Deck 9: Intelligenceintelligence

Question 1

Fluid intelligence refers to what?​

A)Abilities that increase and decrease from time to time
B)​The tendency for IQ scores to increase from one generation to the next
C)​Reasoning and solving new problems
D)​Expertise in a field that one has studied or practiced

Answer 1

​Reasoning and solving new problems

Question 2

Solving a problem of a type you have never seen before requires which type of intelligence?​

A)Fluid intelligence
B)​Crystallized intelligence
C)​Multiple intelligence
D)​Standardized intelligence

Answer 2

Fluid intelligence

Question 3

What type of data would someone collect to test Spearman's g concept?​

A)Comparisons of the performances of monozygotic and dizygotic twins
B)​Correlations of people's scores on many types of mental tests
C)​Comparisons of IQ scores from one generation to the next
D)​Correlations between people's IQ scores and their brain volumes

Answer 3

​Correlations of people's scores on many types of mental tests

Question 4

​What does "g" mean in Spearman's g factor in intelligence?

A)Gifted
B)​Genetic 
C)​Genuine 
D)​General

Question 5

Raymond Cattell distinguished between which two types of intelligence?​

A)Verbal and mathematical
B)​Sensorimotor and operational
C)​Fluid and crystallized
D)​Inherited and acquired

Question 6

Which researcher introduced the idea of the g factor in intelligence?​

A)Pavlov
B)​Freud 
C)​Spearman
D)​Binet

Question 7

​What is the evidence in favor of a g factor in intelligence?

A)IQ scores correlate more highly for monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins.
B)​Immigrants who are still learning English do better on Raven's Matrices than other tests.
C)​The people who do well on one test usually do well on other tests also.
D)​Brain size has a low but positive correlation with scores on IQ tests.

Question 8

What was Spearman's evidence in favor of a g factor in intelligence?​

A)Certain genes are more common among people who score high on IQ tests.
B)​Mean scores on IQ tests have been rising from one generation to the next.
C)​Most people who do well on one mental test do well on other ones also.
D)​Scores on IQ tests correlate positively with measurements of brain volume.

Question 9

What is one possible explanation for Spearman's g factor in intelligence?​

A)People's intellectual abilities tend to correlate with their areas of interest.
B)​Health and nutrition promote development of all brain areas.
C)​Intelligence depends on a combination of genetics and environment.
D)​Extra development of any brain area leaves less room to develop other areas.

Question 10

Which of these opposes the idea that all of intelligence depends on a single underlying ability?​

A)Executive functioning correlates highly with many other intellectual skills.
B)​Certain types of brain damage impair one ability while sparing others.
C)​Many nonhuman animal species show good problem-solving skills, if properly tested.
D)​Monozygotic twins resemble each other in IQ scores more than dizygotic twins do.

Question 11

Spearman inferred the existence of a g factor in intelligence from what evidence?​

A)Mean performance on IQ tests has been rising from one generation to the next.
B)​Scores on any intellectual test correlate positively with almost any other such test.
C)​Scores on IQ tests are consistently higher in prosperous countries than in poor countries.
D)​Children's scores on IQ tests correlate highly with those of their parents.

Question 12

Which of these is one possible explanation for Spearman's g factor?​

A)Educational opportunities have been improving from one generation to another.
B)​People who develop any ability have less opportunity to develop a different ability.
C)​Nutrition and other factors that promote any ability also help develop other abilities.
D)​Several genes influence development in just one brain area.

Question 13

A psychologist gets people's scores on many tests of intellectual performance and determines the correlations among them.It appears she is probably testing which of these theories?​

A)The Flynn effect
B)​Spearman's g factor
C)​The role of genetics in intelligence
D)​Chomsky's language acquisition device

Question 14

​The positive correlations among scores on many tests of mental abilities support which theory?

A)Spearman's g factor
B)​Cattell's distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence
C)​Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
D)​The Flynn effect

Question 15

The concept of the g factor in intelligence was based on what evidence?​

A)Scores on an IQ test correlate positively with activity in certain brain areas.
B)​Most people who do well on one mental test also do well on many others.
C)​Children usually get IQ scores similar to those of their parents, brothers, and sisters.
D)​People who take the same IQ test repeatedly usually get about the same score.

Question 16

Charles Spearman inferred the existence of a g factor in intelligence from what observation?​

A)Most people who do well on one intellectual test also do well on other tests.
B)​Most people's scores on IQ tests are consistent from one time to another.
C)​People's IQ scores correlate highly with those of their close relatives.
D)​People's IQ scores correlate highly with measurements of their brain volume.

Question 17

Which of the following is one possible explanation for g?​

A)Boys and girls develop different abilities because they have different interests.
B)​Separate abilities depend on the same influences, such as health and nutrition.
C)​Monozygotic twins share more of their genes than dizygotic twins do.
D)​Advances in technology expose children to more stimulation now than in the past.

Question 18

​Which of these (IF IT WERE TRUE)would argue AGAINST Spearman's concept of the g factor?

A)On average, IQ scores have decreased over the last fifty years.
B)​People with good language skills tend to be below average at math.
C)​On average, older adults have higher IQ scores than younger adults.
D)​Dizygotic twins resemble each other in IQ scores more than monozygotic twins do.

Question 19

​What does the "psychometric" approach measure?

A)Individual differences in performance
B)​Theoretically perfect performance
C)​Brain activity during performance
D)​Muscle movements during performance

Question 20

What did Spearman mean by the g factor in intelligence?​

A)Group
B)​Genius 
C)​General
D)​Genetic

Question 21

A new worker who lacks the skills of experienced workers but learns them quickly has much of what?​

A)Multiple intelligence
B)​Crystallized intelligence
C)​Fluid intelligence
D)​Mnemonic intelligence

Question 22

What does an aptitude test measure?

A)Reading ability
B)Mathematical ability
C)Fluid intelligence
D)Crystallized intelligence

Question 23

The ability of an experience mechanic to repair a car is an example of what?​

A)Multiple intelligence
B)​Crystallized intelligence
C)​Fluid intelligence
D)​Standardized intelligence

Question 24

What information would help to evaluate Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

A)Correlations among scores on tests of various intelligent abilities
B)Comparisons of scores between monozygotic and dizygotic twins
C)Research on the stability of test scores as people grow older
D)Research comparing scores of people from different generations

Question 25

An experienced worker with highly practiced skills is demonstrating which of these?

A)Multiple intelligence
B)​Crystallized intelligence
C)​Fluid intelligence
D)​The g factor

Question 26

What does Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences claim?

A)Intellectual development depends on equal contributions from heredity and environment.
B)Nutrition, health, and other factors contribute to development of all intellectual skills.
C)People can be outstanding at one intellectual skill without being good at others.
D)On average, intellectual performance has improved from one generation to the next.

Question 27

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences disagrees with which of these?

A)The Flynn effect
B)The possibility of measuring psychological variables
C)Spearman's concept of g
D)Cattell's distinction between fluid and crystallized intelligence

Question 28

What evidence argues AGAINST Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

A)People with Williams syndrome are much better at language than at other mental abilities.
B)Test scores on language, logic, and spatial reasoning correlate highly with one another.
C)Certain types of brain damage impair a specific skill, such as facial recognition.
D)Monozygotic twins resemble each other more strongly than dizygotic twins do.

Question 29

How do achievement tests differ from aptitude tests?

A)Achievement tests measure ability to learn. Aptitude tests measure what is already learned.
B)Achievement tests measure what is already learned. Aptitude tests measure ability to learn.
C)Achievement tests measure unusual abilities. Aptitude tests measure common abilities.
D)Achievement tests measure common abilities. Aptitude tests measure unusual abilities.

Question 30

What do achievement tests and aptitude tests try to measure?

A)Achievement tests: fluid intelligence. Aptitude tests: crystallized intelligence.
B)Achievement tests: crystallized intelligence. Aptitude tests: fluid intelligence.
C)Achievement tests: academic knowledge. Aptitude tests: practical knowledge.
D)Achievement tests: practical knowledge. Aptitude tests: academic knowledge.

Question 31

Of the following,which is an example of "fluid" intelligence?​

A)Finding a creative way to fix a broken machine
B)​Adding a row of numbers to determine the cost of a product
C)​Singing a familiar popular song
D)​Practicing free-throw shooting in basketball

Question 32

Suppose an experienced truck driver can easily choose the best route from one city to another,but has trouble understanding concepts from algebra and geometry.What is apparently true here?​

A)The driver shows high fluid intelligence and high crystallized intelligence.
B)​The driver shows high fluid intelligence and low crystallized intelligence.
C)​The driver shows low fluid intelligence and high crystallized intelligence.
D)​The driver shows low fluid intelligence and low crystallized intelligence.

Question 33

What does the evidence say about the idea that we should educate students differently based on their style as visual learners or verbal learners?

A)Applying this distinction greatly benefits most students.
B)Applying this distinction is important in elementary school but not high school.
C)Applying this distinction is important in high school but not elementary school.
D)Nearly all evidence says this distinction is not helpful.

Question 34

What tends to happen to intelligence in old age,on average?​

A)Equal loss of fluid and crystallized intelligence
B)​Decline of fluid intelligence more than crystallized intelligence
C)​Decline of crystallized intelligence more than fluid intelligence
D)​Slight gains in both crystallized and fluid intelligence

Question 35

Which of the following,if true,would strongly support Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

A)People appear to have different abilities because of inaccurate measurement.
B)People develop different abilities because of different interests and practice.
C)People develop different abilities because of different genetic predispositions.
D)People develop different abilities because of different types of education.

Question 36

Extensive practice at working crossword puzzles improves skill at working those puzzles,but has little effect on other types of memory or problem solving.Apparently the practice increases what?​

A)Fluid intelligence
B)​Crystallized intelligence
C)​Both fluid and crystallized intelligence
D)​Neither fluid nor crystallized intelligence

Question 37

Crystallized intelligence refers to what?​

A)The tendency for IQ scores to increase from one generation to the next
B)​The decrease of intellectual skills in old age or as a result of disease
C)​Practiced skills and knowledge about a particular field
D)​Reasoning and solving new problems

Question 38

If you had never played chess before,but you learned the game quickly and developed clever strategies,you would be displaying what?

A)Fluid intelligence
B)​Crystallized intelligence
C)​The Flynn effect
D)​Multiple intelligences

Question 39

​What does Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences claim?

A)We have many types of intelligence that are closely related.
B)​We have many types of intelligence that are independent.
C)​The same genes that promote one type of intelligence promote them all.
D)​Any task requires us to use all parts of the brain equally.

Question 40

How does fluid intelligence differ from crystallized intelligence?​

A)Fluid applies to practiced skills. Crystallized applies to new problems.
B)​Fluid applies to new problems. Crystallized applies to practiced skills.
C)​Fluid is learned. Crystallized is inherited.
D)​Fluid occurs in humans. Crystallized occurs in laboratory animals.

Question 41

The early IQ tests developed in France were modified to become which English-language test?

A)Progressive Matrices test
B)Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
C)Stanford-Binet test
D)Scholastic Aptitude Test

Question 42

The first IQ test was developed by whom?

A)Binet and Simon
B)Pavlov and Thorndike
C)Ebbinghaus and Skinner
D)Piaget and Vygotsky

Question 43

IQ tests were originally devised for what purpose?

A)To identify mental patients who could profit from psychotherapy
B)To identify the best applicants to become airplane pilots
C)To identify children who would or would not do well in school
D)To identify prisoners who would be safe to release on parole

Question 44

Why did Binet and Simon develop the first intelligence test?

A)To help researchers discover the factors that lead to intelligence
B)To help teachers adjust to children who were visual or verbal learners
C)To identify children who might not do well in school
D)To help theorists distinguish between intelligence and creativity

Question 45

What does it mean if a 6-year-old and an adult both have a score of 120 on the Stanford-Binet?

A)Each of them answered the same number of questions.
B)Each did equally well, relative to other people of their own age.
C)The 6-year-old is more intelligent than the adult.
D)The adult is more intelligent than the 6-year-old.

Question 46

What do the WAIS-IV and the WISC-V attempt to measure?

A)Interests 
B)Intelligence 
C)Personality 
D)Mental health

Question 47

How does "adaptive testing" differ from other testing?

A)The psychologist administering the test is permitted to give hints.
B)The test omits items that are too easy or too difficult for the individual.
C)The test includes some experimental items that do not count in the final score.
D)The test uses either visual or verbal questions, depending on someone's learning style.

Question 48

What has always been the intended purpose of IQ tests?

A)To predict children's performance in school
B)To help researchers test the role of heredity and environment in intelligence
C)To help researchers test the contributions of various brain areas to intelligence
D)To help teachers determine which children are visual or verbal learners

Question 49

What is the main thing that IQ tests try to predict?

A)Mental health
B)Levels of brain activity
C)Social and emotional adjustment
D)Performance in school

Question 50

When does a psychologist stop administering the Stanford-Binet test for an 8-year-old child?

A)Only after administering all the items
B)When the child appears to be getting bored or tired
C)After the child has answered all the items marked "age 8"
D)After the child has begun to miss most of the items

Question 51

How does the WISC-V test differ from the WAIS-IV test?

A)The WISC-V is for visual learners and the WAIS-IV is for verbal learners.
B)The WISC-V is for average people and the WAIS-IV is for people with impairments.
C)The WISC-V is for children and the WAIS-IV is for adults.
D)The WISC-V is for people who speak English and the WAIS-IV is for other languages.

Question 52

What is the difference between the WISC and the WAIS?

A)They are appropriate for people of different languages.
B)They are appropriate for people with different interests.
C)They are appropriate for people with different sensory abilities or limitations.
D)They are appropriate for people of different ages.

Question 53

On the Stanford-Binet test,what is the mean score?

A)Ten times the child's age
B)50
C)100
D)500

Question 54

If your professor gave you an "adaptive test," how would it differ from most college tests?

A)All the questions would have clear relevance to your everyday life.
B)You could choose between answering in writing, by talking, or by drawing pictures.
C)Your professor would give you a hint whenever you asked for one.
D)The questions would get easier or harder, depending on how well you are doing.

Question 55

What,if anything,do high or low IQ scores explain?

A)IQ scores explain why certain children do better than others in school.
B)IQ scores explain why certain children learn better from visual or verbal instruction.
C)IQ scores explain why certain children are more emotionally adjusted than others.
D)IQ scores do not explain anything.

Question 56

What does an achievement test measure?

A)Reading ability
B)Mathematical ability
C)Fluid intelligence
D)Crystallized intelligence

Question 57

What does it mean if an item on the Stanford-Binet IQ test is designated "age 8"?

A)Most 8-year-olds will answer it correctly.
B)Most 8-year-olds will answer it incorrectly.
C)The question should be asked only to 8-year-olds.
D)The question was written 8 years ago.

Question 58

What does the abbreviation WAIS stand for?

A)Wechsler Alternative Incentive System
B)​Wechsler Aptitude Inventory for Students
C)​Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
D)​Wechsler Achievement and Industriousness Score

Question 59

Why were IQ tests developed,originally?

A)To select the best applicants for complex jobs
B)To measure probability of doing well in school
C)To understand the brain mechanisms responsible for intelligence
D)To determine the roles of heredity and environment in intelligence

Question 60

Why do some people take twice as long as others to finish an adaptive test?

A)People are allowed to ask for hints as often as they want.
B)The questions continue until the person starts missing most items.
C)People can answer in writing, by talking, or by drawing pictures.
D)People are permitted to take a break from the test after every few questions.

Question 61

Which test tries to measure intelligence while minimizing the influence of culture and language?

A)WISC-V
B)WAIS-IV
C)Stanford-Binet test
D)Raven's Progressive Matrices

Question 62

What is the intention behind the Raven's Progressive Matrices?

A)To measure strengths and weaknesses on a variety of specialized intellectual skills
B)To measure intelligence while also determining the factors that influence it
C)To measure intelligence and personality at the same time
D)To measure intelligence with as little cultural influence as possible

Question 63

Raven's Progressive Matrices would be inappropriate for what kind of person?

A)College students
B)People who do not speak English
C)People who are deaf
D)People who are blind

Question 64

What is a disadvantage of the Raven's Progressive Matrices test?

A)It does not provide scores for separate abilities.
B)It requires familiarity with the English language.
C)It measures only crystallized intelligence.
D)It requires complex and expensive equipment.

Question 65

Suppose a psychologist wants to give an intelligence test to a recent immigrant who speaks only a little-known language.Which test would be most appropriate?

A)Stanford-Binet
B)Raven's Progressive Matrices
C)WAIS-IV
D)WISC-V

Question 66

If differences in heredity are important for differences in IQ scores,what should we expect to find?

A)IQ correlations should be equally high for monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
B)​IQ correlations should be higher for dizygotic than monozygotic twins.
C)​IQ correlations should be higher for monozygotic than dizygotic twins.
D)​IQ correlations should be higher for twins reared apart than reared together.

Question 67

In what way are Raven's Progressive Matrices "progressive"?

A)They progress gradually from easy items to difficult items.
B)They show how to help low-scoring students progress to greater abilities.
C)They were designed by "liberal" or "progressive" political thinkers.
D)They yield higher IQ scores as children progress from one grade to the next.

Question 68

Which of these is an advantage of Raven's Progressive Matrices?

A)Higher reliability and validity than other IQ tests
B)Separate scores to identify someone's areas of strength and weakness
C)Suitable for use with people who are blind
D)Suitable for use with people who do not speak English

Question 69

Most studies of heritability of human intelligence are based on what type of evidence?

A)Twins and adopted children
B)Comparisons among cultures
C)Changes from one generation to the next
D)The correlation between IQ scores and brain volume

Question 70

What is an advantage of Raven's Matrices compared to most other intelligence tests?

A)It is fairer to people from other cultural backgrounds.
B)It provides scores concerning a wide variety of specialized abilities.
C)It provides an IQ score that is accurate to two or three decimal places.
D)It measures crystallized intelligence instead of fluid intelligence.

Question 71

If you were taking the Raven's Progressive Matrices test,what would you have to do?

A)Learn new material and then answer questions about it an hour later.
B)Identify the piece that completes a visual pattern.
C)Look at pictures and then draw them from memory.
D)Answer questions similar to those that Jean Piaget used with children.

Question 72

Raven's Progressive Matrices require very little use of what?

A)Reasoning 
B)Attention 
C)Language
D)Vision 

Question 73

Which of these tests measures IQ and also identifies someone's areas of strength and weakness?

A)IAT
B)MMPI
C)WAIS
D)MBTI

Question 74

If differences in heredity were unimportant for differences in IQ scores,what should we expect?

A)IQ correlations should be equally high for monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
B)IQ correlations should be higher for dizygotic than monozygotic twins.
C)IQ correlations should be higher for monozygotic than dizygotic twins.
D)IQ correlations should be higher for twins reared apart than reared together.

Question 75

What is meant by a "culture-reduced" intelligence test?

A)The test is appropriate for use in only a small number of cultures.
B)The test avoids asking for facts that your culture might teach you.
C)Representatives of many world cultures worked together to write the test.
D)Performance on this test has been declining in our culture.

Question 76

Why do most deaf and foreign-born people get higher scores on the Raven's Progressive Matrices than on most other IQ tests?

A)Raven's Matrices directly measure brain activity.
B)​Raven's Matrices give partial credit for answers that are almost correct.
C)​Raven's Matrices have a distribution with a larger standard deviation.
D)​Raven's Matrices do not require the use of language.

Question 77

In what way is the Stanford-Binet test similar to the Wechsler Intelligence Tests?

A)Both provide subscores as well as an overall score.
B)Both are equally fair to people speaking any possible language.
C)Both measure brain activity as well as answers to questions.
D)Both are intended to measure crystallized intelligence more than fluid intelligence.

Question 78

When would it be better for a psychologist to use Raven's Progressive Matrices than the Stanford-Binet or Wechsler test?

A)The psychologist wants to use an adaptive test.
B)The psychologist needs a test with high reliability.
C)The psychologist is trying to determine the person's areas of strength and weakness.
D)The psychologist is testing someone who is just learning to speak English.

Question 79

What is a benefit of the Wechsler intelligence tests,compared to Raven's Progressive Matrices?

A)The Wechsler tests identify someone's strengths and weaknesses.
B)The Wechsler tests can be administered and interpreted by someone with no training.
C)The Wechsler tests are fairer to people from other cultures or languages.
D)The Wechsler tests relate intellectual skills to particular brain areas.

Question 80

In what way does the Wechsler IQ tests have an advantage over Raven's Progressive Matrices?

A)The Wechsler tests identify strengths and weaknesses on a variety of abilities.
B)The Wechsler tests are fairer to people who speak non-European languages.
C)Most people get higher IQ scores on the Wechsler tests. 
D)The Wechsler tests identify the brain areas responsible for various tasks.