Deck 10: A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Question 1

If your left eye looks at red stripes and your right eye looks at green stripes,you will see red stripes superimposed on green stripes.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

When you are conscious of seeing or hearing something,your consciousness occurs instant by instant while the stimulus is present.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Brain recordings suggest that some people in a vegetative state are conscious.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Researchers agree that people can accurately report the time of making a conscious decision.

Question 5

​In trials with less and less backward masking,you would gradually move from being totally unconscious of a stimulus to being partly conscious,a bit more conscious,and so forth.

Question 6

​If you go without sleep all night,you feel more alert the next morning than you did late in the night.

Question 7

Cells in your brain generate a 24-hour rhythm that affects sleepiness and other activities.

Question 8

Shifting onto daylight saving time impairs many people's alertness and performance.

Question 9

Modern methods of measuring brain activity enable researchers to answer certain questions about consciousness.

Question 10

During binocular rivalry,if you are unconscious of what one eye sees,you nevertheless unconsciously determine whether it is meaningful or important.

Question 11

​Brain recordings can alert a researcher to your upcoming decision before you are aware of making the decision.

Question 12

​People traveling west suffer more serious jet lag than do people traveling east.

Question 13

Masking,flash suppression,and binocular rivalry are methods of presenting a stimulus but preventing consciousness of it.

Question 14

Someone in a vegetative state shows more responsiveness than someone in a coma.

Question 15

When you decide to do something,your reported time of making a conscious decision occurs before the relevant activity begins in your brain.

Question 16

When you are conscious of a stimulus,the representation of that stimulus spreads to much of the brain.

Question 17

In an unchanging environment,such as a cave or a submarine,you continue alternating between wakefulness and sleepiness on about a 24-hour schedule.

Question 18

One person in a vegetative state answered yes/no questions by imagining different types of movement.

Question 19

Most old people do better on memory tests early in the morning than later in the day.

Question 20

​During binocular rivalry,you are temporarily conscious of what is in one eye and unconscious of what is in the other.

Question 21

Hypnosis can reduce people's emotional response to pain.

Question 22

During the time of sleep when the brain is most active,the muscles are least active.

Question 23

An EEG of a person under hypnosis resembles the EEG of a sleeping person.

Question 24

During sleep,increased inhibition stops nerve messages from spreading.

Question 25

It is possible to hypnotize someone who does not wish to cooperate.

Question 26

Someone who is pretending to be hypnotized can mimic almost everything that truly hypnotized people do.​

Question 27

Most dreams are happier than everyday life.

Question 28

Someone who becomes blind because a stroke damaged the visual cortex can nevertheless synchronize waking and sleeping to the rising and setting of the sun.

Question 29

​Long,slow,high-amplitude waves on an EEG indicate a great deal of brain activity.

Question 30

Most therapists and researchers today agree with Freud's method of analyzing dreams.

Question 31

Talking in your sleep indicates that you are probably developing a mental disorder.

Question 32

You have insomnia if you average less than 7 hours sleep per night.

Question 33

An important function of sleep is to save energy.

Question 34

Dreaming occurs only during REM sleep.

Question 35

​The research evidence supports the claim that no hypnotist can get people to do anything they would refuse to do otherwise.

Question 36

​Hypnosis improves the accuracy of people's memories.

Question 37

Dreams accurately predict the future.

Question 38

Larger animal species need more sleep than smaller species.

Question 39

Sleeping after you learn something will probably improve your memory of it.

Question 40

Most neurons stop all activity during sleep.

Question 41

The major postural muscles are most relaxed during the _____ sleep stage.

Question 42

Someone who does not get enough sleep at night to feel well rested the next day is suffering from _____.​

Question 43

People who have trouble breathing while they sleep are suffering from _______ _______.

Question 44

​Rhythms of wakefulness and sleepiness lasting about one day are called _______ rhythms.

Question 45

The area of the brain known to generate the body's circadian rhythm is the ____________________.

Question 46

​The brain is most active during the _____ sleep stage.

Question 47

Night terrors occur mostly during stage _____of sleep.

Question 48

People of what age are most likely to be morning people? _____

Question 49

​The highest prevalence of long,slow,high-amplitude brain waves occurs during ______ sleep.

Question 50

Someone who has emerged from a coma,and who now shows limited responses,such as increased heart rate in response to pain,is in a ----_________ state.

Question 51

​A period of discomfort and inefficiency while your internal clock is out of phase with your new surroundings is called ______ _______.

Question 52

​Meditation improves people's ability to control their attention.

Question 53

The symptoms of narcolepsy suggest an intrusion of ____ stage of sleep into wakefulness.

Question 54

​People who experience sudden attacks of extreme sleepiness in the middle of the day are suffering from ________.

Question 55

Paradoxical sleep,marked by high brain activity but no muscle activity,is synonymous with _____ sleep.

Question 56

Increased activity in the motor cortex of the brain prior to the start of a movement is known as the _________ potential

Question 57

​When people see one image in the left eye and an incompatible image in the right eye,they experience binocular ________.

Question 58

A dream that occurs when the person is aware of being asleep and dreaming is called a _______ dream.

Question 59

People are most likely to suffer serious jet lag when they travel in a(n)______direction.

Question 60

Brain activity is least during stage ______ of sleep.

Question 61

​Give an example of a practical use of hypnosis that has been supported empirically and an example of a claim that has not been supported.

Question 62

In the study with the spot of light going around a clock,the time when activity began in the motor cortex of the brain was earlier than the time of the reported decision,implying that the brain starts producing a response before the person makes a conscious decision to move.What limitation in this study leads some people to doubt that conclusion?

Question 63

​A hypnotic suggestion can decrease the sensation of _______.

Question 64

What happens in the brain when you are conscious of a visual stimulus that does not happen when you are unconscious of a similar stimulus?

Question 65

Freud referred to the hidden meaning of a dream as the ____________________ content.

Question 66

​Describe the study with the spot of light going around a clock,in which researchers measured the time of a conscious decision relative to brain activity and the start of a movement.

Question 67

Hypnotists generally say that you won't do anything under hypnosis that you would refuse to do otherwise.What does the evidence say about this claim?

Question 68

Describe the key differences between REM sleep and other stages of sleep.​

Question 69

What evidence suggests that some people in a vegetative state may be conscious?​

Question 70

​Briefly describe sleep apnea and narcolepsy.

Question 71

What happens during binocular rivalry?