Deck 19: An Era of Totalitarianism

Question 1

Which of the following proved to be a prophet of totalitarianism?

A) D. H. Lawrence
B) Franz Kafka
C) T.S. Eliot
D) Carl Gustav Jung
E) Oswald Spengler

Answer 1

Franz Kafka

Question 2

When Francisco Franco revolted against the Spanish republic, he received the support of

A) the army.
B) the church.
C) monarchists.
D) landlords.
E) All of these gave Franco total support.

Answer 2

All of these gave Franco total support.

Question 3

The term New Deal refers to

A) Roosevelt's economic program to get America out of the Great Depression.
B) Dollfuss's coming to terms with the Austrian Social Democrats.
C) the American decision to start sending ships to Britain during World War II.
D) Britain's decision to devalue the pound.
E) Germany's economic program after World War I.

Answer 3

Roosevelt's economic program to get America out of the Great Depression.

Question 4

What was the attitude of Italian industrialists and major landowners toward fascism?

A) They viewed it as a major threat to social stability.
B) They claimed to support it but withheld financial support.
C) They tried to ignore it.
D) They provided it with important financial support.
E) They rejected it and organized to oppose it.

Question 5

During the Russian Civil War, the White Army

A) received support from foreign governments.
B) was led by Trotsky.
C) was manned and staffed by compulsory military service.
D) murdered the royal family.
E) was supported by the United States to offset expansionist goals of Japan.

Question 6

Which of the following gave the German chancellor the right to make law?

A) Article 48
B) Nuremberg Laws
C) Advocacy Act
D) Hitler never received this "right," he simply took it.
E) Enabling Act

Question 7

The results of Stalin's collectivization included which of the following?

A) More peasants owned land.
B) Kulaks became important local political leaders in the Ukraine.
C) As patriots, peasants embraced the idea of collectivization.
D) Grain was exported from the Ukraine although it meant it left little food for the starving Ukrainians.
E) The system destroyed all vintages of serfdom.

Question 8

The Fascist regime in Italy did all of the following except

A) attack the Vatican.
B) eliminate non-Fascists from the cabinet.
C) dissolve opposition parties.
D) smash the independent trade unions.
E) suppress opposition newspapers.

Question 9

Totalitarianism may justly be said to

A) be related to both communism and fascism.
B) influence all aspects of culture.
C) involve terror and force.
D) abolish all competing political parties
E) Totalitarianism symbolized all of these.

Question 10

The Communists, under the regime of Lenin, did each of the following except

A) consolidate power in the politburo.
B) establish a system of forced labor camps.
C) disband the Cheka.
D) initiate an atheistic policy.
E) change the calendar to the Gregorian system prevailing in the capitalist West.

Question 11

The ultimate point of collectivization was to

A) exterminate the peasants.
B) fund rapid industrialization.
C) conscript peasants into the army.
D) bring women into agricultural labor.
E) allow peasants to be attached to their own land.

Question 12

Historians would agree that Mussolini

A) was determined to gain power legally.
B) gave in to party pressure of the ras and immediately abandoned the governmental institutions in Italy.
C) relied on the counsel of Matteotti.
D) succeeded because the liberal Italian government was weak.
E) was successful because King Victor Emmanuel III was in love with the Fascists.

Question 13

Each of the following was part of the formative experiences of Hitler except

A) a month-long imprisonment for vagrancy in Vienna.
B) combat experience in World War I.
C) the influence of Karl Lueger.
D) the propaganda of the Pan-German movement.
E) rejection for admission by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

Question 14

The official style in art and literature of the communist regime was known as

A) comintern.
B) commissaries.
C) collectivization.
D) socialist realism.
E) Kulaks.

Question 15

The authors of your text refer to each of the following as components of fascism except

A) the abandonment of individual freedom.
B) rejection of Western civilization by intellectuals.
C) theories supporting the equality of all groups in a fascist state.
D) a stress on action.
E) exaltation of the leader.

Question 16

In reaction to the policy of War Communism, the Communist Party adopted a New Economic Policy (NEP) which included all of the following EXCEPT

A) the government controlled banking and finance.
B) peasants were allowed to sell their goods in an open market.
C) capitalism in any form was forbidden.
D) transportation remained under the control of the government.
E) gave part of their crop to the government.

Question 17

Under the New Economic Policy, the Bolsheviks

A) confiscated the last remaining small businesses and peasant farms in Russia.
B) gave up control of banks and the steel industry.
C) funneled government investment towards consumer industries.
D) allowed for the return to small-scale capitalism.
E) controlled all the crop harvests of the peasants.

Question 18

The principles of fascism were not related to

A) intellectual discussion and critical analysis.
B) comparisons to democratic thought.
C) appeal to the emotions of the crowd.
D) anti-Marxism.
E) Enlightenment principles.

Question 19

The Dawes Plan contributed to Germany economic recovery in the 1920s because it

A) forced the French out of the Ruhr
B) allowed the Germans to print a new German currency which was based on real estate value
C) avoided inflation by stopping the printing of money.
D) attracted foreign investments.
E) reduced reparations based on the German economic capacity.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A) Politically, totalitarianism began with the era of Caesar.
B) Totalitarianism is referred to as extreme democracy.
C) Totalitarian leaders are seen as infallible and invincible.
D) To the masses Totalitarianism envision a battle for cultural and social equality.
E) Totalitarian leaders emphasize the power of the individual.

Question 21

The Dada art movement was originally formed

A) to wrest control of the salons and galleries from the Impressionists.
B) to protest Nazi policies against Jews.
C) in revulsion against World War I.
D) in opposition to the legalization of birth control in France.
E) to protest the rise of Hitler to power.

Question 22

In his book The Myth of the State, Ernst Cassirer

A) defended the racial policy of Nazi Germany.​
B) explained the rise of Stalin.​
C) described Nazism as a culmination of mythical thinking.
D) castigated Mussolini for his failure to restore Italian glory.​
E) questioned the future of nation-states as viable political structure.​

Question 23

Which of the following was an indictment of totalitarianism?

A) The Revolt of the Masses
B) The Treason of the Intellectuals
C) Animal Farm
D) White Crucifixion
E) The Myth of the State

Question 24

Pablo Picasso's Guernica​

A) memorialized a Spanish village bombed during the Spanish Civil War.
B) condemned the brutality of collectivization in the Ukraine.​
C) depicted the Holocaust.​
D) was the first anti-war novel published after WWI.
E) was an allegory of the failures of communism.

Question 25

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Dadaism

Question 26

Oswald Spengler argued that civilizations like living organisms, experience

A) feudalism, capitalism, and socialism.
B) hunting and gathering, herding, and farming.
C) religion, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism.
D) birth, youth, maturity, and death.
E) birth, youth, maturity, old age, and death.

Question 27

Which of the following was an anti-war novel?

A) The Road to Wigan Pier
B) For Whom the Bell Tolls
C) The Grapes of Wrath
D) All Quiet on the Western Front
E) The Trial

Question 28

According to the text, Mann's The Magic Mountain is an allegory for

A) a group of tuberculosis patients in a sanitarium.
B) the decomposition of the bourgeois west.
C) the avant-garde artistic community.
D) the Hollywood film community.
E) the collapse of Communism.

Question 29

Jose Ortega y Gasset defined his "mass-men" as

A) the proletariat.
B) the peasantry.
C) those that cannot or will not think rationally.
D) those who have not received a higher education.
E) the elite.

Question 30

Who wrote The Waste Land?

A) T. S. Eliot​
B) Hanna Arendt
C) Paul Sartre
D) D. H. Lawrence​
E) Franz Kafka

Question 31

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Marc Chagall

Question 32

Existentialism does not lend itself to a single definition but some of its basic characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT

A) Religion was not at the foundation of many existentialistic writers.
B) One becomes less human when committed to a set of rules.
C) The universe has a pre-set of rules.
D) Existence is purposeless and absurd and understanding this gives life meaning.
E) The individual has the potential to become more than he or she actually is.

Question 33

Surrealists in the 1920s were likely to

A) be interested in fantasy.
B) satirize political movements.
C) focus on absolute truths.
D) portray historical events.
E) stress reality.

Question 34

In 1984, Orwell sought to portray

A) a doctor fighting a plague outbreak in Algeria.
B) total control of the masses by the totalitarian regime.
C) a waiter in a German-occupied city.
D) refugees in the United States.
E) freedom from political control.

Question 35

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Collectivization

Question 36

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
D. H. Lawrence

Question 37

When the authors of your text refer to "the God that Failed," it is a reference to

A) nationalism.
B) Communism.
C) Social Darwinism.
D) existentialism.
E) capitalism.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true?

A) A multiple party system paralyzed any reform in Italy.
B) Italian intellectuals fearing civil war broke with Mussolini.
C) The middle class feared that growing power of labor unions threatened them.​
D) The results of World War One for Italy outraged Italians.
E) Mussolini was able to exploit the unrest in Italy and take power.

Question 39

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Otto Dix

Question 40

In the era of the world wars, what philosophical movement best exemplified the anxiety and uncertainty felt in Europe?

A) Socialism
B) Surrealism
C) Nihilism
D) Dadaism
E) Existentialism

Question 41

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
New Economic Policy

Question 42

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Benito Mussolini

Question 43

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Max Beckmann

Question 44

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
German Workers Party

Question 45

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Bolshevik

Question 46

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"November criminals"

Question 47

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Karl Jaspers

Question 48

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Francisco Franco

Question 49

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Martin Heidegger

Question 50

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Reinhold Niebuhr

Question 51

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Leader State

Question 52

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Leon Trotsky

Question 53

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Tristan Tzara

Question 54

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
George Orwell

Question 55

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mass Man

Question 56

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
March on Rome

Question 57

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
socialist realism

Question 58

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mein Kampf

Question 59

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Jean-Paul Sartre

Question 60

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Ernest Hemingway

Question 61

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pablo Picasso

Question 62

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?

-grain requisitions

Question 63

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
First Five-Year Plan

Question 64

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

In what ways did the work of Lenin contribute to an ideology of world revolution?

Question 65

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

What are the distinctive features of a totalitarian state?

Question 66

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

It has been said that revolutionaries often become more tyrannical than those they have overthrown. Does this remark apply to the era of the early Russian Revolution? Explain.

Question 67

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

On a map of Europe, locate the following: Brest-Litovsk, whose name is connected with a treaty; Kronstadt, the site of a naval mutiny; the Ukraine, site of a massive starvation as a result of collectivization and Petrograd, the location in the Soviet Union of which Lenin took charge.

Question 68

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

How might different policies of the victorious powers towards Germany in the 1920s have forestalled the rise of Nazism?

Question 69

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

How would you explain the basic outlook of Oswald Spengler?

Question 70

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Joseph Stalin

Question 71

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

List some of the main elements of twentieth-century existential thought.

Question 72

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

On a map of Europe locate the areas mentioned in this chapter where fascism took hold as well the areas where democracy survived and the one new nation after World War One that was able to enact a successful democratic system.

Question 73

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Lenin

Question 74

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

Why was the Soviet Union so popular to so many intellectuals? Name some who criticized the communist experiment.

Question 75

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

How were the totalitarianisms of Italy, Germany, and the Soviet Union different from one another?

Question 76

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

Using arrows, designate on a map of Europe various sites of political disturbances during the 1920s: the Spartacist revolt, the Kapp Putsch, and the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.

Question 77

​Which statement most accurately describes Hitler's relationship with the Reichstag?

A) ​Hitler ruled in joint consultation with the Reichstag.
B) ​Hitler used the military to overthrow the Reichstag​.
C) ​Hitler used the democratic mechanisms of the Reichstag to dismantle the republic.​
D) ​Hitler ignored the Reichstag and ruled Germany without its approval.​
E) ​Hitler viewed the Reichstag as the voice of the Germanic people.

Question 78

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

How may one say that the experience of Nazism illustrates the dynamic power of myth? How did myth confer power on Hitler's movement?

Question 79

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Kristallnacht

Question 80

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

What types of economic difficulties faced Italy and Germany before the fascist takeovers? Was there a radical shift in economic power structure as the Fascists and the Nazis responded to economic concerns when they achieved power?