Question 1

What would be the laboratory interpretation of the following laboratory data for a hepatitis B serology profile?
HBsAg - negative
AHBcT - positive
AHBs - positive

A)susceptible
B)immune due to natural infection
C)immune due to vaccination
D)acutely infected

immune due to natural infection

Accepted Answer

Levels of HBsAg generally become undetectable within 6 months of the onset of acute infection.Presence of aHBs becomes detectable approximately 6 months after infection, and its appearance usually correlates with serum levels of HBsAg becoming undetectable.Presence of aHBcT indicates either a past or current infection of hepatitis B.

Question 2

______ is the current diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection, with detection being less than ______ after infection.&#10;A)HBcAg, 2 weeks&#10;B)aHBsAg, 2 weeks&#10;C)HBsAg, 4 weeks&#10;D)aHBsAg, 4 weeks

Accepted Answer

The detection of serum HBsAg is used as the diagnostic marker for current infection of hepatitis B.Its appearance in blood is the earliest serologic marker that can be detected after hepatitis B infection, usually less than four weeks after infection.

Question 3

Typically, serum levels of HBsAg peak around _____ after infection, _____ during the recovery phase, and generally become undetectable within ______ of the onset of acute infection.&#10;A)8 to 12 weeks, decrease, 6 months&#10;B)4 to 6 weeks, increase, 3 months&#10;C)8 to 12 weeks, decrease, 3 months&#10;D)4 to 6 weeks, increase, 6 months

Accepted Answer

Typically, serum levels of HBsAg peak around 8 to 12 weeks after infection, fall during the recovery phase, and generally become undetectable with 6 months of the onset of acute infection.

Question 4

What would be the laboratory interpretation of the following laboratory data for a hepatitis B serology profile?
HBsAg - negative
AHBcT - positive
AHBs - positive

A)susceptible
B)immune due to natural infection
C)immune due to vaccination
D)acutely infected

immune due to natural infection

Accepted Answer

This patient has never been exposed to or immunized against HBV.A negative aHBcT result indicates that a patient has never been infected by or vaccinated against HBV.

Question 5

__________ is a point mutation in a highly antigenic determinant of HBsAg that allows the person infected with this viral genotype to escape passive or active immunization against hepatitis B.&#10;A)Stop code mutant&#10;B)Escape mutant&#10;C)Hepatitis mutant&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Escape mutant is a point mutation in a highly antigenic determinant of HBsAg that allows the person infected with this viral genotype to escape passive or active immunization against hepatitis B.

Question 6

The following information is characteristic of which hepatitis virus?
Viral classification - Deltaviridae
Viral envelope - present
Incubation time (days to clinical symptoms) - 21 to 50 days
Route of transmission - blood, fluids
Genome - particle G-negative ssRNA
Size of genome - 1.7 kbases

A)HAV
B)HBV
C)HCV
D)HDV

Accepted Answer

All of the above are characteristics of hepatitis A virus

Question 7

What is the correct order for the four phases of an acute, symptomatic, viral hepatitis infection?&#10;A)convalescence, pre-icteric, icteric, incubation&#10;B)incubation, pre-icteric, convalescence, icteric&#10;C)convalescence, incubation pre-icteric, icteric&#10;D)incubation, pre-icteric, icteric, convalescence

Accepted Answer

In general, an acute symptomatic viral hepatitis infection goes through four phases: incubation, pre-icteric, icteric, and convalescence.

Question 8

The clinical significance of virus genotypes is that they sometimes play an important role in determining treatment.Which hepatitis virus has genotypes 1 through 6?&#10;A)HAV&#10;B)HBV&#10;C)HCV&#10;D)HEV

Accepted Answer

HCV has six genotypes, which do play a role in treatment.Genotypes I and IV are much less responsive to treatment than types II and III.

Question 9

Laboratory indicators of acute liver disease are serum bilirubin levels that are ______, serum AST that is ______, and serum ALT that is ______.&#10;A)decreased, increased, increased&#10;B)decreased, increased, decreased&#10;C)increased, increased, increased&#10;D)increased, increased, decreased

Accepted Answer

Laboratory indicators of acute liver disease are (1) a rise in serum bilirubin (unconjugated) to approximately 2.5 mg/dL or above due to loss of metabolic ability and (2) an elevation of the serum transaminases AST and ALT, observed during the late incubation phase and peaks in the early icteric phase.The peak values of AST and ALT are more than 8 times the upper limits of their reference intervals, and the AST/ALT ratio is usually less than 1.

Question 10

Which of the following are characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV)?
1)HCV is transmitted through blood, needle sharing, sexually.
2)HCV is the primary cause of chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis.
3)HCV currently has a vaccine available.
4)The majority of HCV-infected patients are asymptomatic.

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 2, 4
C)1, 3, 4
D)2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

HCV is transmitted through blood, needle sharing, and sexual activity, and it is known to be the primary cause of chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis.The majority of HCV-infected patients are asymptomatic.Currently, however, there is no vaccine available to immunize against HCV.

Question 11

The combination of test results of the hepatitis B virus serological markers can be used to:
1)identify carrier status.
2)identify vaccination status.
3)differentiate the stage of an active infection.
4)estimate the clinical outcome of the disease.

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 2, 3
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of The combination of test results of the...

Question 12

The following information is characteristic of which hepatitis virus?
Viral classification - Deltaviridae
Viral envelope - present
Incubation time (days to clinical symptoms) - 21 to 50 days
Route of transmission - blood, fluids
Genome - particle G-negative ssRNA
Size of genome - 1.7 kbases

A)HAV
B)HBV
C)HCV
D)HDV

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following information is characteristic of which...

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true of hepatitis A virus?&#10;A)Prophylactic treatment with immune globulin has been recommended after exposure.&#10;B)The peak of infectivity occurs during the 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms.&#10;C)Serum ALT levels peak 2 to 3 weeks after infection.&#10;D)HAV can be detected in the stools of patients 3 to 4 weeks before symptoms develop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is not...

Question 14

_____________________ is a version of the Western blot technique and is used to confirm the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in a patient's serum.&#10;A)Open reading frame&#10;B)Nucleic acid testing&#10;C)Recombinant immunoblot assay&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________________ is a version of the Western...

Question 15

Which of the following is true of hepatitis E virus (HEV)?&#10;A)Five major genotypes have been identified.&#10;B)The prevalence of HEV infection is highest in young adult males.&#10;C)HEV causes mild hepatitis.&#10;D)All of the above are true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of the icteric phase of an acute, symptomatic, viral hepatitis infection?
1)yellowing of the sclera of the eye
2)decreased ability of the injured liver to clear conjugated bilirubin into the bile duct
3)increasing serum levels of conjugated bilirubin
4)dark yellow urine

A)1, 2, 3, 4
B)1, 2, 3
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is characteristic of...

Question 17

For hepatitis delta virus to be present, what other hepatitis virus must the patient have?&#10;A)HAV&#10;B)HBV&#10;C)HCV&#10;D)HEV

Accepted Answer

The answer of For hepatitis delta virus to be present,...

Deck 32: Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis