Deck 12: A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Question 1

Many activities activate parts of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People are more likely to display facial expressions when they are with other people than when they are alone.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

​By examining women's smiles in their college yearbook photos,you can predict with moderate accuracy how happy they will be later,and whether their marriages will last.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

​People who seldom feel emotional tend to make the best decisions.

Question 5

Nearly all psychological researchers agree that people have six basic emotions.​

Question 6

Brief,unintentional facial expressions reveal emotions that people might want to hide.

Question 7

People who have only weak autonomic arousal generally report weak emotional feelings.

Question 8

Physiological measurements enable researchers to determine which emotion a person is experiencing.

Question 9

​If you think a pill caused your rapid breathing and racing heart,you won't feel as much emotional arousal.

Question 10

Many researchers operationally define anxiety as an increase in the startle reflex.

Question 11

Danger at a distance activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

Your posture and facial expression can affect your emotion.

Question 13

The raised-eyebrow expression has different meanings from one culture to another.

Question 14

Emotions often provide a quick guide to making moral decisions.​

Question 15

​According to the James-Lange theory,feeling an emotion leads to action.

Question 16

Fear and anger produce similar responses by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 17

Sad people tend to make impulsive decisions without considering the evidence.​

Question 18

​One of the main problems facing the developers of emotional intelligence tests is determining what the correct answers are.

Question 19

If we use "consensus scoring" to evaluate answers on an emotional intelligence test,we give very little credit for correctly answering the most difficult questions.

Question 20

​The main evidence for the idea of "basic emotions" is that people throughout the world recognize some of the same facial expressions.

Question 21

People who win a lottery report themselves as happier than average for many years afterward.​

Question 22

Someone who has had a traumatic experience should speak extensively with a therapist as soon as possible to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 23

Severe stress produces many of the same symptoms as illness.

Question 24

Someone who doesn't look at you in the eyes and whose hands are fidgeting is probably lying.​

Question 25

Most people's life satisfaction fluctuates considerably from year to year.

Question 26

Brief,mild stress improves memory and enhances activity of the immune system.​

Question 27

​It is possible to study the physiology of anxiety in laboratory animals.

Question 28

A guilty-knowledge test is similar to a polygraph test except that the examiner asks different types of questions.

Question 29

Under most circumstances it is illegal for an employer in the United States to require employees or job applicants to take a polygraph ("lie-detector")test.

Question 30

Most people are good at detecting when others are lying.

Question 31

On average,young adults are happier than old people.

Question 32

A soldier who suffers brain damage that includes the amygdala is likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 33

Thinking you can control something makes it less stressful,even if you are wrong about your ability to control.

Question 34

People who cried in a sad situation feel less depressed afterward than those who didn't.​

Question 35

Most people who experience extremely traumatic events develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 36

On average in the United States,being born in a recent decade adds to one's happiness.

Question 37

Feeling personal rejection causes more health risk than other types of stress.​

Question 38

On average,unmarried people are happier than married people.

Question 39

You can increase your happiness by listing things you feel grateful about.

Question 40

A woman with damage to her amygdala in both hemispheres does not feel fear under any circumstances.

Question 41

Prolonged stress causes the adrenal glands to release the hormone __________,which enhances metabolism and increases the supply of sugar and other nutrients to the cells.

Question 42

​Any stimulus that excites intense emotion activates the "fight-or-flight" system,also known as the ________________ nervous system.

Question 43

​The study of the features that enrich life,such as happiness,hope,creativity,courage,spirituality,and responsibility,is known as __________ psychology.

Question 44

A brief,involuntary facial expression of emotion is called a(n)________________.

Question 45

A modified version of the polygraph test produces more accurate results by asking questions that should be threatening only to someone who knows the facts of a crime that have not been publicized.This is known as the _______ ________ test.

Question 46

The common-sense view is that emotional feelings lead to action.The idea that action leads to emotional feelings is the ______-_______ theory.

Question 47

​One woman who seems fearless in almost all situations has damage to the __________ of her brain.

Question 48

The branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for enhancing digestion and other nonemergency functions is the ____________ nervous system.

Question 49

The polygraph (or "lie-detector test")measures arousal of the __________ nervous system.

Question 50

Most psychologists who support the idea of basic emotions list these six: happiness,sadness,fear,anger,disgust,and ___________.

Question 51

The idea that emotional feeling results from sensing your body's reaction is known as the ________- ________ theory.​

Question 52

​The ability to perceive,imagine,and understand emotions and use that information in making decisions is known as emotional ____________.

Question 53

​According to one system of scoring answers to an emotional intelligence test,you would get various degrees of partial credit depending on how many other people agree with you.This system is called ___________ scoring.

Question 54

Most people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)have a smaller than average ________ in the brain.​

Question 55

​Certain patients with brain damage show a lack of guilt and embarrassment.They also make many impulsive,poor decisions,apparently because they cannot imagine how they will feel afterward.These reactions occur most often after damage to the ______ cortex.

Question 56

According to the "circumplex" model of emotion,emotional feelings range along one continuum of arousal and along another continuum of _______.

Question 57

Many researchers measure anxiety by measuring increases or decreases in the strength of the ___________ reflex.​

Question 58

​Researchers measure changes in the startle reflex as an operational definition of ____________________.

Question 59

The full expression of sincere happiness,including the muscles around the eyes,is called the _____________ smile.​

Question 60

The brain area most responsible for variations in the level of anxiety is the _________.​

Question 61

​Why is it difficult to measure stress by means of a questionnaire?

Question 62

State the James-Lange theory and briefly describe evidence that supports it.

Question 63

One attempt to use physiological measurement of an emotion for a practical purpose is the polygraph,or lie-detector test.Describe how a polygraph is supposed to work.Explain why the test is unacceptable for many purposes.

Question 64

Coping with stress by reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less threatening is known as ____________.​

Question 65

How does prolonged stress by itself sometimes produce symptoms of illness?

Question 66

Psychologists have debated whether or not humans have "basic emotions" and,if so,what constitutes a basic emotion? What evidence do people most often cite as support for the idea of basic emotions?

Question 67

Describe three major categories of ways to cope with stress.

Question 68

Not all psychologists are convinced that anger,fear,and so forth are psychological "elements." For several reasons many question whether it makes sense to talk about basic emotions at all.Describe at least one argument presented in your text that argues against the concept of "basic emotions."

Question 69

Coping with stress by practicing a milder form of a stressful experience is called ___________.

Question 70

Researchers have wondered if they could elicit or enhance an emotional response by molding a participant's posture and breathing pattern into a pattern typical of a given emotion.Describe what happened in the study illustrated in your text in which participants were made to smile by instructions that did not include the word smile.