Deck 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece

Question 1

Aristotle considered the middle class to be the most stable because it possessed the quality of ________,which gave power to neither the rich nor the poor.

A)compassion
B)moderate wealth
C)competition
D)industry

Answer 1

moderate wealth

Question 2

After divorcing his first wife,Pericles entered into a liaison with a female companion from Miletus named ________.

A)Khloe
B)Demeter
C)Ourania
D)Aspasia

Answer 2

Aspasia

Question 3

In 338 b.c.e. ,Philip of Macedon called a meeting of the Greek states to form the ________.

A)League of Delphi
B)Delian League
C)League of Corinth
D)Macedonian League

Answer 3

League of Corinth

Question 4

The Athenian response to the 465 b.c.e.rebellion on the island of ________ proved to be the first significant step in the Delian League's evolution into the Athenian Empire.

A)Crete
B)Rhodes
C)Cythera
D)Thasos

Question 5

Considered "the father of history," ________ was the first to attempt to explain human actions in history and to draw instruction from them.

A)Thucydides
B)Croesus
C)Anaxagoras
D)Herodotus

Question 6

In the fifth century b.c.e. ,________ were the leading naval power in Greece.

A)Thessalians
B)Spartans
C)Peloponnesians
D)Athenians

Question 7

________ felt that moral and political reform was the solution to internal stress,class struggle,and to repairing the factional division of the polis.

A)Euripides
B)Plato
C)Socrates
D)Aristotle

Question 8

In 422 b.c.e. ,Cleon,the leader of Athens,and Brasidas,the leader of Sparta,both died in battle,leading the way to the ________.

A)Peloponnesian War
B)Corinthian War
C)Theban War
D)Peace of Nicias

Question 9

Pericles proposed a law introducing compensation pay for ________,opening that important duty to the poor.

A)jury members
B)teachers
C)sailors
D)soldiers

Question 10

When Alexander the Great conquered ________ in 333 b.c.e. ,he was greeted there as a liberator.

A)Egypt
B)Syria
C)Tyre
D)Sidon

Question 11

The acquisition of the Greek state of ________ by Philip of Macedon gave him control of gold and silver mines and allowed him to undermine Athenian control of the northern Aegean.

A)Amphipolis
B)Thasos
C)Lemnos
D)Lesbos

Question 12

The ________ brought an end to Sparta's expansion in Asia and caused the eventual destruction of its maritime empire.

A)Peloponnesian War
B)Corinthian War
C)Theban War
D)Punic War

Question 13

Evidence leads historians to believe that the prime responsibility of a respectable Athenian woman was to ________.

A)hold public office
B)take part in political assemblies
C)produce male heirs for the oikos,or household,of her husband
D)take an active part in public life

Question 14

In 399 b.c.e. ,an Athenian jury condemned ________ to death on the charges of bringing new gods into the city and of corrupting the youth.

A)Euripides
B)Plato
C)Socrates
D)Aristotle

Question 15

________ studied marine biology,which played a large part in his thinking.

A)Euripides
B)Plato
C)Socrates
D)Aristotle

Question 16

What is the name given to the protracted struggle between Athens and Sparta?

A)the Thirty Years' War
B)the Peloponnesian Wars
C)the Aegean Wars
D)the Punic Wars

Question 17

A literary genre called ________ presented a comic-realistic depiction of daily life,turning the attention away from the weakened structure of the polis.

A)Middle Comedy
B)Old Comedy
C)epic poetry
D)lyric poetry

Question 18

In the Athenian democracy,the people had to approve ________.

A)some decisions about trade
B)most decisions about land ownership
C)most decisions about compensation for representatives
D)all decisions of the state

Question 19

King Philip II of Macedon took advantage of his appointment as regent to become king by ________.

A)overthrowing his infant nephew
B)making promises of future power to the nobility
C)receiving support from the surrounding aristocracy
D)making deals with the city managers to pressure the throne

Question 20

The Great Peloponnesian War was ignited by a civil war in the Corcyraean colony at ________.

A)Epidamnus
B)Laconia
C)Apollonia
D)Hydrantum

Question 21

What new city in Egypt was the center of literary production in the third and second centuries b.c.e.

A)Athens
B)Piraeus
C)Babylon
D)Alexandria

Question 22

According to Empedocles,what two primary forces move the four basic elements,fire,water,earth,and air that compose our universe?

A)love and strife
B)gods and magic
C)chaos and order
D)humans and gods

Question 23

Greek religion emphasized ________.

A)moral conduct and orthodox belief
B)the faithful practice of rituals
C)faith above patriotism and good citizenship
D)the role of each individual in achieving salvation

Question 24

Unlike earlier times,when independent men owned and worked relatively small and equal lots of the polis,the ________ were reduced to subordinate,dependent peasant status.

A)urban Greeks
B)Macedonians
C)statesmen
D)Hellenistic farmers

Question 25

After Cimon's ostracism in the spring of 461 b.c.e. ,Athens made an alliance with the city-state of ________,Sparta's traditional enemy.

A)Argos
B)Macedonia
C)Boeotia
D)Megara

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the military strategy employed by the Spartans?

A)attack Athens by sea at strategic port cities
B)use diplomatic means to win over the support of Athenian allies
C)use a powerful navy to engage Athens in a major naval battle
D)invade,threaten crops,and force the enemy to defend them

Question 27

Epicureans believed that falling ________ swerved in unpredictable ways to produce the things seen in the world.

A)atoms
B)rocks
C)gravel
D)meteors

Question 28

Dramatists such as Aeschylus and Sophocles are considered prime examples of what genre of Greek writing?

A)drama
B)Old Comedy
C)tragedy
D)New Comedy

Question 29

The disastrous Great Peloponnesian War was ignited in 435 b.c.e. ,ten years after the Thirty Years' Peace of 445 b.c.e. ,because of a dispute between ________.

A)Mycale and Corcyra
B)Corcyra and Corinth
C)Corinth and Sparta
D)Sparta and Plataea

Question 30

The architecture of Periclean Athens emphasized ________.

A)Athenian glory
B)lightness and subtlety
C)military and naval power
D)function over form

Question 31

By the spring of 324 b.c.e. ,Alexander's army was back at the Persian Gulf and celebrated in the Macedonian style,with ________.

A)competitive athletic games
B)chariot races
C)making sacrifices in thanks to the gods
D)a wild spree of drinking

Question 32

What best describes the relationship Athens had with Sparta under the rule of Cimon?

A)hostile
B)friendly
C)tense
D)indifferent

Question 33

It is apparent that the Greek thinkers of the fourth century b.c.e.knew they lived in a time of troubles by their ________.

A)harboring of family members
B)hoarding of huge amounts of money
C)demonstrations in public areas
D)new artistic trends

Question 34

A Hellenistic scientist named ________ was able to calculate the circumference of the earth within two hundred miles.

A)Eratosthenes
B)Thucydides
C)Hipparchus
D)Aristarchus

Question 35

After the collapse of the Athenian Empire,Sparta began to alienate some of its allies,such as Thebes and Corinth,by its ________.

A)refusal to include them in war revenues
B)increasingly arrogant policies
C)continual disputes about borders
D)refusal to send in post-war aid for reconstruction

Question 36

What was most significant about the hoplite class being made eligible for the archonship?

A)Noncitizens could finally assume positions of political power.
B)The move signaled that the office would be open to all Athenians.
C)It created a class-blind society.
D)It militarized Athenian society.

Question 37

After peace was achieved with Persia,why did the Athenians continue collecting funds from the Delian League members?

A)It was necessary as a means to secure the northern border.
B)The army needed to be rebuilt with an administrative center at Athens.
C)It was necessary to prevent an invasion by Persia.
D)It was necessary to maintain Athens's navy and rebuild temples.

Question 38

With regard to law,traditional Sophists argued that ________.

A)there is no identifiable conflict between nature and law
B)law is in accord with nature and is of divine origin
C)law is merely the result of convention
D)it is not possible to analyze human beliefs and institutions

Question 39

According to the citizenship bill introduced by Pericles,citizenship was limited to those who ________.

A)were willing to serve in the Athenian army
B)had at least one citizen parent
C)had been born within the empire's borders and could pass the civic exam
D)had two citizen parents

Question 40

The main purpose of the formation of the Delian League was to ________.

A)ensure the protection of southern city-states against Sparta
B)form a southern Greek army to fight the encroaching Macedonians
C)free the Greeks under Persian rule and protect against a Persian return
D)repair the breach with Sparta

Question 41

After Cimon rose to statesman,following the wars with Persia,he ________.

A)pursued a policy of aggressive attacks on Sparta
B)dominated Athenian politics for nearly two decades
C)failed to put down the rebellion of Thasos
D)created an autocracy to ensure absolute power

Question 42

When Darius of Persia made a peace offering to Alexander the Great of his entire empire west of the Euphrates River and his daughter to end the invasion,Alexander ________.

A)accepted the offer,ending the invasion
B)accepted Darius's daughter,but continued on with the invasion
C)accepted the empire west of the Euphrates,but continued the invasion
D)turned down the offer and continued the invasion

Question 43

A relative of Darius of Persia named Bessus ________.

A)helped Darius escape to India
B)plotted with Persian nobles and killed Darius
C)sent extra naval support to help Darius fight Alexander's forces
D)made a new appeal to Alexander to end the fighting

Question 44

In the fifth century b.c.e. ,________,the commander of the Athenian army,agreed to a peace of thirty years with Sparta.

Question 45

Which of the following best describes Greek life,thought,art,and literature in the century and a half prior to Macedonian conquest?

A)serenity
B)chaos
C)tension
D)rewarding

Question 46

Because the Stoics strove for inner harmony of the individual,________.

A)their aim was a life lived in accordance with divine will
B)their attitude was upbeat and filled with optimism
C)their goal was to maintain intense involvement and interest in things going on around them
D)they employed wild and resistant methods

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps Aristotle utilizes when dealing with varying academic subjects?

A)the application of reason
B)the introduction of metaphysical principles
C)the observation of the empirical evidence
D)the use of mathematics

Question 48

Alexander the Great avenged the earlier Persian invasion of Greece by ________.

A)burning down Persepolis,the capital of Persia
B)destroying all Persian ships
C)destroying all religious statuary in Persepolis
D)refusing to allow the Persian people to live in their native land

Question 49

Which of the following best describes the policies favored by Pericles following the First Peloponnesian War?

A)reckless
B)expansionist
C)isolationist
D)conservative

Question 50

The main function and responsibility of a respectable Athenian woman was to produce male heirs for the ________,or household,of her husband.

Question 51

One reason the Athens of 350 b.c.e.was not the thriving Athens of Pericles's time was ________.

A)it no longer had a large fleet
B)it had no allies to share the burden of war
C)it had weak leadership
D)it had just experienced a severe drought

Question 52

What important contribution did Heraclides of Pontus make to the field of astronomy in the fourth century b.c.e.

A)He made important suggestions leading to the geocentric model of the universe.
B)He forwarded the theory of stellar parallax.
C)He made important suggestions leading to the heliocentric model of the universe.
D)He discovered the Milky Way.

Question 53

Plato believed that the way to harmony was to destroy the causes of strife.Which of the following would he consider to be a cause of strife?

A)one's family and property
B)the polis
C)leisure activities
D)politics

Question 54

A pact made in 478 b.c.e.by Athenians and other Greeks to continue the war with Persia was called the ________.

Question 55

In 335 b.c.e. ,Alexander III (Alexander the Great),pursuing his father's goal,began his plan to conquer ________.

A)Thebes
B)Persia
C)Chalcis
D)Corinth

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Athens was a formidable and difficult enemy for Sparta to defeat?

A)Athens had an enormous navy.
B)Athens had an annual income from the empire.
C)Athens had a vast reserve fund.
D)Athenians outnumbered Spartans two to one.

Question 57

The annual magistrates responsible for Sparta's foreign policy were called ________.

Question 58

By Greek standards,Macedon was considered to be a backward,semibarbaric land because ________.

A)it had no army or navy
B)its religious practices resembled those of the Stone Age
C)it had no poleis and was ruled loosely by a king
D)its residents lived in huts

Question 59

Greek religion did not emphasize moral conduct to orthodox belief,but rather the faithful practice of ________ meant to win the favor of the gods.

Question 60

After the time of Alexander the Great,the Greeks turned to ________ for solutions to their problems.

A)politics
B)religion,philosophy,and magic
C)humanism,revived from the fifth century b.C.e. ,
D)their belief in human ability to manage forces around them

Question 61

Discuss the vacuum of power created by the collapse of the Athenian Empire.Who were the main competitors in the struggle for power? How did Sparta's military and foreign policies change from the collapse of the Athenian Empire to its own collapse? What accounts for its downfall?

Question 62

According to the ________ theory,the world consists of innumerable tiny,solid,indivisible,and unchanging particles,or "atoms," that move about in the void.

Question 63

The term "________" was coined in the nineteenth century to describe the period of three centuries during which Greek culture spread far from its homeland to Egypt and deep into Asia.

Question 64

What were the advantages and disadvantages of the Athenian system of justice? Compared to the current justice system in America,how do they match up? If you could select between the two‚ which one would you choose? Explain.

Question 65

How did the relationship of Athens to its allies develop under the Delian League? Give specific examples from the text to supplement your answer.

Question 66

In 386 b.c.e. ,Plato founded the ________,a center of philosophical investigation and a school for training statesmen and citizens.

Question 67

Do you find Stoicism or Epicureanism more convincing? Why? What would society be like if everyone believed in the philosophy you chose? What would society be like if everyone believed in the other philosophy?

Question 68

Examine the tactical strategies employed by Alexander the Great in the expansion of his empire.Do you believe it would have been possible to maintain an empire of such an immense size? What possible administrative problems do you believe Alexander would have faced? Do you believe he began the necessary measures to remedy these potential problems? Explain.

Question 69

________ established the theory of the lever in mechanics and invented hydrostatics.

Question 70

What were the underlying causes of the Great Peloponnesian War? In what respect could this conflict have been avoided? Was conflict between Athens and Sparta essentially inevitable? Discuss the strategies employed by both states and the relative success of each.

Question 71

Under the leadership of Pericles,legislation was passed that made the hoplite class eligible for the archonship.Why was this provision such an important step in the establishment of a democratic state? How do you believe the noble members of Athenian society would have responded?

Question 72

When the great Theban general ________ was killed at the Battle of Mantinea,Theban dominance died with him.

Question 73

In the late fifth century b.c.e. ,the Spartans,under ________,obtained the support of the Persians,cut off the Athenian food supply through the Hellespont,and starved the Athenian people into submission.

Question 74

________ was the first to argue that reason and reflection showed that reality was fixed and unchanging according to the idea that nothing could be created out of nothingness.

Question 75

The Macedonian cavalry was made up of nobles and clan leaders called ________.

Question 76

Both the Academy and Lyceum were centers of knowledge in the Greek world.However,the academic and ideological thrust of each institution differed.If you were to have attended each institution in fourth century b.c.e.Athens,what would you have observed at each institution? What was the manner of discourse? What would you have studied? Pick a specific topic or give a general first-person overview of what you would have observed.

Question 77

Why and how did Philip conquer Greece between 359 and 338 b.c.e. How was he able to turn his region into a world power? Why was Demosthenes unable to defend Athens? Where does more of the credit for Philip's success lie: in Macedon's strength or in Athens's weakness?

Question 78

In the winter of 478-477 b.c.e. ,the islanders and the Greeks from the coast of Asia Minor and other Greek cities on the Aegean met with the Athenians on the sacred island of Delos and swore oaths of alliance.They called themselves the Delian League.What were the aims of this new league? Were they successful? If so,how? If not,why not?

Question 79

The goal of the Epicureans was to attain ________,the condition of being undisturbed,without pain,trouble,or responsibility.

Question 80

________ was considered to be the ablest king in Macedonian history.