Question 1

Which is derived from cranial,but not trunk,neural crest?&#10;A)Sensory ganglia&#10;B)Wall of aorta&#10;C)Schwann cells&#10;D)Pigment cells&#10;E)Parasympathetic ganglia

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with a disturbance of neural crest?&#10;A)Anal atresia&#10;B)Meckel's diverticulum&#10;C)Omphalocele&#10;D)Volvulus&#10;E)Aganglionic megacolon

Accepted Answer

Aganglionic megacolon, also known as Hirschsprung's disease, is caused by a failure of neural crest cells to migrate properly during fetal development. This results in the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the affected segment of colon, leading to functional obstruction and dilation of the colon. The other choices are not specifically associated with disturbances of neural crest cells.

Question 3

Which of the following cell and tissue types arises from cranial,but not trunk,neural crest cells?&#10;A)Sensory ganglia&#10;B)Adrenal medulla&#10;C)Melanocytes&#10;D)Schwann cells&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Cranial neural crest cells give rise to a variety of cell types and tissues, including some that are also derived from trunk neural crest cells, such as sensory ganglia (A), melanocytes (C), and Schwann cells (D). The adrenal medulla (B) is specifically derived from trunk neural crest cells, not cranial. Therefore, none of the options listed are exclusive to cranial neural crest cells.

Question 4

Which of the following tissue types differentiates from cranial neural crest,but not trunk neural crest cells?&#10;A)Parasympathetic ganglia&#10;B)Schwann cells&#10;C)Smooth muscle&#10;D)Melanocytes&#10;E)Adrenal medullary cells

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following tissue types differentiates...

Question 5

Neural crest cells that are breaking free from the neural epithelium express ______________.&#10;A)Nodal&#10;B)Lim-1&#10;C)Chordin&#10;D)Noggin&#10;E)Slug

Accepted Answer

Neural crest cells express the transcription factor Slug during their transition from the neural epithelium to the mesenchyme. Nodal, Lim-1, Chordin, and Noggin are not typically expressed by neural crest cells during this process.

Question 6

Derivatives of neural crest cells include all of the following except ___________________:&#10;A)Melanocytes&#10;B)Chromaffin cells&#10;C)Sensory neurons&#10;D)Sympathetic neurons&#10;E)Epidermis

Accepted Answer

The epidermis is derived from the ectoderm, not neural crest cells. All of the other options are derivatives of neural crest cells.

Question 7

A newborn exhibits multiple congenital defects including a cleft palate,deafness,ocular hypertelorism,and a white forelock but otherwise dark hair on his head.The probable diagnosis is ________________________:

A)von Recklinghausen's disease
B)Hirschsprung's disease
C)Klinefelter syndrome
D)Arnold-Chiari malformation
E)Waardenburg syndrome

Accepted Answer

The combination of cleft palate, deafness, ocular hypertelorism, and a white forelock is characteristic of Waardenburg syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects neural crest cell development. The dark hair on the head is due to a separate gene variant called KIT. Von Recklinghausen's disease is also known as neurofibromatosis type 1 and is characterized by tumors growing along nerves. Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder of the colon causing bowel obstruction. Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, resulting in hypogonadism and often infertility. Arnold-Chiari malformation is a brain abnormality in which the cerebellum extends into the spinal canal.

Question 8

The coordinated pattern of migration of neural crest cells from rhombomere 2 to the first pharyngeal arch,rhombomere 4 into the second arch,and rhombomere 6 into the third arch is correlated with precise expression patterns of which of the Hox gene families?

A)Hox-1 (Hox A)
B)Hox-2 (Hox B)
C)Hox-3 (Hox C)
D)Hox-4 (Hox D)

Accepted Answer

The Hox-2 (Hox B) gene family is expressed in a pattern that corresponds to the migration of neural crest cells from rhombomere 2 to the first pharyngeal arch, rhombomere 4 into the second arch, and rhombomere 6 into the third arch. This indicates a possible role for Hox-2 genes in the specification of the identity of the pharyngeal arches.

Question 9

Which of the following is a poor substrate for migrating neural crest cells?&#10;A)Laminin&#10;B)Chondroitin sulfate&#10;C)Fibronectin&#10;D)Type IV collagen&#10;E)Hyaluronic acid

Accepted Answer

Chondroitin sulfate is a poor substrate for migrating neural crest cells because it is a component of the extracellular matrix that can inhibit the migration of these cells.

Question 10

Neural crest from the trunk region contributes to all of the following structures except ______________________.&#10;A)Sensory ganglia&#10;B)Sympathetic ganglia&#10;C)Melanocytes&#10;D)Adrenal medulla&#10;E)Cartilage

Accepted Answer

Neural crest from the trunk region does not contribute to cartilage, unlike neural crest from other regions which contribute to cartilage in the head and neck.

Question 11

Which of the following might be associated with von Recklinghausen's disease?&#10;A)Caf&#233; au lait spots&#10;B)Neurofibromas&#10;C)Gigantism of the limb&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following might be associated...

Question 12

Neural crest cells arise from the ______________.&#10;A)Somite&#10;B)Zone of polarizing activity&#10;C)Neural tube&#10;D)Splanchnic mesoderm&#10;E)Yolk sac endoderm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neural crest cells arise from the ______________.&#10;A)Somite&#10;B)Zone...

Question 13

Which of these neural crest derivatives is formed only from cranial neural crest?&#10;A)Melanocytes&#10;B)Sensory ganglion cells&#10;C)Cartilage&#10;D)Satellite cells of sensory ganglia&#10;E)Adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these neural crest derivatives is...

Question 14

Which of the following is a derivative of cranial,but not trunk,neural crest?&#10;A)Sensory ganglia&#10;B)Dermis&#10;C)Melanocytes&#10;D)Schwann cells&#10;E)Autonomic ganglia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a derivative...

Deck 12: Neural Crest