Deck 22: Revolution and Crisis, 1960-1974

Question 1

​The focus of the Vietnamizationplan introduced by President Nixon in 1969 was​

A)the use of napalm to denude the forests of North Vietnam.
B)a surge of U.S.troops in Vietnam preceding the final withdrawal.
C)a publicity campaign to explain American involvement in Vietnam.
D)​the gradual replacement of U.S.troops by South Vietnamese soldiers.

Answer 1

​the gradual replacement of U.S.troops by South Vietnamese soldiers.

Question 2

​The Bay of Pigs refers to

A)a failed U.S.invasion of Cuba.
B)a group of Cuban exiles within the U.S.government.
C)​an attempt of Cubans to reach the United States by boat.
D)​the attempt of the Soviet Union to place nuclear warheads in Cuba.

Answer 2

a failed U.S.invasion of Cuba.

Question 3

​Where did the violence-riddled Democratic National Convention of 1968 take place?

A)Chicago
B)Detroit
C)​Los Angeles
D)​Miami
E)New York City​

Answer 3

Chicago

Question 4

​The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave President Johnson the authority to

A)escalate the Vietnam War.
B)negotiate with North Vietnam.
C)​send military advisors to Vietnam.
D)​bomb military targets in Cambodia.
E)​sink Vietnamese ships in the Gulf of Tonkin.

Question 5

​Which best describes U.S.involvement in Vietnam during the Kennedy administration?

A)The United States sent an increasing number of American military advisors to support the South Vietnamese regime.
B)The United States used covert operations to overthrow the communist government and replace it with Ngo Dingh Diem.
C)​The United States arranged for U.N.peacekeeping troops to enter Vietnam but avoided sending U.S.military personnel.
D)​The United States began to pull military advisors out of Vietnam,leading North Vietnam to attack the now weakened government.

Question 6

​What happened at My Lai that aroused the ire of the U.S.public?

A)U.S.troops massacred a rogue band of Vietcong.
B)U.S.troops killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians.
C)​U.S.air strikes destroyed factories and power plants.
D)​U.S.prisoners of war were executed by the Vietcong.

Question 7

​George McGovern replaced Thomas Eagleton with Sargent Shriver as his running mate after learning that Eagleton

A)had been hospitalized for depression
B)voted in favor of the War Powers Resolution
C)​had participated in antiwar demonstrations
D)had been a member of the Communist Party​

Question 8

​All of the following statements regarding the oil embargo of 1973-1974 are true except

A)OPEC halted oil shipments to the United States,western Europe,and Japan to protest their support of Israel.
B)the embargo caused panic in the United States,which used 30 percent of the world's energy.
C)​the government lowered the speed limit on highways to 55 miles per hour to save energy.
D)​after the oil embargo was lifted,energy prices dropped below the pre-embargo prices.

Question 9

​The Watergate scandal involved a break-in at the offices of the

A)Democratic National Headquarters.
B)Republican National Headquarters.
C)​Washington Post.
D)​White House.

Question 10

​What was the goal of the War Powers Resolution?

A)to increase taxes to pay for the war in Vietnam
B)to expand the power of the president as commander-in-chief
C)​to allow the executive branch to institute a draft in times of war
D)​to limit the president's ability to commit the United States to war

Question 11

​In February 1972,President Nixon made a historic trip to what country?

A)China
B)India​
C)​Japan
D)​North Vietnam

Question 12

​What seminal event occurred on April 22,1970?

A)the first Earth Day was celebrated
B)Neil Armstrong walked on the moon
C)​President Nixon announced his resignation
D)​the Woodstock Music and Art Fair was held

Question 13

​The 1970s energy crisis resulted in all of the following except

A)daylight savings time in winter
B)an easing of environmental restrictions on coal mining
C)​a reduction of economic aid and political support for Israel
D)​increased population in and political influence of the Sunbelt
E)​a national speed limit of 55 miles per hour on the nation's highways

Question 14

​Who said the famous words,as he stepped onto the moon: "That's one small step for man,one giant leap for mankind"?

A)Buzz Aldrin
B)Neil Armstrong
C)​Michael Collins
D)​John Glenn
E)​Alan Shepard

Question 15

​In the Shanghai Communiqué,China agreed to

A)address human rights abuses.
B)open a legation in Washington.
C)​stop its nuclear weapons program.
D)​recognize the government of Taiwan.

Question 16

​The Peace Corps sought to spread American ideals by providing which of the following?

A)equal educational opportunities for underprivileged youth
B)food and clothing to Americans living below the poverty line
C)​educational and technical assistance to underdeveloped nations
D)​trained mediators to negotiate among political and military rivals

Question 17

​Thurgood Marshall became the first African American to serve as

A)secretary of state.
B)attorney general.
C)​Supreme Court justice.
D)​poet laureate.

Question 18

​President Nixon supported all of the following environmental programs except

A)a ban on the use of DDT
B)the Endangered Species Act
C)the Water Pollution Control Act
D)​the formation of the Environmental Protection Agency

Question 19

​Which of the following was not a result of U.S.involvement in the Vietnam War?

A)U.S.soldiers received a hero's welcome upon returning home.
B)The United States suffered more than 350,000 casualties (killed and wounded).
C)​Following the withdrawal of U.S.troops,South Vietnam fell to the Communists.
D)​President Nixon proclaimed that the United States had achieved "peace with honor."

Question 20

​Who was President John F.Kennedy's secretary of state?

A)Robert Kennedy
B)Robert McNamara
C)​Dean Rusk
D)​Sergeant Shriver

Question 21

​Who were the freedom riders?

A)the first military advisors in Vietnam
B)leaders of a bus boycott in and beyond Montgomery,Alabama
C)​members of the Beat Generation who followed Jack Kerouac on his On the Road adventure
D)​bus travelers who traveled through the South to test the Supreme Court ruling outlawing segregation

Question 22

​Gloria Steinem took the first steps toward becoming a feminist leader in 1969 when she spoke out for

A)the legalization of abortion.
B)equal pay in the workplace.
C)​allowing married women to keep their maiden name.
D)​increased funding for research on women's health issues.

Question 23

​In August 1965,a violent race riot occurred in Watts,a black neighborhood of what major U.S.city?

A)Chicago
B)Detroit
C)​Los Angeles
D)​New York
E)​Philadelphia

Question 24

​From his jail cell in Birmingham,Martin Luther King,Jr. ,defended the morality of

A)active resistance.
B)civil disobedience.
C)​interracial marriage
D)​race riots.
E)​violent protest.

Question 25

​What became the first mass-circulation magazine in 1972?

A)Cosmopolitan
B)Mademoiselle
C)​Ms.
D)​Working Woman

Question 26

​Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned after he was implicated in the Watergate scandal.

Question 27

The Freedom of Information Act gave the American people unprecedented access to classified government material.​

Question 28

​Which of the following statements regarding the freedom rides is true?

A)The Kennedy administration sent in federal marshals to protect the freedom riders.
B)The freedom riders unexpectedly met more resistance in the North than in the South.
C)​The rides were planned by the federal government to force a showdown with state governments.
D)​The rides enlisted blacks and whites to testing a Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation in schools.

Question 29

In response to the Cuban missile crisis,President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Khrushchev established a direct telephone line between the White House and the Kremlin.​

Question 30

​In April 1970 Antiwar protests increased after American troops invaded which country to cut off enemy supply lines to Vietnam?

A)Cambodia
B)China
C)​North Vietnam
D)​Thailand

Question 31

​At Kent State University in May 1970 a violent confrontation during which of the following resulted in police shooting into a crowd of students,killing four?

A)a civil rights march
B)an antiwar demonstration
C)​attempts to integrate the school
D)​the investigation into hate crimes

Question 32

​President Nixon removed Attorney General Elliot Richardson and his deputy after they refused to fire Archibald Cox,who was investigating White House activities.

Question 33

​Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was tried and convicted of first-degree murder.

Question 34

President Nixon was forced to resign during his first term in office following the Watergate break-in.​

Question 35

​Who famously declared,"Segregation Now! Segregation Tomorrow! Segregation Forever!"

A)Stokely Carmichael
B)Bull Connor
C)​Medgar Evers
D)​Orval Faubus
E)​George C.Wallace

Question 36

In the 1972 election,Nixon carried every state except Massachusetts.​

Question 37

​Who was the first African American to attempt to enroll in classes at the University of Mississippi following orders to desegregate?

A)Ross Barnett
B)Stokely Carmichael
C)​Andrew Goodman
D)​James Meredith

Question 38

​In the summer of 1969 riots at the Stonewall Inn followed a series of confrontations between police and

A)antiwar demonstrators.
B)gays.
C)​Latinos.
D)​women's libbers.

Question 39

​At what university did a violent confrontation between antiwar protesters and National Guard troops result in the death of four students?

A)Kent State
B)Princeton
C)​University of Mississippi
D)​University of California at Berkeley

Question 40

​The "Plumbers" were members of a White House unit that Nixon charged with stopping security leaks.

Question 41

The Nixon administration targeted minority aid programs for Native Americans,but there remained high rates of suicide and alcoholism among Native American groups.​

Question 42

In the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty,the United States and the Soviet Union limited the number of long-range missiles and froze the production of antiballistic missiles for five years.​

Question 43

In The Feminine Mystique,Betty Friedan gave voice to middle-class women who sacrificed families and children for careers.

Question 44

Black Power stressed African American unity and racial pride.​

Question 45

La Raza Unida was a social group founded to help integrate Chicanos into California society.​

Question 46

​The movies Easy Rider and Hair celebrated the counterculture.

Question 47

Mobilization Day was a day set aside in 1969 for draft-age men to sign up for military service.​