Question 1

Deficiencies in glottal openings and expulsion are often related to:&#10;A) brain injuries and coordination difficulties.&#10;B) muscle injuries coordination difficulties.&#10;C) skeletal injuries and movement.&#10;D) spinal cord injuries and mobilization difficulties.

Accepted Answer

Deficiencies in glottal openings and expulsion are often related to brain injuries and coordination difficulties because the control of voice and speech mechanisms involves complex brain functions and coordination between different neural systems.

Question 2

Populations commonly in need of evaluation of swallowing are:&#10;A) patients with pulmonary disorders.&#10;B) patients with cardiovascular disorders.&#10;C) patients with musculoskeletal disorders.&#10;D) patients with neurologic disorders.

Accepted Answer

Patients with neurologic disorders are commonly in need of evaluation of swallowing due to potential difficulties with coordination and control of the muscles involved in swallowing. These conditions can include stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological conditions.

Question 3

A complete lack of glottal closure will not produce any cough or sound because:&#10;A) pulmonary function has been compromised.&#10;B) the vocal folds are not approximating (adducting).&#10;C) respiratory function has been compromised.&#10;D) the focal folds are not separating (abducting).

Accepted Answer

Cough and sound are produced by the rapid and forceful release of air from the lungs through the vocal folds, which vibrate and create sound when they approximate (adduct). Without glottal closure, the vocal folds cannot create sound because there is no airflow passing through them. This does not necessarily indicate pulmonary or respiratory compromise, as the individual may still be able to breathe normally without producing sound.

Question 4

_______ is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in patients with pulmonary impairments&#10;A) Cough&#10;B) Sneezing&#10;C) Headache&#10;D) Wheezing

Accepted Answer

Coughing is a common symptom in patients with pulmonary impairments such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchitis. It is a reflex action that helps to clear irritants or mucus from the airways. Sneezing is not typically associated with pulmonary impairments, while headache is a non-specific symptom that can have various causes unrelated to pulmonary function. Wheezing is also a common symptom in pulmonary impairments but is not as commonly reported as coughing.

Question 5

Inadequate force is usually heard as a higher pitched cough,often called a(n):&#10;A) costophrenic cough.&#10;B) self-assisted cough.&#10;C) assisted cough.&#10;D) throaty cough.

Accepted Answer

Inadequate force during coughing often results in a higher pitched sound, which is typically referred to as a "throaty cough." This term reflects the sound's origin from higher up in the throat, where less force and air volume are involved, compared to a deeper, chest-based cough.

Question 6

An assistive cough is called the anterior chest compression assist because it compresses both the:&#10;A) upper and lower posterior chest during the coughing maneuver.&#10;B) upper and lower anterior chest during the coughing maneuver.&#10;C) right and left anterior chest during the coughing maneuver.&#10;D) right and left posterior chest during coughing maneuver.

Accepted Answer

The anterior chest compression assist involves compressing both the upper and lower anterior chest during the coughing maneuver, not the posterior chest. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 7

The most effective assistive-cough technique for the widest cross-section of patients with:&#10;A) musculoskeletal disorders.&#10;B) chest wall muscle weakness.&#10;C) neurologic disorders.&#10;D) cardiovascular disorders.

Accepted Answer

Neurologic disorders can affect the muscles of the chest wall, diaphragm, and abdomen, making it difficult to cough effectively. The assistive-cough technique can help to improve cough strength and effectiveness in patients with neurologic disorders.

Question 8

If the cough is dry and unproductive,do not encourage frequent coughing.This is especially true for people with:&#10;A) inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree (bronchitis).&#10;B) acute inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia).&#10;C) asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).&#10;D) swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia).

Accepted Answer

For people with asthma and COPD, frequent coughing can lead to airway irritation and inflammation, worsening their condition. It is important to encourage controlled, productive coughing techniques instead. In cases of bronchitis and pneumonia, productive coughing can help to expel mucus and improve breathing, but in cases of dry and unproductive coughing, it may not be helpful. Swallowing dysfunction can also be worsened by frequent coughing, so it is important to address the underlying cause of the cough and avoid exacerbating the swallowing issue.

Question 9

The Cough Assist Machine,previously known as the cofflator or Mechanical In-Exsufflator (MI-E)is a noninvasive machine used for:&#10;A) airway clearance.&#10;B) bronchial dilation.&#10;C) teaching correct breathing techniques.&#10;D) teaching self-assisted techniques.

Accepted Answer

The Cough Assist Machine is primarily used for airway clearance, helping to remove secretions from the lungs and airways in individuals with respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While it may indirectly help with bronchial dilation or teaching correct breathing techniques, its main purpose is to facilitate efficient coughing and mucus clearance. Teaching self-assisted techniques may also be a secondary goal of using the machine, but it is not the primary use.

Question 10

Three manually assisted techniques are:&#10;A) anterior chest compression, long sitting, and hands-and-knees rocking.&#10;B) anterior chest compression, counterrotation, and prone on elbows head flection.&#10;C) costophrenic, anterior chest compression, and long sitting.&#10;D) costophrenic, anterior chest compression, and counterrotation.

Accepted Answer

Costophrenic, anterior chest compression, and counterrotation are all effective manually assisted techniques for mobilizing secretions in the lungs. They involve varying degrees of pressure and postural changes to help loosen and clear mucus from the airways. Option A includes long sitting and hands-and-knees rocking, which can be helpful in certain situations but may not be as effective for clearing secretions. Option B includes prone on elbows head flection, which is typically not used for lung clearance and may not be safe for all patients. Option C includes costophrenic and anterior chest compression, but long sitting alone may not be as effective as counterrotation in some cases.

Question 11

The anterior chest compression technique is more effective than the costophrenic assist for patients with a very weak:&#10;A) chest wall muscle.&#10;B) immune system.&#10;C) pectoral muscle.&#10;D) abdominal muscle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anterior chest compression technique is more...

Question 12

What functions to clear secretions and inhaled particular matter?&#10;A) Throat clearing&#10;B) Mucociliary escalator&#10;C) Cough&#10;D) Sneeze

Accepted Answer

The answer of What functions to clear secretions and inhaled...

Question 13

One of the two assisted cough techniques is:&#10;A) intrathoracic assisted.&#10;B) self-assisted.&#10;C) manually assisted.&#10;D) intraabdominal assisted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the two assisted cough techniques...

Question 14

Three self-assisted techniques are:&#10;A) prone on elbows head flection, long sitting, and hands-and-knees rocking.&#10;B) costophrenic, intraabdominal, and prone on elbows head flection.&#10;C) long-sitting, hands-and-knees rocking, and costophrenic.&#10;D) intraabdominal, hands-and-knees rocking, hands-and-knees rocking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three self-assisted techniques are:&#10;A) prone on elbows...

Question 15

Patients with emphysema have overdistended lungs and:&#10;A) difficulty in exhalation.&#10;B) difficulty in inhalation.&#10;C) difficulty in mobilization.&#10;D) difficulty clearing their airway.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients with emphysema have overdistended lungs and:&#10;A)...

Question 16

If the patient inspires adequately,he or she should be able to sustain:&#10;A) five to 10 coughs per inhalatory effort.&#10;B) two to six coughs per inhalatory effort.&#10;C) two to six coughs per expiratory effort.&#10;D) five to 10 coughs per expiratory effort.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the patient inspires adequately,he or she...

Question 17

For both assisted and self-assisted coughs,initial positioning and ventilator strategies are of utmost importance to the:&#10;A) success of insufflation technique.&#10;B) success of exsufflation technique.&#10;C) success of the airway clearance technique.&#10;D) success of upper respiratory therapies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For both assisted and self-assisted coughs,initial positioning...

Question 18

A clinician may pick a modified sitting position for a patient with:&#10;A) a neurologic disorder.&#10;B) generalized weakness.&#10;C) musculoskeletal dysfunction.&#10;D) generalized numbness of the extremities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A clinician may pick a modified sitting...

Question 19

Speech and language pathologists work with patients who have swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia)by:&#10;A) helping them to learn techniques and procedures for safe swallowing.&#10;B) helping them to learn proper breathing techniques to aid in swallowing.&#10;C) helping them to learn proper airway clearing techniques to aid in swallowing.&#10;D) working in conjunction with a physical therapist on a treatment plan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speech and language pathologists work with patients...

Question 20

Patients with asthma and emphysema tend to go into an expiratory wheeze when they:&#10;A) overexert themselves.&#10;B) are in a prone position for too long.&#10;C) force and prolong exhalation.&#10;D) force and prolong inhalation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patients with asthma and emphysema tend to...

Deck 22: Facilitating Airway Clearance With Coughing Techniques