Deck 14: A: Personalitypersonality

Question 1

Freud's goal was to bring unconscious thoughts and memories to consciousness.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​Substantial research supports Freud's proposal that neurosis results from fixation at an early stage of psychosexual development.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Increasing people's self-esteem increases their productivity in school and at work.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Freud based his theories on careful studies of personality development during childhood and adolescence.

Question 5

According to Freud,healthy personality development requires shifting libido from one body part to another as a person grows older.

Question 6

Humanistic psychologists try to analyze people's behavior in terms of genetics and hidden,unconscious forces.​

Question 7

​A search for broad,general principles of personality illustrates the idiographic approach.

Question 8

A personality trait is more temporary than a personality state.

Question 9

The research evidence strongly supports Freud's concept of repression.

Question 10

​According to Adler,everyone has a striving for superiority.

Question 11

Alfred Adler argued that mental health is more than just the absence of disorder.

Question 12

According to Adler,mental health depends on setting the right goals in life.

Question 13

Much research demonstrates the value of catharsis for improving mood and relieving mental illness.

Question 14

Freud and Jung had practically the same concept of the unconscious mind.​

Question 15

Freudian defense mechanisms are intended as ways to cope with anxiety.

Question 16

​Freud's influence within psychology continues to be as strong as ever.

Question 17

Recent research on implicit memory strongly supports Freud's theories about the unconscious.

Question 18

According to Jung,the collective unconscious is similar in people throughout the world.​

Question 19

Humanistic psychologists emphasize spiritual experiences and beliefs.

Question 20

According to Jung,the collective conscious depends on heredity more than it does on personal experience.

Question 21

Researchers have identified several genes that produce large effects on personality.​

Question 22

A theory that relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces,including unconscious ones,within the individual,is known as a _________ theory.

Question 23

​You could lie on many MMPI items,and no psychologist would even suspect.

Question 24

​Criminal profiling is more accurate than random guessing.

Question 25

​The process of releasing a pent-up emotion,getting it out of one's system,is called ____________________

Question 26

Older people tend to be more conscientious than younger people.

Question 27

Handwriting analysis reveals several important points about personality.

Question 28

Criminal profiling leads the police to the criminal with high accuracy.

Question 29

As people grow older,their personality tends to become more stable over time.

Question 30

Items were selected for the MMPI by trial and error,with little regard to theory.

Question 31

Some questionnaires that claim to measure low self-esteem may in fact be measuring high goals.

Question 32

​The Rorschach inkblot test often provides information about a person that could not be easily obtained through other methods.

Question 33

The strong similarity in personality between parents and their adopted children indicates a strong influence of family environment on personality development.

Question 34

On average,personality traits differ from one part of the United States to another.

Question 35

Psychologists derived the Big Five model of personality from an analysis of the English language.

Question 36

If 95 percent of people with a rare disorder give a particular pattern of answers on a personality test,and only 5 percent of other people give that pattern,then the results of the test provide a valid basis for diagnosing that disorder.

Question 37

​Psychologists derived the Big Five personality model from extensive observations of people's behavior in different cultures.

Question 38

​The Big Five personality traits are: emotional stability,extraversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,and openness to experience.

Question 39

Most psychologists like the way the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies personality into distinct types.

Question 40

​A psychologist administering the Rorschach inkblot test gives precise instructions and examples about how to respond.

Question 41

In Carl Jung's theory,unconscious influences that represent the cumulative experience of previous generations are the _________ unconscious.

Question 42

In Freud's theory,attempting to reduce your anxiety by attributing your own undesirable characteristics to other people is called ____________.

Question 43

The earliest of Freud's stages of psychosexual development,the one characteristic of infants,is the _______ stage.

Question 44

The Big Five personality traits are emotional stability,extraversion,conscientiousness,agreeableness,and ________________.

Question 45

According to Freud,a young boy goes through a stage of feeling sexual attraction to his mother and aggression toward his father.Freud called this stage the ___________ complex.​

Question 46

According to Freud,the memory of rules and prohibitions that we learned from our parents (such as "nice boys and girls don't do that")is called the _____.

Question 47

In Alfred Adler's theory,a sense of solidarity and identification with other people that leads to constructive action is called ________ interest.

Question 48

In Freud's theory,blockage of normal psychosexual development at some stage is called ​

Question 49

​In Carl Jung's theory,vague images that represent something that was always part of human experience are called ____________.

Question 50

In humanistic psychology,the complete,unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is,is called ________ positive regard.

Question 51

​According to Freud,the motivated removal of a thought or memory to the unconscious is called ______________.

Question 52

The branch of personality theory that emphasizes people's conscious decisions,values,beliefs,and spiritual experiences is known as ___________ psychology.

Question 53

According to Freud,the rational,decision-making aspect of the personality is called the _____.

Question 54

In Freud's theory,if you attempt to reduce anxiety by presenting yourself as the opposite of something disturbing about yourself,you are engaged in _________ __________.

Question 55

​The approach to the study of individual differences that seeks general laws about how some aspect of personality affect behavior is the ____________________ approach.

Question 56

In humanistic psychology,the achievement of one's full potential is self-___________​

Question 57

Freud's term for psychosexual energy was _________.

Question 58

According to Alfred Adler,everyone has a natural drive to achieve excellence and fulfillment.He called this drive the striving for ____________.

Question 59

According to Freud,the part of personality that demands immediate satisfaction of sexual and other biological urges is called the _____.

Question 60

In contrast to a state,which is a temporary tendency in behavior,a consistent and lasting tendency to act in a particular way is called a ___________.

Question 61

What type of motivation did Alfred Adler emphasize? What did he recommend as a way to improve mental health?

Question 62

If researchers have established rules and norms for how to administer a test and interpret each individual's results,then the test is said to be_______________.

Question 63

People's tendency to accept almost any vague description of their personality is the _________ effect.

Question 64

A test that encourages people to react to ambiguous stimuli (such as inkblots)by describing their own personality is called a(n)________________ test.

Question 65

According to Freud,the ego defends itself against conflicts and anxieties by relegating unpleasant thoughts and impulses to the unconscious.Briefly describe repression,projection,and reaction formation and give an example of each.

Question 66

How did psychologists determine which items to include on the MMPI?

Question 67

According to Freud,children go through five stages of psychosexual development,and each leaves its mark on the adult personality.If normal sexual development is blocked or frustrated at any stage,part of the libido becomes fixated at that stage.Describe Freud's five stages of sexual development and the sexual interest that accompanies each stage.

Question 68

The personality test that was designed to measure the Big Five personality traits is the _____________.

Question 69

How did researchers evaluate the accuracy of criminal profiling,and what results did they get?

Question 70

Name and describe three of the Big Five personality traits.

Question 71

A test that tries to measure some aspect of your personality,without your being aware that it is a personality test,is called a(n)_______________ personality test.

Question 72

​Early in Freud's career he changed his theory of what was responsible for neurotic behavior.What was his earlier view,what was his later view,and what evidence did he have for either?

Question 73

The opposite of emotional stability is ____________.

Question 74

How does the MMPI identify people who might be lying to try to look good?

Question 75

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)is a test of normal personality,loosely based on the personality theory of __________.

Question 76

The Big Five personality traits are emotional stability,extraversion,agreeableness,openness to experience,and ________________.

Question 77

How did Carl Jung's concept of the unconscious mind differ from Freud's concept?

Question 78

What method did psychologists use to determine the Big Five personality traits?

Question 79

What evidence suggests that family environment contributes little to personality development?