Deck 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300-1453)

Question 1

John XXII tried to return the papacy from ________ to Italy.

A)Paris
B)London
C)Milan
D)Avignon

Answer 1

Avignon

Question 2

The papacy's law court was called the ________.

A)College of Cardinals
B)Curia
C)Rota Romana
D)Unam Sanctam

Answer 2

Rota Romana

Question 3

Boniface VIII found himself locked in a struggle over the limits of papal authority with ________.

A)Richard II
B)Edward III
C)Philip the Fair
D)Henry V

Answer 3

Philip the Fair

Question 4

Generally speaking,the Black Death moved ________ through Europe.

A)slowly
B)north and west
C)from north to south
D)from rural to urban areas

Question 5

The Hundred Years' War took place primarily in _______.

A)France
B)Britain
C)Germany
D)Italy

Question 6

The Black Death ________.

A)is thought by most scholars to have been a form of smallpox
B)followed the trade routes into Europe from England
C)was preceded by years of famine that weakened the populace
D)was preceded by a gradual decline in population

Question 7

Which of the following was thought by contemporaries to have caused the Black Death?

A)the pope
B)the Jewish community
C)bacteria
D)poor hygiene

Question 8

Founded in 1348,the ________ became the center for both Czech nationalism and a religious reform movement.

A)University of Kiev
B)University of Ostrava
C)University of Prague
D)University of Bonn

Question 9

Joan of Arc was executed on May 30,1431 for the crime of ________.

A)treason
B)heresy
C)murder
D)kidnapping

Question 10

The use of the ________ gave the English the tactical advantage in the war.

A)trebuchet
B)longbow
C)catapult
D)cannon

Question 11

The Statute of Laborers ________.

A)limited wages to pre-plague levels
B)guaranteed a minimum wage for artisans
C)barred laborers from moving from one city to another
D)governed working conditions in early factories

Question 12

The French peasant uprising of 1358 is known as the ________.

A)Western rising
B)Ciompi
C)Jacquerie
D)Taille

Question 13

________ supported the Great Schism.

A)Pope Boniface VIII
B)Charles V
C)Philip of France
D)Martin V

Question 14

England was opposed in its stance on the Great Schism by ________.

A)France
B)the papacy
C)the Roman cardinals
D)Urban VI

Question 15

The Black Death found its way into Europe via ________.

A)North Africa
B)Italy
C)Spain
D)Scandinavia

Question 16

The plague barely touched areas away from major trade routes such as ________.

A)Constantinople
B)Italy
C)France
D)Russia

Question 17

Who reestablished the papacy in Rome in 1377?

A)Boniface VII
B)Gregory XI
C)Celestine V
D)Clement V

Question 18

The Treaty of Troyes in 1420 disinherited the legitimate heir to the French throne and proclaimed ________ the successor to the French king,Charles VI.

A)Henry V
B)Charles VII
C)Henry VI
D)Richard II

Question 19

The Black Death refers to ________.

A)the famine that occurred from 1315 to 1317
B)a virulent plague that struck fourteenth-century Europe
C)a disease transmitted through African slaves
D)the collapse of the European economy in the fourteenth century

Question 20

The Hundred Years' War was fought between ________.

A)France and Russia
B)England and the Netherlands
C)Germany and England
D)England and France

Question 21

Between 1243 and 1480,Russia was ruled by ________.

A)Poland
B)the princes of Kiev
C)the Persians
D)the Mongols

Question 22

What social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the Black Death?

A)noble landowners
B)urban elites
C)peasants
D)clergy

Question 23

Which of these was true of the impact of the Schism and the Black Death?

A)They occurred a century apart and were unrelated.
B)Both had the effect of undermining the church.
C)Both fatally weakened monasticism.
D)They both tended to strengthen the peasantry.

Question 24

Under the rule of Prince Vladimir (r.980-1015),what city was the most important in Russia?

A)Minsk
B)Saint Petersburg
C)Kiev
D)Moscow

Question 25

Which of these provoked the Hundred Years' War?

A)a French claim to the English throne
B)an English claim to the French throne
C)disputes over Flanders
D)English possession of French land

Question 26

The cultural response to the Black Death was ________.

A)an obsession with fresh "wholesome" foods
B)deep pessimism and a focus on death and dying
C)widespread respect for doctors
D)greater faith in kings

Question 27

What happened to Europe's population between 1000 and 1300,and why?

A)It was stagnant,because warfare prevented the population from experiencing natural growth.
B)It fell 20 percent because of widespread famine.
C)It doubled due to increased food supply.
D)It fell slightly due to outbreaks of disease.

Question 28

What was the impact of the Treaty of Troyes on the French?

A)It shifted French loyalties from Charles VII to Henry VI.
B)It was largely ignored,and was therefore insignificant.
C)It led to the Second Crusade.
D)It sparked the Burgundians to ally themselves with Charles VII.

Question 29

Wealthy landowners in medieval Russia were known as _______.

A)serfs
B)streltsy
C)boyars
D)cossacks

Question 30

Among the social and economic consequences of the bubonic plague was a ________.

A)rise in agricultural prices
B)decline in the price of luxury and manufactured goods
C)shrunken labor supply
D)rise in value of the estates of the nobility

Question 31

In 1409,the Council of Pisa ________.

A)dissolved in the face of deep divisions within its delegates
B)united the Catholic Church
C)nullified the position of pope
D)deposed both the Roman and Avignon popes,and elected a new pope

Question 32

The plague's impact on towns can be characterized as _______.

A)devastating
B)fatal to the growth of towns
C)irrelevant,since only rural populations were hit by the plague
D)positive in the long run

Question 33

Ultimately,the Hundred Years' War was about ________.

A)the instability of the English throne
B)social upheaval
C)new military technology
D)French sovereignty

Question 34

Which of these statements best summarizes trends in England and France in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

A)Royal power centralized and national consciousness was extinguished by warfare and the plague.
B)Royal power centralized and national consciousness grew.
C)Royal power waned as townspeople asserted their new identity.
D)Royal power and national consciousness both suffered a steep decline.

Question 35

The primary reason for early French failure in the Hundred Years' War was ________.

A)poor military strategy
B)internal disunity
C)smaller armies
D)superior English financial resources

Question 36

Golden ________ was the name for the segment of the Mongol Empire that included the steppe region of what is today southern Russia.

A)Set
B)Horde
C)Faction
D)Flock

Question 37

The price of the papacy's greater centralization of authority was _________.

A)declining popular support
B)the emergence of the College of Cardinals
C)diminished secular authority
D)the end of the Crusades

Question 38

What two traditional "containers" of monarchy were put on the defensive after the Black Death?

A)landed nobility and the church
B)the church and the townspeople
C)universities and landed nobility
D)the peasantry and rural priests

Question 39

The burden of the Hundred Years' War fell mostly on the ________.

A)clergy
B)nobility
C)military
D)peasants

Question 40

Peasant revolts in the period of the Black Death were triggered by ________.

A)attempts to reimpose pre-1340s economic conditions
B)anger at the disproportionate loss of life among the lower classes
C)religious ferment
D)the rapid growth of towns

Question 41

Which of the following statements best characterizes the Mongol treatment of Russian political and religious institutions?

A)They totally dismantled them.
B)They left them largely intact.
C)They incorporated some facets of Russian ideology and institutions but disregarded the rest.
D)They adopted Russian institutions as if they were of their own creation.

Question 42

Centuries of Christian propaganda had bred hatred toward _________,and they were therefore cast as scapegoats for the spreading plague.

Question 43

Which of the following statements most aptly applies to the bull Ausculta fili?

A)The church and state are one.
B)The church has authority over the state.
C)The church and state are separate but equal entities.
D)The state is set above the church.

Question 44

Which of the following exacerbated the initial effects of the Black Death?

A)the Crusades
B)the Jacquerie
C)the famine of 1315 to 1317
D)the response of the clergy to it

Question 45

The phrase "Babylonian Captivity" refers to ________.

A)the period of papal residence in Avignon
B)the persecution of the Lollards and Hussites by the church
C)the precarious position of the church in France during the Hundred Years' War
D)the state of the church in Czechoslovakia after religious reformers took control of it

Question 46

What was the central theme of the three papal bulls Boniface VIII issued between 1296 and 1302?

A)Kings and popes must work together as friends and equals.
B)God has placed popes above monarchs.
C)Kings have a right to expect service from everyone,even popes.
D)Popes are leaders only in spiritual matters.

Question 47

Which of the following religious movements was most successful at assailing the late medieval church in England?

A)Hussites
B)Waldensians
C)Lollards
D)Franciscans

Question 48

In 1355,in a bid to secure funds for the war,the French king turned to the ____________,a representative council of townspeople,clergy,and nobles.

Question 49

The Black Death is estimated to have killed at least ________ million people in Europe.

Question 50

The papal bull Unam Sanctam declared that ________.

A)only strong monarchies could fulfill the Christian gospel
B)the Holy Roman emperor could establish national churches in his realm
C)a new crusade was necessary in order to unify European spiritually
D)temporal authority was subject to the spiritual power of the church

Question 51

In addition to limiting wages to pre-plague levels,the Statute of Laborers passed by the __________ in 1351 restricted the ability of peasants to leave their masters' land.

Question 52

The broadest social division in eleventh-century Russia was between ________.

A)freemen and slaves
B)clergy and principality
C)peasants and townspeople
D)army officers and freemen

Question 53

The work of John Wycliffe most resembled that of _______.

A)Thomas Aquinas
B)John Huss
C)John of Arc
D)Marsilius of Pauda

Question 54

The French monarchs were particularly outraged by English control of any traditional French land because it ________.

A)made Edward III a vassal of the King of France
B)contributed to deaths from the plague
C)threatened the French royal policy of centralization
D)sparked the Great Schism

Question 55

What finally resolved the Great Schism?

A)the resignation of Clement VII
B)the abdication of Urban VI
C)the simultaneous imprisonment of both current popes
D)the Council of Constance

Question 56

One of the most extreme reactions to the spreading plague were processions of __________,religious fanatics who beat themselves in ritual penance.

Question 57

Why might the Moscow nobility not have minded Mongol rule?

A)They were treated as equals.
B)They were united in a determination to increase agrarian production.
C)Moscow became preeminent in Russia.
D)Their subjects were spared the duty of military service.

Question 58

Which of the following was recognized by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges?

A)the right of the French to regulate ecclesiastical appointments and taxation in their country
B)the idea that religious rights and principles take precedent over national rights
C)the right of all French clergy to develop their own doctrines
D)the obligation of the state to pay the annates to Rome

Question 59

The nobles lost power relative to other groups in the wake of the plague because they were the ______.

A)largest landowners
B)most devout Christians
C)most malnourished
D)most influenced by the famines of the early 1300s

Question 60

Defender of Peace,written by Marsilius of Padua,depicted the pope as ________.

A)subordinate to secular rulers
B)a Christ-like figure who was elected to save the world from its wickedness
C)the supreme ruler
D)the anti-Christ

Question 61

Describe the psychological impact of the Black Death.How did Europeans respond to the devastation caused by the epidemic?

Question 62

In 1309,Clement V moved the papal court to ___________,an imperial city on the southeastern border of France.

Question 63

What were the social and economic consequences of the Black Death? Which groups in medieval society benefited the most from the altered social and economic landscape?

Question 64

The year 1300 was deemed a __________ year by Pope Boniface VIII,which meant that all Catholics who visited Rome and fulfilled certain conditions had the penalties for their unrepented sins remitted.

Question 65

What challenges did the late medieval church face? How did the Avignon papacy and the Great Schism affect the place of the church in European culture and society?

Question 66

In March 1429,_____________ presented herself to Charles VII,declaring that the King of Heaven had called her to deliver besieged Orleans from the English.

Question 67

Discuss the roles of John Huss and John Wycliffe in the lay religious movements that were disavowed by the late medieval church.Why might the church feel threatened by these movements? What explains their response?

Question 68

What impact did Joan of Arc have on the French campaign? What was her primary role? What part,if any,did issues of gender play in this role?

Question 69

What caused the Black Death (bubonic plague),and why did it spread so quickly throughout Western Europe? Where was it most virulent? What does the case of the Black Death suggest about the role disease may play in shaping history?

Question 70

The first great battle of the Hundred Years' War took place in the _____________ on June 23,1340.

Question 71

What were the causes of the Hundred Years' War? Could any of these factors have been avoided or was war inevitable? Explain.

Question 72

Advocates of the ________________ sought to fashion a church in which a representative council could effectively regulate the actions of the pope.

Question 73

___________ was the teaching that the efficacy of the church's sacraments did not only lie in their true performance,but also depended on the moral character of the clergy who administered them.

Question 74

In 1296,the papal bull titled ___________ prohibited taxation of the clergy by secular rulers without papal approval.

Question 75

The _____________ was a French tax,levied directly on the peasantry.

Question 76

After ____________ fell to the Turks in 1453,Moscow became,in Russian eyes,the "third Rome."

Question 77

Discuss the impact of Mongol rule on Russian social and political institutions.Do you believe the system of administration established by the Mongols contributed to their eventual collapse in the region? Explain.

Question 78

____________,the religion of Russia,added strong cultural bonds to the close commercial ties that had long linked Russia to the Byzantine Empire.

Question 79

How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the growth of nationalism and the centralization of political power in both France and England?

Question 80

How did the church become divided,and how was it reunited? Why was the conciliar movement a setback for the papacy?