Deck 4: Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Removal of the cell wall of a Gram positive bacteria results in the formation of a

A) protoplast
B) spheroplast
C) periplast
D) polyplast

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about a prokaryotic cell's surface-to-volume ratio is false?

A) because of their small size, bacteria have a small surface-to-volume ratio
B) eukaryotes have a surface-to-volume ratio that is only 1/10 that of prokaryotes
C) the prokaryote's surface-to-volume ratio means that nutrients can easily and quickly reach all parts of the cell as no internal part of the cell is very far from the surface.
D) a bacteria with a surface area of about 12 microns squared and a volume of 4 cubic microns has a surface-to-volume ratio of 3:1

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is not found in bacterial cells?

A) a cell membrane, usually surrounded by a cell wall
B) an internal cytoplasm with ribosomes, a nuclear region and in some cases granules
C) a variety of external structures, such as capsules, flagella and pili
D) respiratory enzymes contained in an internal structure surrounded by membranes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Peptidoglycan makes up more than 50% of a ________ cell wall.

A) Gram negative
B) Gram positive
C) Gram variable
D) acid-fast

Question 5

Cocci shaped cells which divide along two planes will produce cells arranged into

A) diplococci
B) streptococci
C) tetrads
D) staphylococci

Question 6

The shape of a bacterial cell is determined (and maintained)by the

A) cell membrane
B) cell wall
C) capsule
D) slime layer

Question 7

A small comma shaped bacteria is described as being a ________.

A) spirochete
B) bacillus
C) spirillum
D) vibrio

Question 8

Extrachromosomal DNA in prokaryotic cells can be found in the form of

A) chromosomes
B) plasmids
C) mitochondria
D) chloroplasts

Question 9

Lipids would be found primarily in the cell wall of

A) Gram positive bacteria
B) Gram negative bacteria
C) Gram variable bacteria
D) acid-fast bacteria

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells divide by

A) mitosis
B) binary fission
C) meiosis
D) mitosis asexually and meiosis sexually

Question 11

Which of the following cellular structures can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) peroxisomes
D) ribosomes

Question 12

Which of the following is not a common bacterial shape?

A) spirochete
B) coccus
C) disc
D) bacillus

Question 13

While division in one plane produces cells in pairs,what does random division produce?

A) sarcinae
B) eight cells arranged in a cube
C) grapelike clusters (staphylo-)
D) four cells arranged in a cube

Question 14

Which of the following cellular structures are found only in prokaryotic cells?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) pili
C) nucleolus
D) lysosomes

Question 15

The most important component of bacterial cell walls is

A) teicoic acid
B) lipotechoic acid
C) peptidoglycan
D) glutamic acid

Question 16

The periplasmic space

A) is found only in Gram positive organisms
B) is found between the nuclear area and the cell membrane
C) is found primarily in acid fast bacteria
D) is found between the cell membrane and cell wall

Question 17

Bacteria which show a wide variety of shapes within a single species are said to be

A) pleomorphic
B) axenic
C) acellular
D) monomorphic

Question 18

Bacilli produce fewer arrangements than cocci because

A) cocci are smaller than bacilli
B) bacilli only reproduce asexually
C) bacilli divide along several different planes while cocci divide along a single plane
D) cocci divide along several different planes while bacilli divide along a single plane

Question 19

Which of the following groups of organisms is not prokaryotic?

A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eubacteria
D) Eukarya

Question 20

The outer (cell)membrane component of the cell wall

A) is found only in Gram positive bacteria
B) is made primarily of peptidoglycan
C) contains lipopolysaccharrides
D) is primarily a reproductive structure

Question 21

Eukaryotic cells add rigidity to their plasma membrane by including what component in the membrane

A) protein
B) lipids
C) sugars
D) sterols

Question 22

In bacteria the cell membrane functions in all of the following ways,except:

A) regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell
B) synthesizes cell wall components
C) serves as the site for protein synthesis
D) assists with DNA replication

Question 23

Genetic information in bacteria

A) is found in the nucleus
B) is found only in RNA
C) is found in chromatin (ie DNA condensed by histones)
D) is sometimes found in the form of plasmids

Question 24

Lysozyme,found in human tears,controls the growth of bacteria by

A) fusing with vacuoles
B) containing multiple kinds of digestive enzymes
C) digesting peptidoglycan
D) preventing peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 25

The _____ portion of the cell membrane functions as a barrier while the ______ portion provides specific functions,including pumps,receptors,adhesion,etc.

A) carbohydrate; nucleic acid
B) lipid; protein
C) lipid; carbohydrate
D) nucleic acid; lipid

Question 26

Which of these statements about eukaryotic cell division is false?

A) the nuclei of eukaryotic cells divide via the process of mitosis
B) haploids are cells that receive only one chromosome from each pair of chromosomes
C) a single round of mitosis results in the production of four haploid cells
D) during mitosis the nuclear envelope breaks apart and the spindle apparatus forms

Question 27

Bacteria move by means of

A) cilia
B) flagella
C) whipping back and forth
D) pili

Question 28

Inclusions found in bacteria generally would not include

A) granules
B) volutin
C) metachromatic granules
D) ribosomes

Question 29

Which bacterial genus normally lacks a cell wall?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Streptococcus
C) Mycoplasma
D) Bacillus

Question 30

Endospores are usually induced to form when

A) temperatures rise
B) certain nutrients are depleted
C) radiation is detected
D) water is lost from the cell

Question 31

The Fluid-mosaic model describes the structure of

A) cell walls
B) cell membranes
C) capsules
D) endosymbiotic relationships

Question 32

Some bacteria can transfer DNA to another cell using

A) conjugation pili
B) fimbriae
C) axial filaments
D) lophotrichous flagella

Question 33

Penicillin controls the growth of bacteria by

A) destroying cell membranes
B) preventing protein synthesis
C) removing cell walls
D) preventing peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 34

The charged,phosphate end of a membrane phospholipid is

A) water-fearing
B) hydrophilic
C) hydrophobic
D) none of the above

Question 35

Which of the following is true about bacteria?

A) all bacteria cells are smaller than 100 micrometers in diameter
B) the cell wall controls the movement of small molecules into and out of the cell
C) gram negative bacteria become protoplasts when their cell wall is digested away
D) bacterial endospores are reproductive structures

Question 36

Bacterial ribosomes

A) have a sedimentation rate of 70S
B) Are made up of 30S and 40S subunits
C) have a sedimentation rate of 80S
D) Are made up of 50S and 30S subunits

Question 37

Endospores are typically found in the genera

A) Streptococcus
B) Clostridium
C) Mycobacterium
D) Staphylococci

Question 38

Which of the following structures is not normally part of a bacterial flagellum?

A) hook
B) filament
C) basal body
D) anchor

Question 39

Mitochondria

A) are responsible for converting sunlight to chemical energy
B) are present only in photosynthetic organisms
C) have a double membrane
D) are responsible for protein synthesis

Question 40

Bacteria with flagella all over their surface are said to be

A) monotrichous
B) peritrichous
C) amphitrichous
D) lophotrichous

Question 41

Which of the following statements about cell walls is false?

A) all bacterial cell walls contain teichoic acid
B) plants and fungi have cell walls
C) bacteria which have lost their cell wall are known as L-forms
D) algal protests have cell walls

Question 42

The cytoskeleton consists of

A) microfilaments and sterols
B) microtubules and proteins
C) microfilaments and microtubules
D) sterols and proteins

Question 43

Three bags,permeable to water but not salt,are placed in beakers containing an isotonic,hypotonic and hypertonic solution. Describe how you could determine which beaker was which. If the bag were a cell what would happen to it if it was placed in each beaker.

Question 44

During diffusion,molecules

A) move from hotter areas to cooler areas
B) move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
C) move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration
D) expend energy to move around

Question 45

Which of the following is responsible for converting sunlight into chemical energy?

A) chromatophores
B) chloroplasts
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) two of the above

Question 46

Endocytosis

A) releases material in the form of phagosomes
B) is the process of taking materials into the cell
C) directs material to the endoplasmic reticulum
D) uses simple diffusion to move material across the plasma membrane

Question 47

Which of the following statements is false?

A) all bacteria are capable of forming capsules
B) the chemical composition of each capsule is unique to a particular strain of bacteria
C) slime layer is usually thinner than a capsule
D) a slime layer protects bacteria against drying and helps trap nutrients near a cell.

Question 48

An organic molecule which moves down its concentration gradient and across a pore in a cell membrane without energy being expended by the cell is experiencing

A) simple diffusion
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) facilitated diffusion

Question 49

Osmosis most directly involves

A) water moving down a concentration gradient
B) organic molecules crossing a membrane
C) energy being expended to import large molecules into the cell
D) sugars and salts moving down their concentration gradient

Question 50

What is the function of gas-filled vacuoles in aquatic photosynthetic bacteria?

A) transducers to detect chemicals and signal the cells to respond
B) regulate the depth at which they float by changing amount of gas in vacuoles
C) change the handedness of the helix in which the bacteria is moving
D) allows the bacteria to respond to magnetic fields

Question 51

The rough endoplasmic reticulum appears rough because of

A) sterols in its membrane
B) fats and sugars on its surface
C) multiple ribosomes on its surface
D) proteins in the lumen of the ER

Question 52

Which is the correct ordering of cell wall components starting from outside the cell and going inward?

A) in gram positive bacteria: peptidoglycan, cell membrane
B) in gram negative bacteria: peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide, periplasmic space, outer membrane, cell membrane
C) in acid fast bacteria: peptidoglycan, lipid layer, cell membrane
D) in gram negative bacteria: peptidoglycan, periplasmic space, lipid membrane

Question 53

Give examples of microorganisms that are prokaryotes and eukaryotes. What microorganism does not fit in either category? Describe three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 54

Which of the following statements about motility is false?

A) chemotaxis is the movement of bacteria toward or away from a chemical
B) pseudopodia are associated with fungi
C) bacteria use helical movements to orient to external signals
D) pseudopodia are temporary projections of cytoplasm

Question 55

What supports the idea that prokaryotes were involved in the evolution of eukaryotes by means of endosymbiosis?

Question 56

A typical bacterial cell has a salt concentration of about 1%. If the cell is placed in a solution containing 10% salt,the net flow of water will be

A) out of the cell
B) into the cell
C) equally in and out of the cell
D) none of the above since water doesn't cross bacterial cell membranes

Question 57

Which of the following statements about the outer membrane is true?

A) it contains an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) which is responsible for fever and potentially serious complications in human infections
B) it prevents the cell from lysing when fluids flow into the cell
C) treatment with antibiotics which kill the bacteria will reduce the concentration of endotoxin
D) it is a space that is very active in cell metabolism

Question 58

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic hypothesis is false?

A) eukaryotic cells have both 70S and 80S ribosomes
B) mitochondria have their own DNA
C) when removed from cells, mitochondria continue to grow and divide
D) mitochondria are about the same size as prokaryotic cells

Question 59

Attachment pili do all of the following except,

A) help bacteria adhere to surfaces
B) allow bacteria to form a pellicle at the air-water interface of a broth culture
C) clump blood cells in a process called hemagglutination
D) prevent the pathogenicity of certain bacteria

Question 60

When the fluid within a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the fluid surrounding the cell,we say the fluid surrounding the cell is

A) hypertonic
B) isotonic
C) osmotonic
D) hypotonic