Question 1

Sigmund Freud used what evidence in forming his theories?&#10;A)Longitudinal studies of preschool children&#10;B)Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments&#10;C)Surveys from several countries&#10;D)His guesses about his patients' childhood

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud largely relied on his patients' case histories and his own interpretations of their childhood experiences to form his theories. He developed the psychoanalytic method of therapy through extensive work with his patients, rather than through empirical studies or surveys.

Question 2

Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to emphasizing early sexual fantasies.What evidence if any led him to change his theory?&#10;A)He had no good evidence for either theory.&#10;B)He conducted surveys about the prevalence of sexual abuse and fantasies.&#10;C)He got the parents of his patients to report their recollections of the patients as children.&#10;D)He tabulated that more of his patients remembered early fantasies than early abuse.

Accepted Answer

Freud's shift from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to early sexual fantasies as the cause of neurosis was not based on new empirical evidence or systematic research. Instead, it was a theoretical pivot, influenced by his introspection, analysis of his patients, and the broader psychoanalytic framework he was developing. There was no rigorous evidence or methodical surveys that directly led to this change.

Question 3

What does catharsis mean?&#8203;&#10;A)Gaining access to the contents of the collective unconscious&#10;B)&#8203;Defense mechanisms against anxiety&#10;C)&#8203;Sexual symbolism that shows up in dreams and associations&#10;D)&#8203;Release of pent-up emotional tension

Accepted Answer

Catharsis refers to the release of pent-up emotional tension or the process of releasing and thereby providing relief from strong or repressed emotions.

Question 4

In what way did Freud change his theory about the causes of psychological disorder?&#10;A)At first he said the problems were unconscious. Later he said they were conscious.&#10;B)At first he emphasized childhood sexual abuse. Later he emphasized childhood sexual fantasies.&#10;C)At first he emphasized learning. Later he emphasized innate tendencies.&#10;D)At first he emphasized disorders of the id. Later he emphasized disorders of the ego.

Accepted Answer

At first, Freud emphasized childhood sexual abuse as the primary cause of psychological disorders. Later, he revised his theory and emphasized childhood sexual fantasies as the primary cause. This shift in emphasis is known as his seduction theory to his Oedipus complex theory.

Question 5

What was the original goal of psychoanalysis?&#10;A)To help a patient reexamine the assumptions behind his/her style of life&#10;B)To produce catharsis&#10;C)To probe the contents of the collective unconscious&#10;D)To use reinforcements and punishments to change unwanted behaviors

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis, originally developed by Sigmund Freud, aimed to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind, often through techniques like free association and dream analysis. One of its goals was to produce catharsis, a therapeutic release of emotional tension achieved through recalling and reliving emotional trauma.

Question 6

What was Freud's goal in psychoanalysis?&#10;A)To bring unconscious thoughts and memories into consciousness&#10;B)To help the person establish a style of life with more healthful goals&#10;C)To help the person achieve self-actualization&#10;D)To establish more effective behavior patterns through reinforcements

Accepted Answer

Freud's goal in psychoanalysis was to bring unconscious thoughts and memories into consciousness. He believed that by doing so, individuals would be able to better understand and overcome their mental and behavioral issues.

Question 7

At first,Freud argued that the cause of neurosis was childhood sexual abuse.What did his later theory emphasize?&#8203;&#10;A)Inadequate positive reinforcement&#10;B)&#8203;Imbalances among neurotransmitters in the brain&#10;C)&#8203;Childhood sexual fantasies&#10;D)&#8203;Failure to achieve self-actualization

Accepted Answer

Freud later developed the Psychosexual Theory of Development, which emphasized the importance of childhood sexual fantasies in the development of neurosis, rather than solely focusing on childhood sexual abuse as the cause.

Question 8

Freud's therapy tried to produce which of the following?&#10;A)Catharsis&#10;B)Reaction formation&#10;C)Repression&#10;D)Transference

Accepted Answer

Freud's therapy aimed to produce catharsis, which was the release of repressed emotions or conflicts through the process of talking about them. This was believed to lead to emotional and psychological healing. While reaction formation, repression, and transference may have arisen during therapy sessions, they were not the intended outcomes.

Question 9

What evidence did Freud use as the basis for his theories?&#10;A)His guesses or inferences about his patients' childhood&#10;B)Memories his patients reported about their childhood&#10;C)Results of surveys and laboratory experiments&#10;D)Comparisons of the artworks and folktales of many cultures

Accepted Answer

The answer of What evidence did Freud use as the...

Question 10

Freud's personality theories were based on what type of evidence?&#10;A)His inferences from his patients' reports&#10;B)Carefully controlled experiments&#10;C)Correlational studies comparing several cultures&#10;D)Surveys of parents and teachers

Accepted Answer

Freud's personality theories were primarily based on information gathered through his work with patients and his analysis of their conscious and unconscious thoughts and behaviors. He did not conduct experiments or use surveys or correlational studies to support his theories.

Question 11

What do psychodynamic theories of personality emphasize?&#10;A)Careful measurement of personality traits&#10;B)Conflicting conscious and unconscious forces&#10;C)Spiritual experiences and the values that people live by&#10;D)The effects of rewards and punishments in previous, similar situations

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do psychodynamic theories of personality emphasize?&#10;A)Careful...

Question 12

Early in his career,what did Freud emphasize as the cause of neurotic behavior?&#10;A)Unhealthy goals in life&#10;B)Childhood sexual abuse&#10;C)Failure to achieve self-actualization&#10;D)Poor diet and sleep habits

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early in his career,what did Freud emphasize...

Question 13

Why do introductory psychology texts put so little emphasis on Freud?&#8203;&#10;A)Most people still consider his ideas shocking.&#10;B)&#8203;Freud's views have only limited influence in psychology today.&#10;C)&#8203;Freud's theories are too sophisticated for undergraduates to understand properly.&#10;D)&#8203;Freud's theories relate mainly to psychiatry and not to psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do introductory psychology texts put so...

Question 14

What did Freud believe that catharsis did?&#10;A)He believed it moved painful memories into the unconscious.&#10;B)He believed it prevented people from facing reality.&#10;C)He believed it provided defense against anxiety.&#10;D)He believed it relieved mental illness

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Freud believe that catharsis did?&#10;A)He...

Question 15

Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood sexual abuse to emphasizing early sexual fantasies.What evidence did he have for these theories?&#10;A)His patients told him about their early sexual abuse and sexual fantasies.&#10;B)He and his colleagues conducted surveys about early childhood experiences.&#10;C)He relied on the research published by experimental psychologists of his era.&#10;D)He made guesses about the meanings of patients' dreams and other reports.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freud changed his theory from emphasizing childhood...

Question 16

Which of these was an important part of Freud's theory of mental illness?&#10;A)Genetic differences in neurotransmitter receptors&#10;B)Failure to achieve self-actualization&#10;C)Symbolic meanings hidden in the collective unconscious&#10;D)Sexual fantasies in early childhood

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these was an important part...

Question 17

What is meant by a &#34;psychodynamic&#34; theory?&#160;&#8203;&#10;A)Theory that emphasizes consciousness, values, and abstract beliefs&#10;B)&#8203;Theory that seeks general principles of personality, based on studies of many people&#10;C)&#8203;Theory that relates personality to conflicting forces within the individual&#10;D)&#8203;Theory that relates personality to the behaviors advantageous throughout evolution

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is meant by a &#34;psychodynamic&#34; theory?&#160;&#8203;&#10;A)Theory...

Question 18

In Freud's theory,what is an Oedipus complex?&#10;A)A child's belief in being superior to other people and destined for greatness&#10;B)A child's fear of being destroyed by magical forces&#10;C)A boy's sexual interest in his mother and aggression toward his father&#10;D)A girl's conflict between remaining a child and growing into a woman

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what is an Oedipus complex?&#10;A)A...

Question 19

Which term refers to a release of pent-up tension?&#10;A)Projection&#10;B)Reaction formation&#10;C)Displacement&#10;D)Catharsis&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term refers to a release of...

Question 20

&#8203;Freud's theory is an example of which type of personality theory?&#10;A)Learning&#160;&#10;B)&#8203;Psychodynamic&#10;C)&#8203;Psychometric&#160;&#10;D)&#8203;Humanistic

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Freud's theory is an example of which...

Question 21

&#8203;What is a common criticism of Freud's theory of psychosexual stages?&#10;A)Different children go through the stages in different orders.&#10;B)&#8203;His theory applies only to disorders and says nothing about normal development.&#10;C)&#8203;His theory is difficult or impossible to test.&#10;D)&#8203;The theory makes different predictions for girls than for boys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;What is a common criticism of Freud's...

Question 22

&#8203;In Freud's theory,what is &#34;libido&#34;?&#10;A)Unconscious forces&#10;B)&#8203;Sexual energy&#10;C)&#8203;Repressed memories&#10;D)&#8203;Self-actualization

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In Freud's theory,what is &#34;libido&#34;?&#10;A)Unconscious forces&#10;B)&#8203;Sexual energy&#10;C)&#8203;Repressed...

Question 23

According to Freud,too-strict toilet training causes fixation in which stage of psychosexual development?&#10;A)Genital&#10;B)Anal&#10;C)Latent&#10;D)Oral&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,too-strict toilet training causes fixation...

Question 24

In Freud's theory,which stage is marked by suppression of sexual interest?&#10;A)Genital&#10;B)Anal&#10;C)Latent&#10;D)Oral&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,which stage is marked by...

Question 25

In Freud's theory,what is a boy's fear during the phallic stage?&#10;A)Separation from his family&#10;B)Rejection by children his own age&#10;C)A sense of inadequacy or inferiority&#10;D)Having his penis cut off

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what is a boy's fear...

Question 26

In Freud's theory,what is a boy experiencing if he develops a sexual interest in his mother?&#8203;&#10;A)Schizophrenia&#10;B)&#8203;An Oedipus complex&#10;C)&#8203;Collective unconscious&#10;D)&#8203;Reaction formation

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what is a boy experiencing...

Question 27

According to Freud,what was the order of stages of psychosexual development?&#10;A)Anal, latent, oral, genital, phallic&#10;B)Latent, oral, anal, genital, phallic&#10;C)Latent, anal, oral, genital, phallic&#10;D)Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,what was the order of...

Question 28

According to Freud,which of these was an important determinant of personality?&#10;A)Genetic variations in neurotransmitters&#10;B)Fixation of libido at an early stage&#10;C)Choice of one's life goals&#10;D)Efforts to achieve self-actualization

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,which of these was an...

Question 29

According to Freud,fixation at the oral stage might lead to what?&#8203;&#10;A)Drinking, smoking, and overeating&#10;B)&#8203;Orderliness and stinginess&#10;C)&#8203;Messy and wasteful behavior&#10;D)&#8203;Friendliness and concern for others

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,fixation at the oral stage...

Question 30

According to Freud,either orderliness or messiness suggests fixation at which stage?&#10;A)Genital&#10;B)Anal&#10;C)Latent&#10;D)Oral

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,either orderliness or messiness suggests...

Question 31

According to Freud,what happens if sexual development is blocked or frustrated at some stage?&#10;A)Catharsis&#10;B)Reaction formation&#10;C)Sublimation&#160;&#10;D)Fixation&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,what happens if sexual development...

Question 32

According to Sigmund Freud,what might stop someone from reaching the genital stage?&#10;A)Lack of proper balance between conscious and unconscious drives&#10;B)Fixation of libido at an earlier stage&#10;C)Inadequate hormones during puberty&#10;D)Failure to experience an Oedipus complex

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Sigmund Freud,what might stop someone...

Question 33

In Freud's theory,what happens during the latent period of psychosexual development?&#10;A)Pleasure equally from all parts of the body&#10;B)Pleasure from the child's own genitals&#10;C)Interest in others' genitals&#10;D)Suppression of sexual interest

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what happens during the latent...

Question 34

&#8203;In Freud's theory,lasting worries about dependence and independence suggest fixation at what stage?&#10;A)Genital&#10;B)&#8203;Anal&#10;C)&#8203;Latent&#10;D)&#8203;Oral&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In Freud's theory,lasting worries about dependence and...

Question 35

In Freud's theory,fixation at the anal stage might lead to which type of behaviors?&#10;A)Either orderliness or messiness&#10;B)Drinking, smoking, and overeating&#10;C)Avoidance of other people&#10;D)Tension and competitiveness

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,fixation at the anal stage...

Question 36

&#8203;In Freud's theory,what happens to libido as a child grows older?&#10;A)It moves from the conscious mind to the unconscious mind.&#10;B)&#8203;It moves from the id to the ego, and then to the superego.&#10;C)&#8203;It flows from one body part to another.&#10;D)&#8203;It gradually fades away.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In Freud's theory,what happens to libido as...

Question 37

In Freud's theory,orderly,stingy,stubborn behaviors suggest fixation at what stage?&#10;A)Genital&#10;B)Anal&#10;C)Latent&#10;D)Oral&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,orderly,stingy,stubborn behaviors suggest fixation at...

Question 38

&#8203;Toward whom does a boy feel sexual attraction during the Oedipus complex?&#10;A)His mother&#10;B)&#8203;His father&#10;C)&#8203;Himself&#10;D)&#8203;No one

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;Toward whom does a boy feel sexual...

Question 39

In Freud's theory,what is the &#34;id&#34;?&#8203;&#10;A)A set of biological drives that seek gratification&#10;B)&#8203;The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught&#10;C)&#8203;The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious&#10;D)&#8203;The rational part of personality that makes decisions

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what is the &#34;id&#34;?&#8203;&#10;A)A set...

Question 40

According to Freud,what are the first and last stages of psychosexual development?&#10;A)The first is the oral stage and the last is the genital stage.&#10;B)The first is the latent stage and the last is the genital stage.&#10;C)The first is the latent stage and the last is the phallic stage.&#10;D)The first is the oral stage and the last is the latent stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,what are the first and...

Question 41

Why does the evidence for suppression of an unpleasant memory fail to support Freud's concept of repression of memories?&#10;A)Suppression occurs in childhood, whereas repression occurs in adults.&#10;B)Freud thought that repression occurred equally for pleasant and unpleasant memories.&#10;C)Intentional suppression generally improves mental health.&#10;D)Suppression is permanent, whereas repression is temporary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does the evidence for suppression of...

Question 42

If someone has great inhibitions and guilt feelings,what would be Freud's interpretation?&#10;A)Strong id&#10;B)Strong ego&#10;C)Weak ego&#10;D)Strong superego

Accepted Answer

The answer of If someone has great inhibitions and guilt...

Question 43

If someone quickly yields to every temptation,what would be Freud's interpretation?&#10;A)Strong id and weak superego&#10;B)Weak id and strong superego&#10;C)Strong id and strong ego&#10;D)Weak ego and strong superego

Accepted Answer

The answer of If someone quickly yields to every temptation,what...

Question 44

What did Freud mean by repression?&#8203;&#10;A)Suppressing or preventing an urge&#10;B)&#8203;Making an unpleasant thought or memory unconscious&#10;C)&#8203;Refusal to believe that something is true&#10;D)&#8203;Unkind treatment of a person or group

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Freud mean by repression?&#8203;&#10;A)Suppressing or...

Question 45

In Freud's theory,what is the &#34;ego&#34;?&#10;A)A set of biological drives that seek gratification&#10;B)The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught&#10;C)The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious&#10;D)The rational part of personality that makes decisions

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what is the &#34;ego&#34;?&#10;A)A set...

Question 46

What does research say about Freud's concept of repression?&#10;A)Repression is one of the main causes of forgetting.&#10;B)Repression occurs only after a traumatic experience.&#10;C)Repression is one of the main causes of neurotic tendencies.&#10;D)No evidence clearly supports the idea of repression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research say about Freud's concept...

Question 47

In Freud's theory,what is the &#34;superego&#34;?&#10;A)A set of biological drives that seek gratification&#10;B)The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught&#10;C)The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious&#10;D)The rational part of personality that makes decisions

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,what is the &#34;superego&#34;?&#10;A)A set...

Question 48

&#8203;In Freud's theory,what causes a thought,desire,or memory to become unconscious?&#10;A)Repression&#10;B)&#8203;The id&#10;C)&#8203;Sublimation&#10;D)Reaction formation

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In Freud's theory,what causes a thought,desire,or memory...

Question 49

Which of the following could be a possible example of Freud's concept of repression?&#8203;&#10;A)Someone reacts to a frustration by throwing a temper tantrum like a child.&#10;B)&#8203;Someone with violent tendencies claims to see violent tendencies in other people.&#10;C)&#8203;Someone witnesses a brutal crime and then forgets the details.&#10;D)&#8203;Someone describes the details of a brutal crime without any expression of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following could be a...

Question 50

&#8203;In Freud's theory,which part of your personality is similar to the term conscience?&#10;A)The id&#10;B)&#8203;The ego&#10;C)&#8203;The superego&#10;D)&#8203;The unconscious

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In Freud's theory,which part of your personality...

Question 51

&#8203;In Freud's theory,what does repression do?&#10;A)It decreases activity level.&#10;B)&#8203;It keeps unacceptable thoughts out of consciousness.&#10;C)&#8203;It maintains a balance among competing forces within the personality.&#10;D)&#8203;If forces people to do something they don't want to do.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;In Freud's theory,what does repression do?&#10;A)It decreases...

Question 52

A student who wants to avoid studying says,&#34;I can concentrate harder tomorrow if I spend tonight relaxing.&#34; This appears to be an example of what?&#8203;&#10;A)Projection&#10;B)&#8203;Reaction formation&#10;C)&#8203;Sublimation&#10;D)&#8203;Rationalization

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student who wants to avoid studying...

Question 53

What did Freud mean by rationalization?&#8203;&#10;A)Going to the opposite extreme to cover up an undesirable quality&#10;B)&#8203;Diverting an impulse away from its target toward a less threatening target&#10;C)&#8203;Trying to argue that your actions were justified&#10;D)&#8203;Attributing your undesirable qualities to someone else

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Freud mean by rationalization?&#8203;&#10;A)Going to...

Question 54

According to Freud,the superego is the part of your personality that does what?&#10;A)Tells you what not to do&#10;B)Seeks immediate gratification&#10;C)Makes the final decision about what to do&#10;D)Strives for a feeling of superiority

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Freud,the superego is the part...

Question 55

&#8203;According to Freud,what does repression cause?&#10;A)Unawareness of something&#10;B)&#8203;Anxiety&#10;C)&#8203;The superego&#10;D)&#8203;Progression from one psychosexual stage to the next

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;According to Freud,what does repression cause?&#10;A)Unawareness of...

Question 56

&#8203;According to Freud,what do the &#34;defense mechanisms&#34; defend against?&#10;A)Anxiety&#10;B)&#8203;The superego&#10;C)&#8203;The id&#10;D)&#8203;The unconscious

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;According to Freud,what do the &#34;defense mechanisms&#34;...

Question 57

Someone who goes through a painful divorce forgets most of the details later.This could be a possible example of which defense mechanism?&#10;A)Reaction formation&#10;B)Repression&#10;C)Regression&#10;D)Projection&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who goes through a painful divorce...

Question 58

A politician refuses to believe evidence that contradicts his/her position on an issue.This is an apparent example of which defense mechanism?&#8203;&#10;A)Projection&#10;B)&#8203;Displacement&#10;C)&#8203;Denial&#10;D)&#8203;Sublimation&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A politician refuses to believe evidence that...

Question 59

&#8203;What was Freud's concept of denial?&#10;A)Refusal to believe something&#10;B)&#8203;Making an unpleasant thought or memory unconscious&#10;C)&#8203;Returning to the behavior of an earlier age of life&#10;D)&#8203;A large river in Egypt

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#8203;What was Freud's concept of denial?&#10;A)Refusal to...

Question 60

Someone who engages in unprotected sex believes,&#34;No harm will come from it.&#34; This appears to be an example of which defense mechanism?&#10;A)Regression&#10;B)Reaction formation&#10;C)Projection&#10;D)Denial&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who engages in unprotected sex believes,&#34;No...

Question 61

A politician distressed about his own secret history of taking bribes proposes strict penalties against offering bribes.His behavior is a possible example of which Freudian defense mechanism?&#10;A)Projection&#10;B)Reaction formation&#10;C)Regression&#10;D)Displacement&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A politician distressed about his own secret...

Question 62

Someone reacts to a romantic breakup by pouting like a child.This is an example of which defense mechanism?&#10;A)Repression&#10;B)Regression&#10;C)Reaction formation&#10;D)Sublimation&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone reacts to a romantic breakup by...

Question 63

Someone who notices possible symptoms of cancer reports anxieties about a leaky faucet.This is a possible example of which defense mechanism?&#10;A)Regression&#10;B)Projection&#10;C)Displacement&#10;D)Sublimation&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Someone who notices possible symptoms of cancer...

Question 64

A politician who tells half-truths about the opponent says,&#34;I do this only to help the country get better leaders.&#34; This may be an example of which defense mechanism?&#10;A)Displacement&#10;B)Projection&#10;C)Rationalization&#10;D)Sublimation&#160;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A politician who tells half-truths about the...

Deck 14: Personalitypersonality