Deck 6: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Manifestations of Systemic Conditions

Question 1

Polycythemia increases the mass of the red blood cells,thereby elevating the hematocrit.One possible concern for the physical therapist treating a patient with this condition is:

A) low oxygen saturation.
B) thromboemboli.
C) hypoxemia.
D) hyperemia.

Answer 1

B
The increased mass of red blood cells and elevated hematocrit increase the viscosity of the blood; the increased viscosity places the patient at risk for thromboemboli.

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels are located in the pleurae and not the alveolar capillary spaces of the pulmonary system.These vessels drain fluid into the .

A) interlobular septae
B) hilar vessels
C) subpleural spaces
D) lung parenchyma

Answer 2

B
All lymphatic vessels from the pleurae empty into the hilar vessels before draining into the primary tracheobronchial lymph nodes.

Question 3

A young female athlete is seen by a physical therapist.The athlete's primary complaints are fatigue and an inability to catch her breath.The therapist determines that she has a nutritional disorder,anorexia nervosa.All of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis EXCEPT:

A) obstructive sleep apnea.
B) ineffective cough.
C) respiratory muscle weakness.
D) cardiac dysrhythmias.

Answer 3

A
Obstructive sleep apnea is typical in individuals who are obese,and not those with anorexia nervosa.

Question 4

For patients diagnosed with sickle cell anemia,all of the following are characteristics of the condition EXCEPT:

A) vitamin K deficiency.
B) pleuritic chest pain.
C) abnormal pulmonary function test results.
D) erythrocyte rigidity.

Question 5

What substance is responsible for stimulating the synthesis of surfactant,which assists in holding the alveolar sac open for oxygenation to occur?

A) Thyroid hormone
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Corticotrophin hormone
D) Lipolytic hormone

Question 6

Patients with Parkinson disease are typically have increased muscle tone and subsequent rigidity.As part of a planned program of intervention,the physical therapist should consider which of the following?

A) Program of general muscle strengthening
B) Program of cardiovascular endurance training
C) Program of stretching and tone reduction activities
D) Program of tone reduction and thoracic mobility activities

Question 7

A patient with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism might experience all of the following clinical signs and symptoms related to the cardiovascular and pulmonary system EXCEPT:

A) sleep apnea.
B) decreased vital capacity.
C) pleural effusions.
D) pericardial effusions.

Question 8

A physical therapist completes an examination for a patient with quadriplegia.As part of the plan of care,the therapist should likely address which of the following?

A) Impaired cough
B) Sitting posture
C) Upper body strengthening
D) Cardiovascular endurance

Question 9

The heart and lungs should be seen as a continuous system in as much as changes in one will ultimately affect the other.If the right side of the heart falters in operation,it could result in increased pressure and create a condition known as:

A) right heart failure.
B) pulmonary failure.
C) left heart failure.
D) pulmonary hypertension.

Question 10

A physical therapist completes an evaluation of a child with cerebral palsy.As part of the physical therapy interventions,physical therapist is planning to educate the parents or caregivers.What items will be most appropriate to include to maintain optimal cardiovascular and pulmonary health?

A) Consideration of a scoliosis screen
B) Consideration of seating adaptations
C) Consideration of the risk for aspiration
D) Consideration for supplemental oxygen

Question 11

A patient with a diagnosis of HIV is complaining of dyspnea and hemoptysis.The patient describes the presence of a cough,and plain radiographs demonstrate diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.This patient has had several bouts of pneumonia within the past year; he has sought treatment but finds it difficult to stay on a regimen given his travel (the patient resides abroad).He is likely to be diagnosed with which condition?

A) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
B) Tuberculosis
C) Klebsiella pneumonia
D) Legionella pneumonia

Question 12

A patient with left-sided heart failure would likely have changes in which of the following systems?

A) Integumentary system
B) Endocrine system
C) Metabolic system
D) Lymphatic system

Question 13

Reduced lung compliance resulting from an increased fibrotic event of the lung parenchyma would be related to changes of what origin?

A) Musculoskeletal conditions
B) Neurologic conditions
C) Gastrointestinal conditions
D) Connective tissue conditions

Question 14

A patient with a long-standing history of diabetes is seen for participation in a wellness program.The physical therapist completes a history and systems review.What would be the most appropriate test and measures to complete before the patient begins activity?

A) Pulmonary function test
B) Ankle-brachial index
C) Distal pulses and sensation
D) Vital signs (blood pressure and heart rate)

Question 15

A physical therapist is conducting a systems review of a potential patient with a history of alcohol abuse.During the conversation,the patient reveals the onset of increasing difficulty getting cuts and nosebleeds to clot.What should the therapist do?

A) Instruct the patient to take more iron.
B) Question the patient about his or her medications.
C) Advise the patient to stop taking aspirin.
D) Consider liver dysfunction and consult with the physician.

Question 16

A patient seen by a physical therapist after a stroke with the clinical presentation of abdominal muscle weakness and pharyngeal weakness is at risk for:

A) diaphragmatic excursion.
B) aspiration.
C) unilateral posture.
D) impaired biomechanics.

Question 17

A physical therapist is conducting a medical record review in the acute care setting and finds the following notes in the patient's chart from the pulmonologist: "interstitial and alveolar inflammation and alveolar hemorrhage." The physical therapist should consider that the patient may have which of the following conditions?

A) Renal-pulmonary syndrome
B) Hepatic syndrome
C) Hematologic syndrome
D) Hypoxic vasoconstriction

Question 18

Pleural fluid accumulations and effusion of the thorax can lead to which of the following conditions?

A) Atelectasis
B) Decreased hydrostatic pressure
C) Increased oncotic pressure
D) Starling deficit

Question 19

A patient seen by a physical therapist is suspect of having right-sided heart failure.This condition is likely to lead to because blood is not forwarded to the lungs effectively.

A) pulmonary vasodilation
B) hyperkalemia
C) hypoxemia
D) hypoventilation

Question 20

Abnormalities seen in red blood cells that would affect the ability of the cell to transport oxygen might be seen clinically as which symptom?

A) Hemoptysis
B) Hemorrhage
C) Dyspnea
D) Pleuritic chest pain