Deck 9: Image Quality and Characteristics

Question 1

Who evaluates the overall brightness or density on the image to determine if it is sufficient to visualize the anatomic area of interest?

A)Patient.
B)Radiologist.
C)Supervisor.
D)Radiographer.

Answer 1

Radiographer.

Question 2

The absorption characteristics of anatomic tissue radiographed and the quality of the x-ray beam refers to

A)differential attenuation
B)subject density
C)subject contrast
D)image sharpness

Answer 2

subject contrast

Question 3

Which of the following contribute to subject contrast?

A)Differences in tissue thickness.
B)Differences in tissue density.
C)Effective atomic number.
D)All of the above.

Answer 3

All of the above.

Question 4

Resolution is typically measured in

A)line pairs per millimeter
B)line pairs per meter
C)line pairs per inch
D)line pairs per foot

Question 5

To measure resolution,a ______________ is necessary.

A)sensitometer
B)densitometer
C)resolution test pattern
D)resolution camera

Question 6

The smallest object that can be detected in a digital image is

A)matrix resolution
B)object-to-image receptor distance (OID)
C)contrast resolution
D)spatial resolution

Question 7

The range of brightness levels is a result of the tissues'

A)differential attenuation
B)differential contrast
C)differential detail
D)all of the above

Question 8

The distinctness or sharpness of structural lines that make up the recorded film-screen image is

A)recorded detail
B)OID
C)contrast resolution
D)matrix resolution

Question 9

Visibility of the anatomic structures is accomplished by balancing

A)brightness
B)density
C)contrast
D)all of the above

Question 10

The ability of the imaging system to distinguish between two structures is

A)latitude
B)resolution
C)contrast
D)distortion

Question 11

If there were no contrast in a radiograph,the image would include

A)only the same shade of gray
B)black and white
C)light gray and dark gray
D)black and light gray

Question 12

When different tissues in the area being imaged have different absorption characteristics

A)there will not be any differing brightness levels or contrast
B)there will be differing brightness levels or contrast
C)there will not be any radiographic density
D)B and C

Question 13

The overall quality of the radiographic image is determined by

A)sharpness
B)visibility of anatomic structures
C)accuracy of structural lines
D)all of the above

Question 14

A radiograph that has densities that are very similar to each other

A)has high contrast
B)has low contrast
C)has long-scale contrast
D)B and C

Question 15

With film-screen,the overall blackness produced on the processed image is

A)a property of sharpness
B)a property of visibility
C)density
D)contrast
E)B and C
F)B and D

Question 16

A radiograph that has densities that are very different from each other

A)has high contrast
B)has low contrast
C)has long-scale contrast
D)B and C

Question 17

A radiograph that is too light has ________________ to visualize the anatomic structures.

A)excessive brightness
B)excessive density
C)insufficient density
D)A and B
E)A and C

Question 18

A line pair is made up of

A)a line
B)two lines
C)a space
D)A and C

Question 19

Radiographic contrast

A)produces sharper structural lines in the image
B)improves the magnification of the image
C)allows visibility of anatomic structures
D)A and C

Question 20

The degree of difference between adjacent densities or brightness levels is called

A)density
B)detail
C)contrast
D)magnification

Question 21

The image of a gold necklace in the area of interest appears light or bright.This is a ________________ artifact.

A)plus-density
B)minus-density
C)it depends on the anatomy being imaged
D)none of the above

Question 22

Which of the following combinations would result in an image with the least amount of magnification?

A)Decreased OID and decreased source-to-image receptor distance (SID).
B)Decreased OID and increased SID.
C)Increased OID and decreased SID.
D)Increased OID and increased SId.

Question 23

When the image of a structure appears longer than the actual structure,there is

A)size distortion
B)foreshortening
C)magnification
D)elongation

Question 24

An imaging system that can resolve a greater number of line pairs within 1 mm is said to have ___________________.

A)improved sharpness
B)decreased sharpness
C)improved brightness/density
D)decreased brightness/density

Question 25

Quantum noise is a result of

A)too few x-ray photons reaching the image receptor
B)too many x-ray photons reaching the image receptor
C)x-rays with energy that is too high reaching the image receptor
D)A and C

Question 26

What term is used when referring to noise on a film image?

A)Quantum mottle.
B)Contrast mottle.
C)Spatial noise.
D)Acoustic noise.

Question 27

Size distortion is also called

A)elongation
B)magnification
C)shape distortion
D)foreshortening

Question 28

An artifact

A)includes over- and underexposure of the image
B)is always due to items imaged that are not part of the anatomy (such as necklaces that were not removed)
C)is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph
D)none of the above

Question 29

An increase in the image size of an object compared with its true,or actual,size,is called

A)size distortion
B)shape distortion
C)sharpness distortion
D)A and C

Question 30

The range of exposure intensities an image receptor can detect is

A)density
B)contrast
C)speed
D)dynamic range

Question 31

Scatter radiation

A)is the result of photoelectric interactions
B)decreases the visibility of anatomic structures
C)results in higher radiographic contrast
D)A and B

Question 32

Which of the following systems has the largest dynamic range?

A)Slow-speed film-screen imaging.
B)Low-contrast film-screen imaging.
C)High-speed film-screen imaging.
D)Digital imaging.

Question 33

Objects that are being imaged can be misrepresented radiographically by distortion of their shape.This is called

A)size distortion
B)shape distortion
C)sharpness distortion
D)A and C

Question 34

An artifact that is imaged within the patient's body is a

A)anatomic anomaly
B)foreign body
C)double exposure
D)none of the above

Question 35

The radiographic misrepresentation of either the size (magnification)or the shape of the anatomic part is called

A)density
B)contrast
C)sharpness
D)distortion

Question 36

When the image of a structure appears shorter than the actual structure there is

A)size distortion
B)elongation
C)magnification
D)shape distortion

Question 37

In order to preserve the true shape of the part in the image,what three factors should be properly aligned? 1.X-ray tube.
2)Image receptor.
3)Object-to-image distance.
4)Anatomic part.

A)1,2,and 3.
B)1,3,and 4.
C)2,3,and 4.
D)1,2,and 4.

Question 38

Brightness or density fluctuation on the image is called

A)brightness
B)contrast resolution
C)spatial resolution
D)quantum noise

Question 39

Shape distortion is caused by

A)increasing the OID
B)angling the x-ray tube
C)angling the patient
D)B and C

Question 40

Failure to remove jewelry from the area being imaged results in

A)a film-screen image artifact
B)a digital image artifact
C)a film-screen image and digital image artifact

Question 41

The combination of rows and columns that make up the digital image is the

A)matrix
B)FOV
C)pixel
D)bit depth

Question 42

How many pixels does a 600 × 600 matrix have?

A)600
B)1200
C)3600
D)360,000

Question 43

The ability to distinguish between structures that attenuate the x-ray beam similarly is

A)brightness
B)contrast resolution
C)spatial resolution
D)noise

Question 44

The number of pixels per unit area is

A)grayscale
B)pixel pitch
C)pixel density
D)contrast resolution

Question 45

The number of bits that determine the gray level that can be assigned to a pixel is the

A)matrix
B)FOV
C)pixel
D)bit depth

Question 46

The control that adjusts the contrast by adjusting the visible range of densities on the image is the

A)window level
B)window width
C)window pane
D)all of the above

Question 47

The advantage of having a larger bit depth is that

A)a larger part can be imaged
B)more shades of gray can be assigned to the pixel
C)the image has improved contrast resolution
D)B and C

Question 48

The anatomic area being imaged is the

A)matrix
B)FOV
C)pixel
D)bit depth

Question 49

Increasing visibility of darker anatomic regions is accomplished by

A)raising the window level
B)lowering the window level
C)increasing the window width
D)decreasing the window width

Question 50

Making the digital image appear with high contrast,more black and white,is done by

A)raising the window level
B)lowering the window level
C)increasing the window width (wide WW)
D)decreasing the window width (narrow WW)

Question 51

Increasing the overall brightness of the digital image is accomplished by

A)raising the window level
B)lowering the window level
C)increasing the window width
D)decreasing the window width

Question 52

The amount of light emitted from the display monitor is

A)brightness
B)contrast resolution
C)spatial resolution
D)noise

Question 53

Digital image receptors

A)produce images that are often repeated due to over- or underexposure
B)have a narrow dynamic range
C)produce images that are able to simultaneously demonstrate both bone and soft tissue structures
D)none of the above

Question 54

Bit depth is determined by the

A)FOV
B)computer memory
C)analog-to-digital converter
D)amount of remnant radiation

Question 55

The smallest component of the digital image matrix is the

A)matrix
B)FOV
C)pixel
D)bit depth

Question 56

Which of the following provides a numeric value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital image receptor?

A)Brightness.
B)Contrast resolution.
C)Exposure indicator.
D)Noise.

Question 57

The midpoint of the range of densities visible on the digital image is determined by

A)window level
B)window width
C)window pane
D)all of the above

Question 58

Making the digital image appear with low contrast,with many shades of gray,is done by

A)raising the window level
B)lowering the window level
C)increasing the window width (wide WW)
D)decreasing the window width (narrow WW)

Question 59

The number of shades of gray that can be stored and displayed by a computer system is

A)grayscale
B)pixel pitch
C)pixel density
D)contrast resolution

Question 60

Which of the following matrices results in a digital image with the best image quality?

A)200 × 200
B)600 × 600
C)1024 × 1024
D)2048 × 2048

Question 61

Density on the film-screen image is due to small deposits of ___________ in the processed film.

A)black metallic lead
B)bright metallic gold
C)black metallic silver
D)black metallic tungsten

Question 62

Optical density is a numerical calculation that represents a comparison of

A)light entering an area on the film
B)light leaving an area on the film
C)the amount of energy needed to create the film image
D)A and B
E)A and C

Question 63

What is the inverse of 50% transmittance?

A)2
B)5
C)20
D)50

Question 64

A film with too much density

A)was exposed to too much light or radiation
B)has too much black metallic silver
C)will not make the anatomy visible
D)all of the above

Question 65

If 1000 light photons enter a film and 200 photons exit the same area,the percent transmittance is

A)5%
B)10%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 66

With film-screen imaging,the optical densities

A)can be altered only after processing using the computer
B)cannot be altered after processing
C)can be altered only once after processing;after that,they are permanent
D)can only be increased after processing

Question 67

The range of densities visible defines

A)density
B)high contrast
C)short-scale contrast
D)scale of contrast

Question 68

The distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the one next to it is

A)grayscale
B)pixel pitch
C)pixel density
D)contrast resolution

Question 69

In film-screen imaging,reducing the number of x-ray photons reaching the image receptor results in an image with

A)a decreased percent of transmittance
B)an increased percent of transmittance
C)a higher optical density
D)none of the above

Question 70

Increasing exposure intensity results in

A)more black metallic silver
B)less black metallic silver
C)more optical density
D)A and C
E)B and C

Question 71

If 1000 light photons enter the film and 500 exit,what is the optical density?

A)0.02
B)0.3
C)2
D)50

Question 72

If 10,000 light photons enter the film and only 10 exit,what is the optical density?

A)0.0
B)0.1
C)2
D)3

Question 73

If 6000 light photons enter a film and 1500 photons exit the same area,the percent transmittance is

A)4%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 74

__________ is defined as the log of the inverse of transmittance.

A)Brightness on a monitor
B)Optical density
C)Optical contrast
D)Optical sharpness

Question 75

Every ______ change in optical density corresponds to an increase or decrease in percent of light transmitted by a factor of 2.

A)0.2
B)0.3
C)2
D)3

Question 76

What is the inverse of 20% transmittance?

A)2
B)5
C)10
D)20

Question 77

The device to numerically determine the amount of radiographic density is a

A)silverometer
B)densitometer
C)sensitometer
D)thermometer

Question 78

The diagnostic range of optical densities for general radiography typically falls between

A)0.0 and 1 OD
B)0.2 and 3 OD
C)0.5 and 2 OD
D)0.5 and 3 OD

Question 79

A film that is too light has

A)too much density
B)too little density
C)too much black metallic silver
D)B and C

Question 80

Film is able to produce optical densities between

A)0.0 and 2 OD
B)0.0 and 3 OD
C)0.0 and 4 OD
D)0.0 and 5 OD