Deck 15: Leadership and Employee Behavior in International Business

Question 1

Andrea is disorganized, careless, and irresponsible. She is lacking in ________.

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are shaped by the social and cultural environment in which people are raised is commonly called the ________.

A) nurture argument
B) nature argument
C) culture factor
D) biological argument

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What personality trait refers to one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Conscientiousness refers to ________.

A) the ability to get along with others
B) the drive to impose order and precision
C) the inclination to maintain a balanced emotional state
D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests

Question 5

Discussion concerning the extent to which personality attributes are biologically inherited is commonly called the ________.

A) nurture argument
B) nature argument
C) DNA approach
D) biological argument

Question 6

Which Big Five personality traits are good predictors of performance across a variety of job criteria and occupational groups in the U.S. and the European Union?

A) openness and extroversion
B) emotional stability and conscientiousness
C) extroversion and emotional stability
D) conscientiousness and agreeableness

Question 7

Which term refers to the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one individual from another?

A) personality
B) attitude
C) perception
D) ethics

Question 8

People who are high in ________ are willing to listen to new ideas and to change their own beliefs as a result of new information.

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 9

Tamara is a highly successful sales representative at an international apparel firm. Which personality trait does Tamara most likely exhibit?

A) openness
B) emotional stability
C) agreeableness
D) extroversion

Question 10

Jeff is irritable, short-tempered, and uncooperative with others. He is lacking in ________.

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 11

Jackie is insecure, reactive, and subject to extreme mood swings. She is lacking in ________.

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 12

Mike is talkative, sociable, and assertive. He could be described using the personality trait of ________.

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 13

What personality trait refers to one's comfort level with relationships?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) emotional stability

Question 14

According to the text, which statement best explains Toyota's quality and safety problems in 2010?

A) poor response to consumer complaints by Toyota leaders
B) lack of emphasis on lean manufacturing by Toyota leaders
C) failure of Toyota leadership to develop innovative technology
D) inability of Toyota leaders to modify culture to match new strategy

Question 15

What personality trait refers to the order and precision a person imposes on activities?

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 16

Sanjay, an HR manager, is organized, systematic, and responsible. Sanjay would most likely score high on which Big Five personality dimension?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 17

Which of the following personality traits describes a person who is poised, calm, and secure?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 18

Which of the following personality traits describes a person whose behavior is gentle, cooperative, understanding, and good-natured?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 19

What Big Five personality trait refers to a person's ability to get along with others?

A) agreeableness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) emotional stability

Question 20

Extroversion refers to ________.

A) the ability to get along with others
B) the drive to impose order and precision
C) one's comfort level with relationships
D) one's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests

Question 21

Which term refers to the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work?

A) job satisfaction
B) job commitment
C) career awareness
D) career motivation

Question 22

Courtney seeks good jobs, is confident in her abilities, and gets a lot of intrinsic satisfaction from her accomplishments. She could be described as someone with ________.

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) high self-esteem
D) high self-efficacy

Question 23

Authoritarianism ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 24

Self-esteem ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 25

Which attitude reflects an individual's loyalty to an employer?

A) job satisfaction
B) organizational commitment
C) business acumen
D) organizational culture

Question 26

Self-efficacy ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 27

Jason states at a meeting that Japanese managers work all the time and Swiss managers are well organized. Which term best describes Jason's comments?

A) transferring
B) bonding
C) scanning
D) stereotyping

Question 28

________ indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

A) Internal locus of control
B) External locus of control
C) Self-efficacy
D) Conscientiousness

Question 29

Colin has a big meeting with the managers of a company in Germany with whom he hopes to develop a strategic alliance. Colin seriously doubts his ability to negotiate the deal. What personality trait best describes Colin's situation?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 30

Jason spends every weekend studying for his advanced degree and regularly attends seminars designed to improve his skills. He believes this effort will pay off in career success. What personality trait best explains Jason's belief?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 31

Locus of control ________.

A) is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them
B) indicates a person's beliefs about his or her capabilities to perform a task
C) is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
D) is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

Question 32

Martha, a manager at a marketing firm, took a personality test which indicated that she has a high degree of authoritarianism. Which of the following would Martha most likely do?

A) give directives to subordinates
B) praise subordinates for being creative
C) provide subordinates a major role in making decisions
D) encourage subordinates to question managerial decisions

Question 33

Which perceptual process occurs when we make inferences about someone because of one or more characteristics they possess?

A) attitudes
B) commitment
C) scanning
D) stereotyping

Question 34

________ is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about the environment.

A) Environmental scanning
B) Perception
C) Attitude development
D) Stereotyping

Question 35

John just found out that he did not get the promotion he wanted. He isn't upset because he believes fate just wasn't on his side. What personality trait best explains John's views in this situation?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 36

________ is the extent to which an individual believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems like business organizations.

A) Locus of control
B) Self-efficacy
C) Authoritarianism
D) Conscientiousness

Question 37

According to research, high levels of job satisfaction are typically linked to ________.

A) low workers' compensation rates
B) high performance levels
C) low absenteeism
D) high turnover

Question 38

________ is the extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual.

A) Locus of control
B) Self-esteem
C) Self-efficacy
D) Extraversion

Question 39

Lisa is busy studying for the GMAT. She realizes how important a good GMAT score is in her graduate school applications, and she is confident she will perform well. What personality trait best describes Lisa's confidence?

A) internal locus of control
B) external locus of control
C) self-efficacy
D) conscientiousness

Question 40

Which term refers to complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people?

A) motivations
B) attitudes
C) beliefs
D) ethics

Question 41

Which models of motivation focus more on the conscious thought processes people use to select one behavior from among several?

A) need-based models
B) process-based models
C) reinforcement models
D) perceptual models

Question 42

Which theory suggests that motivational needs can be taught to people in different cultures?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) Vroom's expectancy theory
C) McClelland's learned needs framework
D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Question 43

Why did the joint venture between IBM, Siemens, and Toshiba initially struggle?

A) stress among expatriate managers
B) insufficient facilities for production
C) unclear managerial roles and expectations
D) cultural differences between team members

Question 44

Which theory says that behavior resulting in a positive outcome will likely be repeated under the same circumstances in the future?

A) reinforcement model
B) hierarchy of needs
C) expectancy theory
D) two-factor theory

Question 45

Which of the following refers to what an individual must have or wants to have?

A) beliefs
B) goals
C) needs
D) values

Question 46

________ is the overall set of forces that causes people to choose certain behaviors from a set of available behaviors.

A) Perception
B) Consideration
C) Leadership
D) Motivation

Question 47

Which model of motivation incorporates the roles of rewards and punishment in maintaining or altering existing behavioral patterns?

A) need-based model
B) process-based model
C) reinforcement model
D) perceptual model

Question 48

________ is the use of noncoercive influence to shape the goals of a group or organization, to motivate behavior toward reaching those goals, and to help determine the group or organizational culture.

A) Motivation
B) Commitment
C) Leadership
D) Management

Question 49

________ tends to rely on formal power and authority and to focus on administration and decision making.

A) Administration
B) Management
C) Leadership
D) Supervision

Question 50

________ relies on personal power and focuses on motivation and communication.

A) Administration
B) Management
C) Leadership
D) Supervision

Question 51

When individuals experience a strong stimulus, the natural response is ________.

A) pressure
B) stress
C) exhaustion
D) frustration

Question 52

Which models of motivation attempt to identify the specific need or set of needs that result in motivated behavior?

A) need-based models
B) process-based models
C) reinforcement models
D) perceptual models

Question 53

Which of the following is a true statement based on research of McClelland's learned needs framework?

A) The need for achievement exists only in developed cultures.
B) Individualistic cultures primarily promote the need for affiliation.
C) The need for achievement can be taught to people in different cultures.
D) Power-respecting cultures primarily promote the need for self-esteem.

Question 54

All of the following are leadership activities EXCEPT ________.

A) producing changes that benefit the firm
B) motivating and inspiring employees
C) developing long-term strategies
D) allocating financial resources

Question 55

Which model of motivation deals with how people assess the consequences of their behavioral choices and how that assessment goes into their future choice of behaviors?

A) need-based model
B) process-based model
C) reinforcement model
D) perceptual model

Question 56

In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced difficulties managing their stress.

A) Japan
B) the United States
C) Germany
D) the United Kingdom

Question 57

In a study of stress among executives from 10 countries, executives from ________ experienced the least stress.

A) Egypt
B) Japan
C) Sweden
D) Germany

Question 58

Which theory suggests that one set of factors affects dissatisfaction and another set affects satisfaction?

A) Hofstede's cultural dimensions
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C) Vroom's expectancy theory
D) Herzberg's two-factor theory

Question 59

According to research, managers in ________ have the highest tendency to believe that they should be experts and should know the answers to all questions raised by subordinates.

A) Italy
B) Japan
C) Germany
D) Great Britain

Question 60

Things that people require in order to survive, such as food, are called ________.

A) secondary needs
B) primary needs
C) survival goals
D) sufficiency items

Question 61

________ is the process of choosing one alternative from among a set of alternatives in order to promote a specific objective.

A) Decision making
B) Perception
C) Motivation
D) Leadership

Question 62

According to research, Europeans with high conscientiousness and emotional stability are more likely to perform at a higher level than those with low conscientiousness and less emotional stability.

Question 63

Agreeableness refers to a person's ability to get along with others.

Question 64

When a task is vague, ambiguous, or unstructured a(n) ________ team is more likely to thrive.

A) power respecting
B) individualistic
C) uncertainty avoiding
D) uncertainty accepting

Question 65

Which model of decision making argues that behavioral processes limit a manager's ability to always be logical and rational?

A) need-based
B) process-based
C) normative
D) descriptive

Question 66

Psychologists agree that personality is set primarily by nurture.

Question 67

People from an individualistic and power-tolerant culture are more likely to have an external locus of control.

Question 68

________ suggests that decision makers are constrained in their ability to be objective and rational by limitations of the human mind.

A) Satisficing
B) Objectivism
C) Rational thought
D) Bounded rationality

Question 69

Which model of decision making suggests that managers apply logic and rationality in making the best decisions?

A) need-based
B) process-based
C) normative
D) descriptive

Question 70

Thomas is a member of the highly successful marketing team at Avian Electronics. All of the following are most likely characteristics of Thomas' team EXCEPT ________.

A) cohesiveness
B) established norms
C) informal leadership
D) flexible role structure

Question 71

Gayle, a manager at Fargo Manufacturing, an MNE, needs to assemble a cross-cultural team for a product development project. Which of the following questions is LEAST likely to help Gayle assemble a high-performing team?

A) Will the team's normative behavior be promoted by formal or informal leaders?
B) Will the goal of the team have financial or quality-related outcomes?
C) What are the cultural backgrounds of potential team members?
D) What type of task will be assigned to the team?

Question 72

Extroversion describes the level of order and precision a person imposes on activities.

Question 73

Which task characteristic is more appropriate for problem solving by homogeneous teams?

A) complex
B) nonroutine
C) routine
D) ambiguous

Question 74

Elisa, a manager at Thornton Consulting, recently noticed that turnover is particularly high in one of the production units. Elisa assumes that the turnover is caused by low wages, so she immediately increases the salaries of all employees in the unit. Elisa's actions have most likely been affected by ________.

A) normative decision making
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) bounded rationality
D) acculteration

Question 75

Which of the following was a decision that exhibits the leadership skills of Wendelin Wiedeking, the former CEO of Porsche?

A) giving stock options to managers
B) manufacturing a sports utility vehicle
C) listing the company on the NY Stock Exchange
D) accepting funds offered by the German government

Question 76

What is the first step in the normative model of decision making?

A) identifying alternatives
B) problem recognition
C) evaluating alternatives
D) implementation

Question 77

Xuan-Li, a manager at a Japanese electronics firm, has initiated a ringisho, which is currently circulating through his work group. Xuan-Li most likely generated the ringisho for the purpose of ________.

A) identifying potential group leaders
B) adhering to the firm's hierarchical structure
C) encouraging creative solutions to a problem
D) documenting a problem raised by management

Question 78

Team cohesiveness is more likely to emerge naturally in a(n) ________ culture.

A) collectivistic
B) individualistic
C) uncertainty avoiding
D) uncertainty accepting

Question 79

What behavioral process suggests that managers sometimes adopt the first minimally acceptable alternative they identify, when a further search might suggest an even better alternative?

A) satisficing
B) objectivism
C) maximizing
D) bounded rationality

Question 80

Which model of decision making recognizes that managers are influenced by bounded rationality?

A) need-based
B) process-based
C) normative
D) descriptive