Question 1

Select the correct order for the four phases of cancer.&#10;1)dissemination&#10;2)invasion&#10;3)induction&#10;4)in situ&#10;A)3, 4, 2, 1&#10;B)4, 3, 1, 2&#10;C)1, 2, 3, 4&#10;D)1, 3, 4, 2

Accepted Answer

Cancer is a long-term process and progresses through four obligatory phases: an induction phase, an in-situ phase, an invasion phase, and a dissemination phase.

Question 2

Which class of tumors is the most aggressive and has the worst prognosis?&#10;A)well differentiated&#10;B)moderately well differentiated&#10;C)moderately differentiated&#10;D)poorly differentiated

Accepted Answer

Classification of tumors is used to describe the degree of tumor differentiation.Tumors are classified as well differentiated, moderately well differentiated, and poorly differentiated.Poorly differentiated tumors are more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis.

Question 3

Which gene(s) has/have been identified as most likely to contribute to an inherited susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer?&#10;A)BRCA1&#10;B)BRCA2&#10;C)BRCA3&#10;D)both a and b

Accepted Answer

At least eight genes have been identified that may contribute to an inherited susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, the most important of which are BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Question 4

Why are cancers of white blood cells more common than heart cancers?&#10;A)White blood cells proliferate.&#10;B)White blood cells have less protection against cancer development than heart cells.&#10;C)Blood flow through the heart prevents heart cancers.&#10;D)The heart has natural immunity to cancer development.

Accepted Answer

Because white blood cells proliferate, there is far greater potential for the expression of genetic lesions and for the process of cell division to become unregulated.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are true of oncogenes?&#10;A)When activated inappropriately, it will result in the transition from normal cells to a wildly proliferating, uncontrolled cell mass that characterizes cancer.&#10;B)Oncogenes act in a dominant fashion.&#10;C)The majority of oncogenes are the result of mutations of normal cell regulatory genes.&#10;D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

An oncogene is defined as a gene that, when activated inappropriately, results in the transition from normal, well-regulated cells to the wildly proliferating, uncontrolled cell mass that characterizes cancer.Only one copy of the gene needs to be mutated for the genotype to affect the phenotype, so oncogenes are said to act in a dominant fashion.The majority of oncogenes are the result of mutations of normal cell regulatory genes.

Question 6

Which of the following tests may be selected for screening for cancers?&#10;A)mammography&#10;B)PSA&#10;C)occult blood&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

A common example of a screening test is mammography to screen for breast cancer.Because of the limitations of most tumor markers, poor sensitivity and specificity, only a few have been approved for screening specific cancers.These include prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and occult blood for colorectal cancer.

Question 7

Which of the following are characteristic of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia?
1)decreased levels of monoclonal IgM in the serum
2)excess lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the bone marrow
3)involvement of visceral organs, including the liver and spleen

A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3
C)1, 3
D)1, 2

Accepted Answer

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is characterized by elevated levels of monoclonal IgM in the serum, excess lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the bone marrow, and in contrast to multiple myeloma, the involvement of visceral organs, including the liver and spleen.

Question 8

CA-125 is elevated in the serum of patients with __________.&#10;A)colorectal cancer&#10;B)breast cancer&#10;C)ovarian cancer&#10;D)prostate cancer

Accepted Answer

Serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), a glycoprotein antigen, is elevated in the serum of patients with ovarian cancer.Increased concentrations of CA-125 were found in many patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and in ovarian teratoma.Changes in CA-125 concentrations in serum during chemotherapy mirrored the progress of the disease as assessed by clinical and radiological evidence.

Question 9

What test is used to assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer?&#10;A)estrogen receptor assay&#10;B)CA-125&#10;C)progesterone receptor assay&#10;D)both a and c

Accepted Answer

Both estrogen and progesterone receptor assays are used to assess prognosis of patients with breast cancer.These tests evaluate the relative concentration of receptors for estrogen and progesterone in breast tumor tissue excised during surgery to select patients likely to respond to endocrine therapy.

Question 10

Cancer has been described as a multistage genetic process.Put the following stages in the correct order.
1)growing of mutant cells
2)chromosome breakdown and rearrangement
3)DNA damage
4)gene replication

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)3, 2, 4, 1
C)1, 4, 2, 3
D)3, 1, 4, 2

Accepted Answer

Cancer has been described as a multistage genetic process.The stages of this process include: initial DNA damage; chromosome breakdown and rearrangement; gene replication; growing of mutant cells.

Question 11

The following are characteristics of what class of multiple myeloma?
No M-protein in serum and/or urine with immunofixation
Bone marrow clonal plasma cells >10% or plasmacytoma
Related organ or tissue impairment (end-organ damage, including bone lesions)

A)symptomatic multiple myeloma
B)nonsecretory multiple myeloma
C)asymptomatic multiple myeloma
D)MGUS

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following are characteristics of what class...

Question 12

Which of the following play a role in determining a cancer's ability to invade surrounding tissue?&#10;A)decreased motility of cells&#10;B)decreased pressure within the tumor caused by active multiplication of the cells&#10;C)decreased cohesiveness between cells&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following play a role...

Question 13

Apoptosis:&#10;1)serves two functions in the body, cell termination and homeostasis&#10;2)can occur when a cell is damaged beyond repair&#10;3)can occur when a cell undergoes stress conditions such as starvation&#10;4)the signal for apoptosis can only come from within the cell&#10;A)1, 2, 3, 4&#10;B)1, 3, 4&#10;C)1, 2, 3&#10;D)2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Apoptosis:&#10;1)serves two functions in the body, cell...

Question 14

Protein electrophoresis is helpful when what disease state is suspected?&#10;A)multiple myeloma&#10;B)Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia&#10;C)MGUS&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Protein electrophoresis is helpful when what disease...

Question 15

Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is made by which of the following criteria?
1)a monoclonal M protein in the plasma or urine
2)infiltration of plasma cells in the bone marrow
3)lytic lesions on radiographs of the skeleton
4)hypocalcemia

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diagnosis of multiple myeloma is made by...

Question 16

During which phase of cancer does the transformed cell actually develop into a cancer, but the cancer remains in the original site?&#10;A)dissemination&#10;B)invasion&#10;C)induction&#10;D)in situ

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which phase of cancer does the...

Question 17

The only tumor marker currently approved for screening of the general population is _________.&#10;A)PSA&#10;B)CEA&#10;C)PAP&#10;D)AFP

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only tumor marker currently approved for...

Question 18

Select the correct sequence of steps that must occur for the development of colorectal cancer.
1)Mutations of tumor suppressor gene 53 and deletions on chromosome 18q coincide with transition to malignancy.
2)Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (AOC) tumor-suppressor gene occur early in the development of polyps.
3)Oncogenic K-ras mutations arise during the adenomatous stage.

A)1, 2, 3
B)2, 3, 1
C)3, 1, 2
D)2, 1, 3

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the correct sequence of steps that...

Deck 53: Neoplasia