Deck 30: Renal Function

Question 1

Fanconi syndrome is a group of renal defects resulting in:
1)glucosuria
2)aminoaciduria
3)hypophosphatemia
4)renal tubular acidosis

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Answer 1

1, 2, 3, 4

Question 2

When following the urinary system, the renal pelvis rapidly diminishes in caliber and merges into the ______.Each of these descends in the abdomen alongside the vertebral column to join the ______, which provides temporary storage for urine, which is eventually voided through the _____ to the exterior.

A)urethra, kidney, ureter
B)ureter, kidney, urethra
C)ureter, bladder, urethra
D)urethra, bladder, ureter

Answer 2

ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 3

In stage 4 of chronic kidney disease, the glomerular filtration rate is:

A)between 15 and 30
B)between 30 and 60
C)between 60 and 90
D)greater than 90

Answer 3

between 15 and 30

Question 4

A small fraction of filtered sodium, chloride, and water is reabsorbed in _____________.

A)the ascending loop of Henle
B)the descending loop of Henle
C)the proximal tubule
D)the distal convoluted tubule

Question 5

All filtered glucose and most of the filtered amino acids are normally reabsorbed in ___________.

A)the ascending loop of Henle
B)the descending loop of Henle
C)the proximal tubule
D)the distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

The kidney is able to carry out its complex functions because approximately ______of the volume of blood pumped by the heart into the systemic circulation is circulated through the kidneys.Therefore, the kidneys, which constitute about ______ of total body weight, receive ______ of the cardiac output.

A)25%, 0.5%, 1/4
B)0.5%, 25%, 1/4
C)25%, 0.5%, 1/2
D)50%, 25%, 1/2

Question 7

When the human body needs to conserve water, as in dehydration, the concentration mechanism operates maximally, and the urine osmolality will change to about ______.When there is excess water in the body, urine flow ______, and the diluting mechanism can change urine osmolality to approximately ______.

A)50 mOsm/kg, decreases, 1200 mOsm/kg
B)1200 mOsm/kg, increases, 50 mOsm/kg
C)1200 mOsm/kg, decreases, 1200 mOsm/kg
D)50 mOsm/kg, increases, 1200 mOsm/kg

Question 8

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis?
0 to 1+ protein
0 to 10 RBCs per high power field
>30 WBCs per high power field
2+ bacteria
Granular white blood cell casts

A)glomerulonephritis
B)nephrotic syndrome
C)pyelonephritis
D)these are normal urine findings

Question 9

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis?
4+ protein
0 to 10 RBCs per high power field
0 to 5 WBCs per high power field
0 bacteria
Oval fat bodies
Hyaline casts

A)glomerulonephritis
B)nephrotic syndrome
C)pyelonephritis
D)these are normal urine findings

Question 10

Underneath the capsule of fibrous tissue that encloses the kidney lies the renal cortex, which contains the ______ and the ______.

A)collecting ducts, glomeruli
B)glomeruli, renal tubules
C)tubules, collecting ducts
D)none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is an/are important function(s) of the kidney?

A)regulation of acid-base balance
B)hormonal function
C)protein conservation
D)all of the above

Question 12

___________ is the major cation found in extracellular fluid, and therefore regulation of this is the critical factor in the maintenance of body fluid volume.

A)Sodium
B)Chloride
C)Potassium
D)Phosphorus

Question 13

In acute glomerulonephritis, BUN will be ______, serum creatinine levels will be ______, and the GFR will be ______.

A)decreased, increased, decreased
B)increased, decreased, increased
C)decreased, decreased, increased
D)increased, increased, decreased

Question 14

Each kidney is made up of approximately 1 million nephrons.The nephron begins with the ______.This is surrounded by ______, which is formed by the blind, dilated end of the ______.

A)Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, renal tubule
B)renal tubule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus
C)renal tubule, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule
D)glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, renal tubule

Question 15

Potassium is freely filtered at the ______, and ______ occurs throughout the nephron, except in the ______.

A)descending loop of Henle, active tubular reabsorption, glomerulus
B)ascending loop of Henle, active tubular reabsorption, glomerulus
C)glomerulus, active tubular reabsorption, descending loop of Henle
D)glomerulus, active tubular reabsorption, ascending loop of Henle

Question 16

Normal urine output is approximately _____________ per day.

A)500 mL
B)1000 mL
C)1500 mL
D)2500 mL

Question 17

Body pH is controlled by:

A)acid-base buffers
B)the lungs
C)the kidneys
D)all of the above