Deck 4: A: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Normal human color vision requires having three types of cones.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cats can see in total darkness.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

On other planets elsewhere in the universe,we might see colors differently from those on Earth.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

People see little or no color in the periphery of their visual field.​

Question 5

In order to see something,we send rays out from our eyes.​

Question 6

The cones are adapted for color vision,daytime vision,and detailed vision.​

Question 7

Absolute pitch (or "perfect pitch")is more common in people who speak Mandarin Chinese than in English speakers.​

Question 8

We localize sounds by comparing the responses of the two ears.​

Question 9

Humans have an approximately equal number of rods and cones.​

Question 10

Sound waves with greater amplitude are perceived as having a higher pitch than sound waves with lower amplitude.​

Question 11

A gray square could look blue,yellow,or any other color,depending on its surround.​

Question 12

Because all the axons exit from the eye at the same place,everyone has a blind spot.​

Question 13

The apparent brightness of an object depends on the brightness of objects near it.​

Question 14

Rods and cones are equally important for color vision.​

Question 15

Men are more likely to have color vision deficiency than are women.​

Question 16

We hear the pitch of low-frequency sounds by a different mechanism from the one we use for high-frequency sounds.​

Question 17

About a thousand years ago,an Arab scholar demonstrated that we see because light enters the eyes.​

Question 18

If you stare at a bright color for a minute and then look at a white surface,you continue seeing the color you had been viewing.​

Question 19

You can detect faint light best in the center of your retina.​

Question 20

Surgery can correct certain types of deafness.​

Question 21

Subliminal messages to improve memory,quit smoking,or lose weight are no more effective than a placebo.​

Question 22

In the eye,light is focused by the rigid cornea and the flexible _______.​

Question 23

Light enters the eye through the pupil and strikes the receptors on the _________.​

Question 24

A subliminal message to buy popcorn increases people's likelihood of buying it.​

Question 25

Certain drugs that relieve physical pain can relieve hurt feelings also.​

Question 26

When the moon looks larger at the horizon than it does high in the sky,it is just an optical illusion.The image is actually the same size.​

Question 27

It is possible to perceive many aspects of depth with just one eye.​

Question 28

Feature detectors can explain all aspects of pattern perception.​

Question 29

People taste very dilute sugar or salt solutions more easily than equally dilute bitter substances.​

Question 30

"Hurt feelings" activate some of the same brain areas as physical pain.​

Question 31

Phantom limb sensations come from irritation around the point of the amputation.​

Question 32

Itch sensation is a mild type of pain.​

Question 33

Many optical illusions result from errors of depth perception.​

Question 34

The number of times someone reports detecting a weak stimulus is meaningless information,unless we also know about false alarms.​

Question 35

Your ability to detect an extremely weak stimulus varies depending on circumstances.​

Question 36

Adult taste buds are almost equally distributed across the surface of the tongue.​

Question 37

The moon at the horizon looks larger than it does high in the sky because the atmosphere distorts the light as it passes through.​

Question 38

The sense of smell depends on only seven types of olfactory receptors.​

Question 39

Gestalt psychologists pioneered the study of feature detectors.​

Question 40

Feature detectors can explain visual aftereffects such as the waterfall illusion.​

Question 41

In the human auditory system,the ability to hear high-frequency sounds (above 4000 Hz)depends on the ________ principle.​

Question 42

An impairment in the bones connected to the eardrum produces a type of deafness known as __________ deafness.​

Question 43

The center of the retina,having the greatest density of receptors,is the ________​

Question 44

The part of the retina with the best color vision is the ______​

Question 45

Detection of the tilt,acceleration,and orientation of the head depends on the __________ system.​

Question 46

Some people report continuing sensations,including pain,in a limb long after it has been amputated.This phenomenon is known as ___________ limb.​

Question 47

A participant is asked to report every time he or she sees a faint light.If rewards are offered for correctly reporting the presence of the light,but no punishment for reporting it when it is absent,the participant will make many hits but also many ____________________.​

Question 48

The condition in which a stimulus of one type,such as sound,also elicits another experience,such as color is called ____________________.​

Question 49

The analysis of how people make hits,misses,false alarms,and correct rejections is known as _______ ______ theory.​

Question 50

The retinal receptors adapted for color vision are the _______.​

Question 51

The pitch of a sound (for example,high C or E-flat)depends on the ____________________ of the sound waves.​

Question 52

A neuron that responds to the presence or absence of a line or angle in a particular location is known as a ______________ detector.​

Question 53

After you stare at something red and look away,you see green.This observation supports the ____________________ theory of color vision.​

Question 54

Color constancy depends on the ability of the cortex to compare information from several parts of the retina.This view is known as the _______ theory of color vision.​

Question 55

Pain activates two brain areas,one that is responsible for sensation and one that is related to _________.​

Question 56

The optic nerve exits from the retina at the ____________________.​

Question 57

The theory that we perceive color by comparing responses from three types of receptors is known as the ____________ theory.​

Question 58

Red-green color vision deficiency results from a recessive gene on the _____ chromosome.​

Question 59

In the human ear,the ability to perceive low frequencies (up to about 100 Hz)depends on neurons working according to the ____________________ principle.​

Question 60

The sensations of pressure,pain,warmth,cold,vibration,and stretch of the skin are collectively known as the ____________________ senses.​

Question 61

Suppose we are trying to measure someone's ability to detect weak stimuli.When we present extremely weak stimuli (sights,sounds,or touches),this person almost always reports that they were present.Before we draw any conclusions about this person's apparently great sensitivity,what else do we need to know?​

Question 62

Define and differentiate trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory.Which theory most easily explains negative color afterimages?​

Question 63

If two people rate the intensity of a taste as "7" on a 1-to-7 scale,can we conclude that they both had an equally intense experience? Why or why not?​

Question 64

The field of psychology that emphasizes how we perceive overall patterns through a top-down process is known as __________ psychology.​

Question 65

Explain why everyone has a blind spot in each eye.​

Question 66

Describe differences between vision in the fovea and vision in the periphery of the eye.​

Question 67

Our ability to perceive objects as maintaining their size,shape,and color,despite changes in the image striking the retina,is known as visual ____________.​

Question 68

What is a feature detector,and what evidence do we have for feature detectors?​

Question 69

Describe the gate theory of pain.​

Question 70

How do we manage to experience so many substances as bitter,in spite of the fact that they are chemically unrelated to one another?​

Question 71

In what way are hurt feelings similar to physical pain?​

Question 72

What is one likely explanation for many optical illusions?​

Question 73

The Gestalt psychologists described several principles of how we organize perceptions into meaningful wholes.Define the principles of (a)proximity,(b)similarity,(c)continuation,and (d)closure.​