Deck 29: The Cold War Era, decolonization, and the Emergence of a New Europe

Question 1

During the Cuban missile crisis of 1962,what evidence was used by the United States to convince the world of the threat posed by Cuba?

A)photographs of missile equipment
B)an audio recording that discussed Cuba's plans
C)munitions equipment that the United States confiscated from a boat near the coast of Florida
D)written documents intercepted by U.S.intelligence forces

Answer 1

photographs of missile equipment

Question 2

What event marked the beginning of Algerian nationalism?

A)the granting of full citizenship by France to a select group of Algerian Muslims
B)the immigration of Europeans into Algiers
C)the suppression of Muslims following a conflict at Sétif
D)the founding of the National Liberation Front

Answer 2

the suppression of Muslims following a conflict at Sétif

Question 3

What was one of the main aims of the National Liberation Front in Vietnam?

A)oust the French from Vietnam
B)divide Vietnam into separate military-run territories
C)overthrow Ho Chi Minh
D)overthrow Diem

Answer 3

overthrow Diem

Question 4

In the Brezhnev Doctrine,the Soviet Union ________.

A)was focused on reforming the internal workings of the Soviet government
B)set a policy of Soviet self-containment
C)increased freedom of discussion and other rights in the Soviet Union
D)gave itself the right to interfere in the affairs of other communist countries

Question 5

The Helsinki Accords ________.

A)represented a step forward in recognizing human rights in Eastern Europe
B)sought to limit the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe
C)were opposed by the United States
D)were initiated by U.S.President Jimmy Carter

Question 6

Which of these countries was the first to officially reject communism?

A)Hungary
B)East Germany
C)Czechoslovakia
D)Romania

Question 7

Following the breakup of the Soviet Union,the Commonwealth of Independent States formed to loosely join how many of the resulting republics?

A)6
B)11
C)17
D)3

Question 8

Vietnamization involved the ________.

A)immediate withdrawal of all U.S.troops from Vietnam
B)gradual replacement of U.S.with Vietnamese troops
C)spread of the conflict in Vietnam to other countries
D)emergence of Vietnam-like conflicts in other parts of the world

Question 9

Which of the following groups wanted to maintain a unitary Yugoslav state that it would dominate?

A)Serbians
B)Croatians
C)Muslims
D)Albanians

Question 10

Gandhi was successful in ________.

A)forcing the British to withdraw from India
B)creating a single nation for all the people of India
C)creating a single nation characterized by religious toleration
D)creating a distinctly Muslim state

Question 11

The American policy to resist the extension of Soviet expansion,in the expectation that the Soviets would eventually collapse from internal pressure,is called ________.

A)commandment
B)constraint
C)containment
D)constriction

Question 12

Who called the Soviet Union an "evil empire"?

A)Pope John Paul II
B)U.S.President Ronald Reagan
C)U.S.President Jimmy Carter
D)Mohandas Gandhi

Question 13

The revolutions of 1989 ________.

A)were mostly nonviolent
B)involved intervention by the Soviet military
C)were undertaken by a relatively small number of people
D)resulted in high civilian casualties

Question 14

Hungarian leader Imre Nagy ________.

A)rejected support offered by noncommunist groups
B)asked the Soviets for help in increasing a communist military presence in Hungary
C)sought to make Hungary independent from the Soviet Union
D)succeeded Janos Kadar as premier

Question 15

Putin's foreign policy goals include ________.

A)asserting dominance over nations once part of the Soviet Union
B)greater NATO involvement in former Soviet blocs
C)supporting the American-led war in Iraq
D)helping Chechnya become politically and economically independent

Question 16

Revolution in Czechoslovakia was led by ________.

A)Nicolae Ceausescu
B)Václav Havel
C)Gustav Husak
D)Janos Kadar

Question 17

The "ethnic cleansing" that took place in Bosnia primarily targeted ________.

A)Serbians
B)Croatians
C)Muslims
D)Albanians

Question 18

The Russian Federation,unlike most of the European Union,condemned the independence of ________.

A)Serbia
B)Bosnia
C)Croatia
D)Kosovo

Question 19

What event caused the United States to dramatically change its outlook on the situation in Indochina?

A)the establishment of the People's Republic of China
B)the defeat of the French military at Dien Bien Phu
C)the appearance of Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam
D)the start of the Vietnamese civil war

Question 20

Generally speaking,Britain ________.

A)accepted the loss of empire as inevitable
B)offered armed resistance to calls for decolonization
C)sought to sever ties with its former colonies
D)was taken by surprise by calls for decolonization

Question 21

Which of the following can be said about Nikita Khrushchev's leadership of the Soviet Union?

A)The central theme was one of bolstering policies set up under Stalin.
B)The government became more authoritarian.
C)Agricultural regulations became harsher than under Stalin.
D)Intellectuals had more freedom of expression.

Question 22

The first meaningful elections since the 1950s were held in Iraq in ________.

A)1985
B)1995
C)2005
D)1975

Question 23

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 started when ________.

A)Iraq invaded Kuwait
B)Kuwait invaded Iraq
C)Islamic extremists bombed U.S.bases in Saudi Arabia
D)the United States invaded Kuwait

Question 24

Mikhail Gorbachev's economic policies could be characterized as ________.

A)hugely successful
B)moderately successful
C)having no impact
D)a failure

Question 25

Algeria gained its independence as a result of ________.

A)a peace treaty between France and the National Liberation Front following the civil war
B)a coup overthrowing the colonial government
C)a referendum in Algeria
D)desertion by the colonial government during the civil war

Question 26

What is the most accurate term for the belief that a pure Islam must be established in the contemporary world?

A)fundamentalism
B)reformism
C)renovationism
D)initialism

Question 27

Mohandas Gandhi adopted the model of passive resistance after exposure to the writings of what American writer?

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson
B)Margaret Fuller
C)Henry David Thoreau
D)Nathaniel Hawthorne

Question 28

The purpose of Stalin's Cominform group was to ________.

A)improve communications among communist nation-states
B)increase communications with noncommunist governments
C)devise a master plan for the generation of Soviet propaganda
D)spread communism throughout the world

Question 29

What caused Khrushchev's absence at the Paris Summit Conference?

A)the shooting of a reconnaissance aircraft
B)condemnation of the shooting from European nations
C)Eisenhower's refusal to apologize for the United States' surveillance of the Soviet Union
D)the United States' competition with Soviet space missions

Question 30

The United States wanted German industry in the western zone to be left intact because ________.

A)it hoped to use Germany's economic might for its own military purposes
B)that would allow Germany to again become economically independent
C)that was what the Soviets had done in the eastern zone
D)Truman feared the consequences of high unemployment in Germany

Question 31

The creation of a Jewish state ________.

A)intensified Cold War conflicts
B)took place in the course of World War II
C)was delayed by Britain's harsh judgments of the Zionist movement
D)engendered a surprisingly positive reaction from Egypt

Question 32

What did the Suez intervention of 1956 prove?

A)The United States had little power to stop a determined Britain.
B)Western Europe could not impose its will on the world without U.S.support.
C)The United States had little power to stop a determined France.
D)The new states in Africa and the Middle East were still,essentially,European colonies.

Question 33

Madrasas are ________.

A)holy cities
B)Islamic religious schools
C)secular Muslims
D)Islamic political parties

Question 34

Why did the Soviet Union invade Czechoslovakia?

A)Czechoslovakian leader Alexander Dubcek was assassinated.
B)Czechoslovakian leader Alexander Dubcek began liberalizing communism.
C)Protest strikes resulted in a shutdown of the economy.
D)Nationalist uprisings threatened to shut down the government.

Question 35

The Truman Doctrine was initiated in response to Soviet pressure on what countries?

A)Romania and Bulgaria
B)Greece and Turkey
C)Albania and Yugoslavia
D)Hungary and Romania

Question 36

World War II made decolonization _________.

A)immediate
B)inevitable
C)impossible
D)unlikely

Question 37

Which of the following countries supported the United States during the Persian Gulf War?

A)Iran
B)Syria
C)Libya
D)Saudi Arabia

Question 38

The event preceding Gorbachev's exit from Soviet political life was the ________.

A)attempted coup in 1991
B)attack on the Russian Parliament building in 1993
C)massacre of civilians in Romania in 1989
D)opening of the Berlin Wall in 1989

Question 39

What event led to the U.S.bombing of North Vietnam?

A)an attack on a U.S.ship in the Gulf of Tonkin
B)infighting among Vietnamese politicians following the withdrawal of French troops from Vietnam
C)an attempted coup in which Ngo Dinh Diem was assassinated
D)Ngo Dinh Diem's announcement that Vietnam would not hold free elections

Question 40

Why did France resist decolonization in Algeria?

A)the country's key mineral resources
B)Algeria's position next to other French colonies
C)defeat in Indochina
D)pieds noirs protests

Question 41

The Reagan era saw both _______ of the Cold War.

A)hardening and softening
B)the beginning and the end
C)the height and the end
D)escalation and intensification

Question 42

In 1957,Fidel Castro took power in Cuba,removing the dictator ________.

Question 43

The appointment of ________ was a key factor in Poland's resistance to communist control.

Question 44

Economically,Russia is vulnerable because of its _________.

A)relatively small size
B)failure to industrialize
C)lack of natural resources
D)reliance on a single commodity,oil

Question 45

Which of these post-war trends was stalled or reversed by the invasion of Iraq?

A)U.S.-European cooperation
B)the spread of Muslim reformism
C)the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
D)unilateralism

Question 46

The greatest contribution to the improved economic situation under Putin was ________.

A)increased trade with the West
B)oil resources and the rising price of oil
C)government and administrative centralization
D)higher taxes imposed on the oligarchs

Question 47

Which of the following came first in the breakup of Yugoslavia?

A)NATO bombing of Serbia
B)war in Kosovo
C)war in Bosnia
D)Kosovo declares its independence

Question 48

The train bombings in Madrid,Spain,contributed to ________.

A)the retention of power by the Spanish government
B)the removal of Spanish troops from Iraq
C)greater solidarity between Spain and the United States
D)the complete breakdown of relations between Spain and the United States

Question 49

The U.S.and the Soviet Union came closest to outright war during _________.

A)the Berlin blockade
B)the Cuban missile crisis
C)Tehran conference
D)the invasion of Iraq

Question 50

Afghanistan was like Greece,Turkey,and Vietnam,in being a _________.

A)communist nation
B)Muslim nation
C)member of NATO
D)scene of Cold War confrontations

Question 51

The founding of ________ resulted from the British withdrawal from India in 1947.

Question 52

Why did Russia object to Kosovo's independence?

A)It might lead other republics to leave the federation.
B)It feared Kosovo was providing arms and other assistance to Chechen rebels.
C)It feared Kosovo would align with Poland.
D)It feared China would profit from the weakness in the Russian Federation.

Question 53

The Marshall Plan attempted to ________.

A)stop the spread of communism
B)help Turkey against the Soviet Union
C)help Europe rebuild
D)bring World War II to an end

Question 54

The Truman doctrine was most directly paralleled by the Soviet Union's ________.

A)détente
B)Cominform
C)Brezhnev Doctrine
D)worldwide attention on the Yugoslav civil war

Question 55

What was Putin's relationship with NATO during his presidency?

A)Putin sought to expand NATO's involvement in Eastern Europe.
B)Putin opposed the expansion of NATO in Eastern Europe.
C)Putin condemned NATO after it sanctioned Russia for its interference with the governments of former Soviet republics.
D)Putin criticized NATO after it refused to accept Russia as a member.

Question 56

The French leader who orchestrated that country's retreat from Algiers was ________.

Question 57

The primary reason Putin supported the American assault on Afghanistan was ________.

A)to bring the Cold War to an end
B)to limit the spread of Islamic extremism to countries that bordered Russia
C)to reestablish political dominance in Afghanistan
D)because it was an obvious quagmire that would drain American resources

Question 58

Stalin enacted a policy of intense tightening of control over subject governments in Eastern Europe following the success of ________ in freeing his country from Soviet domination.

Question 59

Which of these most notably changed the course of developments in the Middle East in the 1900s?

A)the invasion of Kuwait
B)the end of World War II
C)the Russian invasion of Afghanistan
D)the Iranian Revolution

Question 60

Unlike European nationalism,Arab nationalism is based largely on ________.

A)language
B)shared customs
C)a shared past
D)religion

Question 61

Vladimir Putin has been sharply critical of the ongoing expansion of ________,which has embraced nations directly bordering the Russian Federation.

Question 62

Discuss the causes of the shift from colonization to decolonization.What factors set the stage for decolonization? What role did the United States play in this development?

Question 63

In Poland,________ took on the role of mediator between the government and the trade union movement he had founded.

Question 64

Describe the conditions that prevailed in the Soviet Union following World War II.To what extent did Khrushchev and his successors follow the policies of Joseph Stalin?

Question 65

Trace the changing world dynamics in the last half of the twentieth century that led to the development of radical Islamism.

Question 66

Under President Putin,Russians had ________ political freedom and ________ prosperity.

Question 67

What were the causes of the breakup of Yugoslavia? Give at least two events leading to the breakup,and explain the underlying tensions that made the country vulnerable to fragmentation.

Question 68

The literal meaning of the Muslim term ________ is "a struggle."

Question 69

What did the Soviets hope to show the world by refusing to take part in the Paris Summit Conference in 1960? Do you think it was successful?

Question 70

West German leader ________ was the leading force for German reunification.

Question 71

How was the collapse of the Soviet Union different from that experienced by Austria after World War I or by Germany after World War II?

Question 72

The term "war on terrorism" was coined by ________.

Question 73

Why did France follow a path different from Britain with regard to its colonies? What effect did that policy have on Cold War tensions?

Question 74

The first two countries to declare their independence from the central Yugoslav government were ________.

Question 75

Serbian leader ________ was finally removed from power in 2000.

Question 76

Do you think the Cold War could have been avoided? Why or why not?

Question 77

Brezhnev's two immediate successors were Yuri Andropov and ________.

Question 78

In 2002 and 2003,the United States and Great Britain tried to gain support from ________ to force Iraq to disarm.

Question 79

During his presidency,Vladimir Putin renewed the war against rebels in ________.

Question 80

Explain how the Brezhnev Doctrine of 1968 differed from the Truman Doctrine of 1947.