Question 1

The septum transversum is most closely associated with early development of the _______________.&#10;A)Liver&#10;B)Respiratory system&#10;C)Allantois&#10;D)Dorsal pancreas&#10;E)Yolk stalk

Accepted Answer

The septum transversum is a sheet of mesoderm that plays a critical role in the early development of the liver. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and forms a platform on which the liver develops. While the septum transversum is involved in the development of other organs as well, such as the heart and lungs, the liver is the most closely associated with it.

Question 2

The yolk stalk (duct)is most closely associated with which artery?&#10;A)Celiac artery&#10;B)Umbilical artery&#10;C)Superior mesenteric artery&#10;D)Aorta&#10;E)Inferior mesenteric artery

Accepted Answer

The yolk stalk (duct) is a remnant of the yolk sac that connects the midgut to the yolk sac during embryonic development. It is most closely associated with the superior mesenteric artery, which supplies blood to the midgut.

Question 3

The urorectal septum is situated between the __________________.&#10;A)Phallus and urogenital sinus&#10;B)Urogenital sinus and cloacal membrane&#10;C)Allantois and urinary bladder&#10;D)Rectum and urogenital sinus&#10;E)Rectum and tail bud

Accepted Answer

The urorectal septum divides the embryonic cloaca into the anterior urogenital sinus and the posterior rectal canal, thus it is situated between the rectum and the urogenital sinus.

Question 4

The dorsal pancreas is induced by the _________________.&#10;A)Gut endoderm&#10;B)Neural tube&#10;C)Notochord&#10;D)Hepatic mesoderm&#10;E)Yolk sac mesoderm

Accepted Answer

The dorsal pancreas is induced by the notochord, which inhibits a signaling molecule (Shh) in the endodermal cells, allowing them to differentiate into pancreatic tissue.

Question 5

Which of the following is associated with polyhydramnios?&#10;A)Pyloric stenosis&#10;B)Anal atresia&#10;C)Esophageal stenosis&#10;D)Meckel's diverticulum&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Polyhydramnios is excess amniotic fluid, and can be associated with several fetal abnormalities including esophageal stenosis or atresia, which can prevent the swallowing of amniotic fluid leading to accumulation. Pyloric stenosis is associated with decreased amniotic fluid, and Meckel’s diverticulum and anal atresia are not associated with changes in amniotic fluid levels.

Question 6

Defective neural crest cell migration plays a major role in which of the following?&#10;A)Imperforate anus&#10;B)Aganglionic megacolon&#10;C)Pyloric stenosis&#10;D)Tracheoesophageal fistula&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Defective neural crest cell migration is the underlying cause of aganglionic megacolon, also known as Hirschsprung's disease. This is a condition where the colon lacks the enteric ganglia necessary for peristalsis, resulting in severe constipation or obstruction. Imperforate anus (A) is a condition where the rectum and anus do not develop properly, often requiring surgical intervention. Pyloric stenosis (C) is a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine, typically requiring surgical correction. Tracheoesophageal fistula (D) is a condition where there is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus, also requiring surgical intervention. However, none of these conditions are directly caused by defective neural crest cell migration.

Question 7

The notochord induces the _________________.&#10;A)Hepatic diverticulum&#10;B)Dorsal pancreatic primordium&#10;C)Ventral pancreatic primordium&#10;D)Respiratory diverticulum&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The notochord induces the _________________.&#10;A)Hepatic diverticulum&#10;B)Dorsal pancreatic...

Question 8

Compression of a lung can occur in association with _________________.&#10;A)Diaphragmatic hernia&#10;B)Omphalocele&#10;C)Volvulus&#10;D)Tracheoesophageal fistula&#10;E)Meckel's diverticulum

Accepted Answer

Compression of a lung can occur in association with diaphragmatic hernia, which is a condition where there is a defect in the diaphragm allowing the abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity and compress the lung.

Question 9

Meckel's diverticulum is most commonly located in the _____________.&#10;A)Ileum&#10;B)Ascending colon&#10;C)Jejunum&#10;D)Transverse colon&#10;E)Duodenum

Accepted Answer

Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital abnormality that arises from the remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. It is usually located on the antimesenteric border of the ileum, near the ileocecal valve.

Question 10

A newborn infant chokes and is unable to retain milk during its first attempt to breast-feed.This is most likely due to (a)____________________.&#10;A)Thyroglossal cyst&#10;B)Duodenal atresia&#10;C)Tracheoesophageal fistula&#10;D)Lateral cervical cyst&#10;E)Pyloric stenosis

Accepted Answer

A tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the trachea and the esophagus. This can cause feeding difficulties as milk can enter the lungs instead of being retained in the stomach, leading to choking and aspiration. The other options (thyroglossal cyst, duodenal atresia, lateral cervical cyst, and pyloric stenosis) do not typically cause feeding difficulties in newborns.

Question 11

Which of the following associations is not correct?&#10;A)Pyramidal lobe of thyroid - neural crest&#10;B)Meckel's diverticulum - heterotopic pancreatic tissue&#10;C)Hindgut - inferior mesenteric artery&#10;D)Walls of second pharyngeal pouches - palatine tonsils&#10;E)Agnathia - branchial arch I

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following associations is not...

Question 12

The ventral part of the diaphragm is derived principally from the ____________.&#10;A)Mesentery&#10;B)Pleuroperitoneal folds&#10;C)Septum transversum&#10;D)Body wall&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ventral part of the diaphragm is...

Question 13

Ectopic gastric mucosa can be found in the _____________.&#10;A)Tongue&#10;B)Colon&#10;C)Biliary tract&#10;D)Meckel's diverticulum&#10;E)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ectopic gastric mucosa can be found in...

Question 14

What malformation is associated with the failure of the return of the intestines into the body cavity?&#10;A)Encephalocoele&#10;B)Diaphragmatic hernia&#10;C)Omphalocele&#10;D)Volvulus&#10;E)Meckel's diverticulum

Accepted Answer

The answer of What malformation is associated with the failure...

Question 15

A Meckel's diverticulum can contain ectopic _______________.&#10;A)Gastric mucosa&#10;B)Endometrium&#10;C)Pancreatic tissue&#10;D)All of the above&#10;E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of A Meckel's diverticulum can contain ectopic _______________.&#10;A)Gastric...

Question 16

Which of the following associations is correct?&#10;A)Foregut - superior mesenteric artery&#10;B)Midgut - jejunum&#10;C)Midgut - celiac artery&#10;D)Meckel's diverticulum - jejunum&#10;E)Vermiform appendix - hindgut

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following associations is correct?&#10;A)Foregut...

Question 17

Which vessel serves as the pivot point for intestinal rotation?&#10;A)Inferior mesenteric artery&#10;B)Hepatic portal vein&#10;C)Celiac artery&#10;D)Umbilical vein&#10;E)Superior mesenteric artery

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which vessel serves as the pivot point...

Deck 15: Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body Cavities