Deck 3: A: Biological Psychology

Question 1

​If you lose part of your brain,you lose part of your mind.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​Ordinarily,people use only about 10 percent of their brain.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

​Cocaine and amphetamine affect behavior by attaching to hormone receptors.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In most cases,neurons communicate at synapses by transmitting an electrical charge.

Question 5

​Low to moderate doses of amphetamine improve attention.

Question 6

​The right hemisphere of the brain controls the muscles on the right side of the body.

Question 7

​All synapses transmit messages equally fast,and their effects last equally long.

Question 8

An action potential remains equally strong as it travels on an axon from start to finish.​

Question 9

Alcohol and anxiolytic drugs (tranquilizers)facilitate activity at inhibitory synapses.​

Question 10

Ritalin (methylphenidate)affects the same synapses as cocaine,in the same way.​

Question 11

​Marijuana decreases the release of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Question 12

​An axon transmits an action potential in the same way that a copper wire transmits an electrical current.

Question 13

An axon can alter the speed or magnitude of its action potentials.

Question 14

​Dendrites receive information from other cells,and axons send information to other cells.

Question 15

​When you touch something,you don't feel it until the message reaches your brain.

Question 16

​Most scientists agree that mind and brain are separate.

Question 17

​After a neuron releases transmitters into the synapse,it reabsorbs many of the molecules.

Question 18

Marijuana affects the same receptors as opiate drugs,but less strongly.​

Question 19

​Marijuana increases the risk of strokes,and makes the damage from strokes more severe.

Question 20

​Parkinson's disease results from a deficiency of transmission at dopamine synapses.

Question 21

When you perceive that the piano you see is also what you hear and feel,you get that perception because vision,hearing,and touch all send their information to a central point in the brain.
​

Question 22

​Some people can indicate where a visual stimulus occurred even though they weren't conscious of seeing it.

Question 23

An experience can influence which genes are active or inactive.
​

Question 24

Each behavior depends on a single gene.
​

Question 25

​In some ways,the behavior of a split-brain person suggests two minds occupying the same head.

Question 26

Natural selection (evolution)acts on brain and behavior just as it does on the rest of the body.

Question 27

​Music lessons can produce measurable changes in brain anatomy.

Question 28

By age 5,you have all the neurons your brain will ever have.
​

Question 29

The hormone oxytocin increases your attraction and trust toward anyone you meet.
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Question 30

​Differences in brain anatomy relate to how well people can recognize faces.

Question 31

​A heritability of 1 indicates that genetic variation is responsible for all the observed differences in behavior.

Question 32

If something such as mental retardation has a strong genetic influence,then changing the environment cannot significantly alter it.
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Question 33

​People become temporarily motion blind while they are making voluntary eye movements.

Question 34

An fMRI study shows increased activity in one brain area in angry people.When that area becomes active in someone again,we can conclude that this person is angry.​

Question 35

Psychologists are in strong agreement about their explanations for male-female differences.
​

Question 36

Researchers measure heritability mostly by comparing people from different cultures.​

Question 37

​We can almost always explain the reasons for our own behavior.

Question 38

​The left hemisphere of the brain gets equal sensations from the left and right hands.

Question 39

​People with a certain type of brain damage have normal vision except that they cannot see movement.

Question 40

​If a gene influences behavior,we can assume it alters brain development.

Question 41

In a neuron,the structures that receive messages are called _______.
​

Question 42

​The nervous system has two kinds of cells,called _____ and glia.

Question 43

​Neurons that are active both when you make a movement and when you watch someone else make a similar movement are known as_______neurons.

Question 44

​​The concept that mental activity and brain activity are inseparable is known as ____.

Question 45

During voluntary eye movements (saccades),people briefly lose their ability to detect one aspect of vision.That aspect is _______.​

Question 46

​The impulse that the axon conveys is called the _____ potential.
​

Question 47

The chemicals released by neurons at synapses are called ______.

Question 48

​The specialized junction where one neuron communicates with another is called the ___.

Question 49

​Ritalin (methylphenidate)works at the same synapses,by the same mechanism (except for how fast or slowly it works)as the often abused drug __________.

Question 50

The brain produces its own chemicals that attach to the same receptors as opiate drugs such as heroin and morphine.Those brain chemicals are called ______.​

Question 51

​One drug that many people take exerts its effects by blocking axons from releasing both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.That drug is _______.

Question 52

An important method of measuring brain activity is fMRI.That abbreviation stands for _________ magnetic resonance imaging.​

Question 53

​Alcohol facilitates activity at _______ synapses.

Question 54

​The brain area most central for making decisions,especially for bypassing a current pleasure to get a greater goal later,is the _________ cortex.

Question 55

​The central nervous system consists of the brain and the _______.

Question 56

For most people,language depends on the ______ hemisphere of the brain.

Question 57

The set of fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex are known as the _______  ______.​

Question 58

​The part of the nervous system most important for aim and timing is the_______.

Question 59

Drugs that increase energy,alertness,and activity are known as ________.​

Question 60

​People who can indicate where something is,without consciously seeing it at all,are said to have _______.

Question 61

​Janet suffers from severe epileptic seizures that are untreatable with medicine.Her doctor decides to cut her corpus callosum.Following surgery,her neuropsychologist conducts some tests to assess the effects of the surgery.During a divided visual field study,Janet sees words flashed to both of her visual fields and is asked to read the words.When some of the images are flashed,Janet experiences difficulty stating the word that was flashed.Explain which visual field presentation likely causes Janet the most difficulty when asked to state the word that was flashed and why.

Question 62

How does blindness from brain damage differ from blindness from eye damage?

Question 63

Describe an example to demonstrate that even if a gene is known to produce an undesirable result,a change in the environment can largely prevent that outcome.​

Question 64

​Cocaine and other stimulants produce increased arousal.However,a few hours later the person feels somewhat depressed and lacking in energy.Explain why,with reference to neurons.

Question 65

​Chemicals released by an organ and conveyed by the blood to influence other organs are known as _________.

Question 66

The part of the nervous system most important for controlling the heart,digestive organs,and other organs is the __________.

Question 67

​Neurons are cells in the nervous system that function to process information.Each neuron consists of three parts.Name and describe each of the three parts.

Question 68

What is known to happen in the brain as a result of extensive practice at playing a musical instrument?​

Question 69

What is the "binding problem"?​

Question 70

​The question of how separate brain areas combine forces to produce the unified perception of a single object is called the ________ problem.

Question 71

What is meant by "epigenetics"?​

Question 72

​What type of evidence supports the idea of monism?

Question 73

​The hormone that increases attention to social information,and magnifies love and trust toward someone you already love,is known as ________.

Question 74

​Otto Loewi conducted an experiment in which he answered a key question about the nature of signaling across the synapse.Briefly describe the hypothesis,method,results,and interpretation of Loewi's study.

Question 75

​What types of evidence do researchers usually examine when trying to estimate the heritability of a human characteristic?