Deck 6: X-Ray Production

Question 1

Characteristic x-ray photons result:

A) when an outer-shell electron is knocked out
B) when an inner-shell electron is knocked out
C) when outer-shell electrons fill the vacancy in an inner shell
D) B and C

Answer 1

B and C

Question 2

To double the beam quantity:

A) halve the mAs
B) leave the mAs as is and reduce the kVp
C) double the mAs
D) increase the mAs by a factor of 4 (2²)

Answer 2

double the mAs

Question 3

If a filament electron enters the tungsten atom with 80 keV of energy and leaves the atom with 75 keV of energy:

A) the brems photon will be 75 keV
B) the brems photon will be 80 keV
C) the filament electron traveled very close to the nucleus
D) the filament electron traveled very far from the nucleus

Answer 3

the filament electron traveled very far from the nucleus

Question 4

Which of the following factors affect beam quantity?

A) kVp
B) distance
C) filtration
D) all of the above

Question 5

If kVp is doubled,the quantity of radiation increases by a factor of:

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 8

Question 6

During the bremsstrahlung interaction,the filament electron:

A) knocks out an inner-shell electron
B) knocks out an outer-shell electron
C) is absorbed by the nucleus
D) is attracted to the nucleus but not absorbed

Question 7

A filament electron removes a K-shell electron and an M-shell electron fills the vacancy.The K-shell binding energy is 69.5 keV and the M-shell binding energy is 2.8 keV.What is the energy of the K-characteristic photon produced?

A) 2.8 keV
B) 57.4 keV
C) 66.7 keV
D) 69.5 keV

Question 8

During x-ray production the electrons penetrate the target approximately:

A) 0.2 mm
B) 0.5 mm
C) 2 mm
D) 5 mm

Question 9

If the kVp is changed from 30 kVp to 90 kVp,the quantity of radiation in the beam increases by a factor of:

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9

Question 10

The energy of the brems photon depends on:

A) the original energy of the filament electron
B) the strength of the attraction between the electron and the nucleus
C) the energy of the filament electron as it leaves the tungsten atom
D) all of the above

Question 11

When a filament electron knocks out a K-shell electron from the tungsten atom,it leads to:

A) a brems x-ray photon
B) a 39.5 keV energy x-ray photon
C) a characteristic x-ray photon
D) none of the above

Question 12

Bremsstrahlung means

A) electron
B) x-ray production
C) braking
D) all of the above

Question 13

The total number of x-ray photons in a beam is referred to as the:

A) x-ray quality
B) x-ray number
C) x-ray quantity
D) x-ray beam

Question 14

Which of the following is the primary factor controlling quantity?

A) kVp
B) mAs
C) distance
D) filtration

Question 15

X-rays are produced by:

A) characteristic interactions
B) uncharacteristic interactions
C) bremsstrahlung interactions
D) A and C

Question 16

The average energy of a brems photon is ______ of the kVp selected.

A) 1/3
B) 1/2
C) 2/3
D) the same as that

Question 17

The process of a series of outer-shell electrons filling inner-shell vacancies right after the other is called:

A) characteristic tumble
B) characteristic x-rays
C) characteristic sequence
D) characteristic cascade

Question 18

If a filament electron leaves the tungsten atom with 15 keV of energy and the brems photon produced was 65 keV,how much energy did the incoming filament electron have?

A) 15 keV
B) 50 keV
C) 65 keV
D) 90 keV

Question 19

The majority of the x-ray photons produced are:

A) characteristic photons
B) brems photons
C) photons with energy higher than 70 keV
D) photons with energy higher than 80 keV

Question 20

The energy of the characteristic x-ray photon depends on:

A) the binding energy of the inner-shell electron
B) the energy level of the filament electron
C) the shell of the electron that is dropping into the vacancy
D) all of the above

Question 21

One HVL reduces the intensity of the x-ray beam to _______ of its original.

A) one fourth
B) one third
C) one half
D) two thirds

Question 22

If the distance is doubled,the quantity of radiation reaching a specific area is _________ the original:

A) double
B) quadruple
C) half
D) one fourth

Question 23

To increase the quantity of radiation by adjusting the kVp to the same level as doubling the mAs,increase kVp by a factor of:

A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 15%
D) 25%

Question 24

Half-value layer (HVL)is used to measure:

A) beam intensity
B) beam quantity
C) beam quality
D) all of the above

Question 25

The inverse square law describes the relationship between ____________ and beam intensity.

A) kVp
B) distance
C) exposure time

Question 26

Beam quality refers to:

A) the energy level of the radiation
B) the amount of radiation
C) how useful the radiation is
D) all of the above

Question 27

Filtration placed in the path of the x-ray beam:

A) absorbs low-energy photons
B) absorbs high-energy photons
C) increases patient dose
D) reduces the quantity of radiation by a factor of 2

Question 28

Placing filtration in the path of the beam results in:

A) a harder beam
B) a softer beam
C) more x-ray photons
D) a sharper image

Question 29

A higher energy beam is said to be:

A) soft
B) hard
C) weak
D) powerful

Question 30

The primary controlling factor for beam quality is:

A) mAs
B) kVp
C) distance
D) filtration

Question 31

As the kVp increases:

A) beam energy decreases
B) beam energy increases
C) beam penetrability increases
D) B and C

Question 32

If the distance is changed from 72 inches to 36 inches and the original beam intensity was 200 mR,what is the new intensity?

A) 50 mR
B) 100 mR
C) 400 mR
D) 800 mR

Question 33

Which of the following results in the equivalent of doubling the mAs if the original kVp is 80?

A) 85 kVp
B) 92 kVp
C) 120 kVp
D) 160 kVp

Question 34

To produce a radiographic image,it is necessary that:

A) some photons penetrate the body
B) some photons do not penetrate the body
C) all photons penetrate the body
D) A and B

Question 35

Normal HVL of diagnostic x-ray beams is:

A) 1-2 mm Al
B) 3-5 mm Al
C) 6-10 mm Al
D) 15-25 mm Al

Question 36

It is recommended that kVp not be used to control beam quantity because:

A) it affects scatter production
B) it affects penetrability of the beam
C) it is less predictable in how changing the kVp affects the image
D) all of the above

Question 37

The purpose of beam filtration is to:

A) control beam quantity
B) reduce patient dose
C) reduce the wear and tear on the tube
D) all of the above

Question 38

As the distance increases,the beam quantity reaching a specific area:

A) increases
B) decreases
C) stays the same
D) doubles

Question 39

If the intensity of the beam is 900 mR at a distance of 21 inches,what does the distance need to be for the intensity to measure 100 mR?

A) 7 inches
B) 10.5 inches
C) 42 inches
D) 63 inches

Question 40

How many HVLs are needed to reduce beam intensity from 600 mR to 300 mR?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 41

Changing from a high-frequency generator to a single-phase generator results in the x-ray emission spectrum:

A) changing along the x-axis
B) changing along the y-axis
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 42

The remnant radiation that did have an interaction with an anatomic structure is:

A) primary radiation
B) filtered radiation
C) transmitted radiation
D) scattered radiation

Question 43

A continuous emission spectrum is a graphic representation of:

A) characteristic radiation
B) bremsstrahlung radiation
C) remnant radiation
D) A and B

Question 44

The y-axis for all emission spectra represents the:

A) energy level of the photons
B) number of photons
C) HVL of the photons
D) penetrability of the radiation

Question 45

Changes along the x-axis of the x-ray emission spectrum reflect changes in the _________________ of the x-ray beam,whereas changes along the y-axis reflect changes in the ___________________ of the beam.

A) quality;quantity
B) quantity;quality
C) quantity;quantity
D) quality;quality

Question 46

The x-ray emission spectrum is a graphic illustration of:

A) characteristic radiation
B) bremsstrahlung radiation
C) remnant radiation
D) A and B

Question 47

The remnant radiation that did not interact with any anatomic structures is:

A) primary radiation
B) secondary radiation
C) transmitted radiation
D) scattered radiation

Question 48

L-characteristic and higher photon energies are not usually displayed on a discrete emission spectrum because:

A) there are no photons produced at those levels
B) the energies of the photons produced are too high for image production
C) the energies of the photons produced are too low for image formation
D) none of the above;these photon energies are displayed

Question 49

Increasing the kVp

A) an increase along the x-axis
B) a shift to the right along the y-axis
C) a shift to the left along the y-axis
D) A and B

Question 50

The discrete emission spectrum typically displays:

A) K-characteristic photon energies
B) L-characteristic photon energies
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 51

For a tungsten target,the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum is approximately:

A) 59 keV
B) 69 keV
C) 79 keV
D) 89 keV

Question 52

With the x-ray emission spectrum,the discrete line is the highest energy ___________________ bar.

A) J-characteristic
B) K-characteristic
C) L-characteristic
D) M-characteristic

Question 53

Adding filtration in the path of the beam results in the x-ray emission spectrum:

A) changing along the x-axis
B) changing along the y-axis
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 54

The x-axis for all emission spectra represents the:

A) energy level of the photons
B) number of photons
C) HVL of the photons
D) amount of transmitted radiation

Question 55

The beam that is found leaving the collimator is called the:

A) collimator beam
B) remnant beam
C) primary beam
D) transmitted beam

Question 56

With a 75-kVp exposure,the peak of the curve on the continuous emission spectrum is approximately:

A) 25 keV
B) 50 keV
C) 75 keV
D) 150 keV

Question 57

A discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of:

A) characteristic radiation
B) bremsstrahlung radiation
C) remnant radiation
D) A and B

Question 58

With a 75-kVp exposure,the energy of the photons displayed on the continuous emission spectrum can range from just above 0 to:

A) 25 keV
B) 50 keV
C) 75 keV
D) 150 keV

Question 59

The x-ray beam found after leaving the patient is called the:

A) remnant beam
B) primary beam
C) patient beam
D) none of the above

Question 60

Decreasing the mA results in:

A) a shift to the right along the x-axis
B) a shift to the left along the x-axis
C) an increase along the y-axis
D) a decrease along the y-axis

Question 61

Generally speaking,an increase in the quantity of radiation results in decreased patient dose.

Question 62

Changing the ___________________ results in changes to the x-axis,y-axis,and location of the discrete line of the x-ray emission spectrum.

A) kVp
B) mAs
C) target material
D) distance

Question 63

When the kVp is changed from 60 to 120,the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum shifts to the right.

Question 64

A 65-keV filament electron is not able to produce characteristic radiation.

Question 65

When 65 kVp is set on the operating console,no K-characteristic radiation is produced.

Question 66

HVL is described as a certain amount of tungsten or its equivalent that will reduce beam intensity by one half.

Question 67

The discrete emission spectrum is limited to a few specific values.

Question 68

The stronger the attraction between the filament electron and the nucleus,the less energy the brems photon has.