain explicit language or nudity.

A) Phishing
B) Cybersquatting
C) Sniffing
D) Spamming

Question 33

To minimize the invasion of privacy,any organization creating,maintaining,using,or disseminating records of personal data must ensure the data's _____.

A) duplicability
B) reliability
C) abstractness
D) incoherence

Question 34

To minimize the invasion of privacy,the existence of record-keeping systems storing personal data should not:

A) be kept secret.
B) have a stated purpose.
C) be up-to-date.
D) be restricted.

Question 35

A virtual organization needs central offices and an organizational hierarchy for participants to contribute their expertise.

Question 36

The increasing popularity of touchscreens on smartphones may result in more stress-related injuries of the users' hands,arms,back,and eyes.

Question 37

Information technologies have created job upgrading.

Question 38

Green computing is one of the methods for combating global warming.

Question 39

To minimize the invasion of privacy,users and organizations should:

A) enable access to one's personal information to all interested parties.
B) keep collected information even after the stated purpose is over.
C) use verification procedures to ensure data accuracy.
D) collect both necessary and unnecessary data.

Question 40

Information technologies have led to "job deskilling."

Question 41

According to the principle of _____,Internet service providers (ISPs) and government agencies should treat all data on the Internet equally.

A) Internet censorship
B) net neutrality
C) Internet security
D) cybersquatting

Question 42

A credit card company sells its customers' mailing addresses to its competitors.In this scenario,the company's action is considered _____.

A) ethical but illegal
B) legal but unethical
C) illegal and unethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 43

The _____ is an exception to copyright laws that means that a person can use copyrighted material for certain purposes,such as quoting passages of a book in literary reviews.

A) Communications Decency Act
B) Fair Use Doctrine
C) Digital Millennium Act
D) ACM Code of Ethics

Question 44

According to the principle of Internet neutrality,Internet service providers (ISPs) and government agencies should:

A) not charge different rates on data.
B) treat data based on telecommunication providers.
C) block data traffic.
D) discriminate data based on user content.

Question 45

Which of the following is a potential drawback of telecommuting?

A) Lack of necessary supplies or equipment
B) Decreased productivity
C) Difficult work environment for employees with disabilities
D) Increased employee turnover and absenteeism

Question 46

Generally,_____ protect tangible material,such as books and drawings.

A) copyright laws
B) patents
C) trademarks
D) trade secrets

Question 47

In the context of intellectual property,which of the following is categorized as industrial property?

A) Copyrights
B) Artistic works
C) Literary works
D) Trademarks

Question 48

The 1980 revisions to the _____ of 1976 include computer programs,so both people and organizations can be held liable for unauthorized duplication and use of copyrighted programs.

A) Copyright Act
B) Digital Millennium Copyright Act
C) Copyright Term Extension Act
D) Telecommunications Act

Question 49

Alfred,a software programmer at Gamma Inc.,develops a program that spreads Trojan viruses to the organization's network.When Liam,his manager,discovers that Alfred had intentionally spread the virus,he immediately fires Alfred.In this scenario,Liam's behavior is considered _____.

A) illegal and unethical
B) legal but unethical
C) illegal but ethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 50

_____ laws give only the creator exclusive rights,meaning no one else can reproduce,distribute,or perform the literary and artistic work without permission.

A) Trademark
B) Trade secret
C) Patent
D) Copyright

Question 51

_____,which are generated by Web server software,record a user's actions on a Web site.

A) Viruses
B) Spam mails
C) Image maps
D) Log files

Question 52

_____ is registering,selling,or using a domain name to profit from someone else's trademark.

A) Sniffing
B) Phishing
C) Cybersquatting
D) Cyberbullying

Question 53

_____ information can be censored if the content is deemed offensive to a political,religious,or cultural group.

A) Public
B) Private
C) Secretive
D) Hidden

Question 54

A potential benefit of telecommuting is that:

A) it regulates work routine.
B) it reduces employee turnover.
C) it increases interaction with coworkers.
D) it separates work and home life.

Question 55

Clement applies for home loan at Global Bank Inc.As part of the process,he is required to provide personal details.The banker uses Clements's personal information to sell him insurance policies.In this scenario,the banker's action is considered _____.

A) illegal and unethical
B) ethical but illegal
C) legal but unethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 56

In the context of intellectual property,which of the following is categorized as copyrighted material?

A) Trademarks
B) Industrial designs
C) Artistic works
D) Inventions

Question 57

Jared makes two copies of an antivirus software package he just bought and gives one of the copies to Joshua.In this scenario,Jared's actions are considered _____.

A) ethical but illegal
B) legal but unethical
C) illegal and unethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 58

The _____ was partially overturned in the 1997 Reno v.ACLU case,in which the U.S.Supreme Court unanimously voted to strike down the act's anti-obscenity provisions,finding they violated the freedom of speech provisions of the First Amendment.

A) Telecommunications Act
B) Communications Decency Act
C) Copyright Act
D) Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Question 59

Information technology and the Internet have,in essence,resulted in two societal groups: the information rich and the information poor.This is called the _____.

A) digital dashboard
B) cyber squat
C) digital act
D) digital divide

Question 60

Aaron bought a photo-editing software package.He makes two copies of the software and keeps it with himself in case the original software fails and he needs a backup.In this scenario,Aaron's actions are considered _____.

A) illegal and unethical
B) legal but unethical
C) illegal but ethical
D) legal and ethical

Question 61

A(n) _____ is an intellectual property that protects new processes.

Question 62

Clerical workers using computers for word-processing tasks is an example of job _____.

A) restraining
B) upgrading
C) degrading
D) sharing

Question 63

To guard against possible legal ramifications and the consequences of using the Web and networks,an organization usually establishes a(n) _____,which is a set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequences of noncompliance.

Question 64

Job _____ occurs when skilled labor is eliminated by high technology or when a job is downgraded from a skilled to a semiskilled or unskilled position.

A) deskilling
B) reskilling
C) mobility
D) divide

Question 65

_____ involves the design,manufacture,use,and disposal of computers and servers in such a way that there is minimal impact on the environment.

A) Sniffing
B) Soft computing
C) Green computing
D) Cybersquatting

Question 66

_____ is a legal umbrella covering protections that involve copyrights,trademarks,trade secrets,and patents for "creations of the mind" developed by people or businesses.

Question 67

_____ organizations are networks of independent companies,suppliers,customers,and manufacturers connected via information technologies so that they can share skills and costs and have access to each other's markets.

Question 68

_____,also known as virtual work,has enabled some people to perform their jobs from home.

Question 69

A(n) _____ is an intellectual property that protects product names and identifying marks.

Question 70

_____ are small text files with a unique ID tag that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's hard drive.

Question 71

_____ is a technique that relies on typographical errors made by Web users when typing a Web site address into a Web browser.

Question 72

_____ are small text files that make it possible for Web sites to customize pages for users.

Question 73

_____ is computing that promotes a sustainable environment and consumes the least amount of energy.

Question 74

An advantage of virtual organizations is that:

A) the time needed to develop new products increases.
B) products are customized more to respond to customers' needs.
C) the cost of hiring additional employees increases.
D) an organizational hierarchy exists for participants to contribute their expertise.

Question 75

Unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes is called _____.

Question 76

In which of the following ways can green computing be achieved?

A) Using computing devices that are non-biodegradable
B) Replacing meetings over computer networks with actual face-to-face meetings
C) Replacing one large server with several underutilized smaller servers
D) Using video conferencing, electronic meeting systems, and groupware

Question 77

In the context of Web and network privacy,most organizations have new employees sign a(n) _____ before they can access the network.

Question 78

The most common way to index and link databases is by using _____.

Question 79

Whenever a user accesses a same domain,the browser sends saved information to the _____.

Question 80

In the context of intellectual properties,inventions are categorized as _____ properties.