Deck 6: Work Motivation

Question 1

Physiological needs such as water and food are the most basic need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The concept of prepotency has been questioned by many researchers.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

There are ten levels of needs in Maslow's hierarch of needs theory.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Maslow's need hierarchy, Alderfer's ERG theory, McClelland's need theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory are all process theories of motivation.

Question 5

Most theories of motivation can be separated into two groups.

Question 6

Although the need hierarchy theory has many weaknesses, it is historically important because it focused attention on people's esteem and self-actualization needs.

Question 7

The hierarchy of needs theory was proposed by Abraham Maslow.

Question 8

Motivation refers to forces coming from within a person that account for the willful direction, intensity, and persistence of the person's efforts toward achieving specific goals.

Question 9

Money and financial rewards may also help satisfy esteem needs, because they provide signals of people's "worth" to the organization.

Question 10

The need hierarchy theory has been well supported by empirical research.

Question 11

Employees who work at W.L. Gore & Associates must tolerate a certain amount of ambiguity and must thrive in autonomous settings.

Question 12

Environmental factors rarely play a role in employee performance.

Question 13

A person's level of performance is a function of cognition and ability.

Question 14

Most people in the U.S. have satisfied their basic needs.

Question 15

Theories of motivation can be separated into three groups: content theories, process theories and cognitive theories.

Question 16

The highest possible need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is esteem needs.

Question 17

Maslow's needs theory is one of the most popular motivation theories.

Question 18

A prepotent need is one that predominates over other needs.

Question 19

There are four content theories of motivation.

Question 20

W.L. Gore has adopted a general strategy of differentiation based on innovation and creativity.

Question 21

The ERG theory is similar to Maslow's theory in that it proposes needs categories.

Question 22

It is possible to train adults to increase their need for achievement.

Question 23

The ERG theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer.

Question 24

The ERG theory proposes: relatedness needs, growth needs and existential needs.

Question 25

McClelland's Theory focuses on three needs.

Question 26

People with a high need for achievement do not like to set their own goals.

Question 27

The ERG theory proposes five categories of needs.

Question 28

The three needs in McClelland's Theory are: achievement, affluence and power.

Question 29

People with high achievement needs may react negatively to a work environment that lacks clear pathways to success.

Question 30

The ERG theory has less research support than Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Question 31

The idea of prepotency is not fixed in ERG theory.

Question 32

In general, the ERG theory may be viewed as a refinement of the need hierarchy theory.

Question 33

The Need for Achievement was defined by McClelland as a "desire to perform well against a standard of excellence."

Question 34

The needs in McClelland's Theory are viewed as independent.

Question 35

Within the ERG theory there is the possibility that a need may never cease to be a motivator, unlike Maslow's theory.

Question 36

Some researchers consider the achievement motive to be a component of self-actualization.

Question 37

David Mason developed a theory focused on the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power. .

Question 38

The ERG theory was developed by Abraham Maslow.

Question 39

Out of all of the three needs in McClelland's Theory, the need for power has received the most attention from researchers.

Question 40

The ERG theory proposes the idea of the frustration-regression process.

Question 41

The two-factor theory recognizes two sets of rewards: job satisfaction and those related to job dissatisfaction.

Question 42

Herzberg's research has helped current managers understand that hygiene factors are more important than motivators.

Question 43

The two-factor theory is also referred to as the bi-factor theory.

Question 44

Research has generally supported Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Question 45

People high in the need for personal power desire to influence others for their own personal gain.

Question 46

People with a high need for affiliation tend to not make good managers.

Question 47

People with a high need for affiliation tend to make good managers because of the importance they place on initiating and maintaining personal relationships.

Question 48

Achievement and recognition are satisfiers.

Question 49

People with a high need for affiliation have a strong desire to be liked.

Question 50

Factors related to dissatisfaction, according to the Two-Factor Theory are called hygiene factors.

Question 51

Herzberg's work helped launch the current focus on enriched jobs.

Question 52

The need for power can be defined as the desire to influence people and events.

Question 53

Hygiene factors include: challenging work and potential for personal growth.

Question 54

A strong achievement need can set the stage for shortcuts and illicit actions.

Question 55

People high in the need for institutional power want to influence others for selfish reasons.

Question 56

The process theories of motivation generally focus on the cognitive processes in which people engage to influence the direction of their behavior.

Question 57

An example of a satisfier is challenging work and responsibility.

Question 58

The two-factor theory states that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are independent states.

Question 59

The factors related to job satisfaction have been called satisfiers or motivators.

Question 60

The two-factor theory is based on the work of Frederick Herzberg.

Question 61

_______developed the needs hierarchy.

Question 62

Herzberg developed the expectancy theory.

Question 63

There are _______content theories of motivation.

Question 64

The most basic level of need in the needs hierarchy is____.

Question 65

There are _____ categories of needs in the needs hierarchy.

Question 66

Performance is a function of ________ and __________.

Question 67

Most of the motivation theories can be separated in two categories of theories, theories concerned with _________ and theories concerned with_________.

Question 68

The Goal-Setting theory was developed by Edwin Locke and posits that goals enhance human performance because they direct attention and affect effort and persistence.

Question 69

Expectancy theory suggests that an individual's motivation is a function of expectations and judgments related to potential performance, outcomes, and the value of those outcomes.

Question 70

________refers to forces coming from within a person that account for the willful direction of the person's efforts toward achieving specific goals.

Question 71

Culturally, _______principles govern the behavior of individuals within W.L. Gore & Associates

Question 72

Having little flexibility with financial rewards is a problem managers face in trying to tie rewards to performance

Question 73

Perceptions of inequity often are defined in terms of distributive justice.

Question 74

Organizations use goal setting to motivate associates because having goals often helps to align individual motives with organizational goals.

Question 75

One of the guidelines for providing effective feedback to employees, is that the feedback should focus on the person, not the performance.

Question 76

The first process theory to recognize the effects of multiple sources of motivation was the expectancy theory.

Question 77

One of the most popular motivation theories is the _____.

Question 78

W.L Gore & Associates has the goal of _________fairness.

Question 79

Two reasons tying rewards to performance can be difficult is because performance can be difficult to measure and managers don't always want to give employees raises.

Question 80

________factors can play a role in work performance.