Question 1

Although the improvements in increasing VO&#8322; max in elderly people are not clear,which of one the following is consistent?&#10;A) Improvement in thoracic mobility leading to better O&#8322; saturation with lung expansion&#10;B) Greater extraction of oxygen caused by wider arteriovenous oxygen content&#10;C) Decreases in O&#8322; demands in the peripheral muscles&#10;D) An increase in maximum heart rate

Accepted Answer

Maximum heat rate does not increase with age,nor does the mobility of the thorax.One consistent finding in the research is the greater extraction of O₂ in the skeletal muscles in response to endurance training.

Question 2

The increase in the work of breathing becomes greater as most people age.For a 70-year-old man,what is the percentage of the total oxygen consumption needed for the respiratory muscles?&#10;A) 5% to 7%&#10;B) 10% to 12%&#10;C) 8% to 15%&#10;D) 10% to 20%

Accepted Answer

The expiratory muscles perform the increase in work needed to expand the rib cage.Because of the increased work of the muscles,there is an increase in O₂ demand.

Question 3

According to the research in this chapter,exercise-trained men have a greater chance of which of the following whereas women do not see the same changes?&#10;A) Stroke volume&#10;B) Decrease in end-systolic volume&#10;C) Greater left ventricular wall mass&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Research has shown men participating in exercise training have increases in cardiac output (Stroke volume x Heart rate),better ejection fractions,and more mass in the heart wall of the ventricles.Women have not been observed to have these changes.

Question 4

Physical therapists working with elderly adults may be more interested in the responses of frail or sick patients rather than a healthy patient the same age because of which of the following?&#10;A) This is the patient population referred to therapy.&#10;B) Healthier people tend to be more active able to function without assistance.&#10;C) The sedentary lifestyle of many older adults results in disuse and often a decline in function.&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Active healthy people often maintain their function better than those who are sedentary.Physical therapists usually have a patient population that has deficits in function for one reason or another.Healthy people are referred to therapy; however,this population is significantly less than those with some health issue.

Question 5

Improvements in ventilatory efficiency after an aerobic training program are often attributable to which of the following factors?&#10;A) Improved gas exchange in the lungs&#10;B) Improved efficiency in the periphery&#10;C) A decrease in O&#8322; consumption by cells in the muscle tissue&#10;D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Research has indicated that here are decreases in minute ventilation,which produce less CO₂,decreases in submaximal minute ventilation,and blood lactate levels.

Question 6

Diastolic changes to the heart that occur with aging include which of the following?&#10;A) Prolonged myocardial relaxation&#10;B) Decreases in filling pressures of older men with increased age&#10;C) Increases in peak left ventricular diastolic filling rate in older men&#10;D) Decreases in ventricular stiffness.

Accepted Answer

As men age,there is an increase in filling pressures with increased age,a decrease in peak left ventricular diastolic filling rate in older men,and an increase in ventricular stiffness,although there is limited evidence of this in humans.Prolonged myocardial relaxation is a consistent factor found in elderly men and women.

Question 7

Increases in functional capacity are seen in young elderly patients who demonstrated which of the following variables?&#10;A) Were younger in age&#10;B) Had a shorter length of training&#10;C) Started with a lower VO&#8322; max before training&#10;D) Had a shorter duration of training sessions

Accepted Answer

Patients who were older,had shorter durations and lengths of training sessions,and started with a lower level of VO₂ max did not show as great of improvements in the meta-analysis of endurance training.

Question 8

The limited data available in aging populations may not provide an accurate description of the entire population in this age group because which of the following?&#10;A) The studies are limited to people younger than the age of 65 years.&#10;B) The studies are limited to mainly one sex.&#10;C) The studies are limited to individuals who are healthy.&#10;D) The studies are limited to those who exercise regularly.

Accepted Answer

Most of the studies used only men in their subject populations.Other factors to consider include the increased incidence of disease and illness in patients who are older.Cardiovascular disease and serious illnesses are far more common the older the population becomes.

Question 9

Elastic recoil of the lungs is dependent on which of the following factors as most people age?&#10;A) The amount of type II collagen present&#10;B) The amount of elastin present&#10;C) The structure of the connective tissue&#10;D) The strength of the respiratory muscles

Accepted Answer

Elastic recoil of the lungs depends of three factors,including the structure of the connective tissue,the alveolar surface tension produced by the surfactant,and the composition of the connective tissue.

Question 10

The decrease in VO&#8322; max is approximately what percent per decade for men and women?&#10;A) 5%&#10;B) 10%&#10;C) 15%&#10;D) 20%

Accepted Answer

VO₂ max declines at the rate of 0.4 to 0.5 mL/kg/min per year in men and 0.2 to 0.35 mL/kg/min per year in women.The decline is faster in men; however,men start with a larger aerobic capacity than women.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a suspected mechanism of VO&#8322; max reduction?&#10;A) Decrease in maximum heart rate&#10;B) Decrease in cardiac output&#10;C) Decrease in blood pressure&#10;D) Decrease in stroke volume

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 12

Cardiac output is the product what two factors?&#10;A) Heart rate and blood pressure&#10;B) Stroke volume and O&#8322; blood gas extraction&#10;C) Gas exchange rate and blood pressure&#10;D) Heart rate and stroke volume

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cardiac output is the product what two...

Question 13

Telomere length relates to which of the following?&#10;A) The ability of cells to lengthen during exercise&#10;B) The ability of the cells recoil after initial stretch&#10;C) The ability of cells to replicate&#10;D) The ability of cells to repair themselves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Telomere length relates to which of the...

Question 14

Postural hypotension occurs in elder patients when positions are quickly changed.This complaint of dizziness is important to physical therapists because of which of the following?&#10;A) There is a potential for risk of falls.&#10;B) There is less likelihood of stroke with decreases in blood pressure.&#10;C) There is better response to exercise with lower blood pressure.&#10;D) This is a poor indicator in the patient's willingness to participate in therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Postural hypotension occurs in elder patients when...

Question 15

Chest wall stiffness comes with many related factors,which include all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) a decrease in intervertebral disk height.&#10;B) an increase in medial to lateral chest width.&#10;C) changes in the rib to vertebrae articulations.&#10;D) costal cartilage calcification.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chest wall stiffness comes with many related...

Deck 38: The Aging Patient