Deck 15: Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Question 1

The smelting of iron ore requires temperatures of ________.

A)22°C to 34°C
B)1,250°C to 1,400°C
C)250°C to 400°C
D)13,250°C to 13,400°C

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The ability of a metal to be bent,molded,and stretched is termed ________.

A)tempering
B)cold working
C)malleability
D)dexterity

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The high electrical conductivity associated with metallic bonds results from ________.

A)the ability of outer electrons to move freely from atom to atom
B)their radioactive instability
C)the ability of nuclei to be discharged into the atmosphere
D)their relatively great atomic mass

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Some metals are considered precious metals because of their ________.

A)concentration in Earth's crust
B)durability
C)price per ounce
D)malleability

Question 5

The first widely used alloy in ancient civilizations was ________.

A)bronze
B)copper
C)gold
D)iron

Question 6

Consult the figure below.What native metal is most likely to occur within quartz veins?

A)aluminum
B)gold
C)copper
D)brass

Question 7

Which of these commonly used metals must be smelted from its ore minerals in the presence of carbon monoxide gas (from the burning of carbon-based charcoal)?

A)aluminum
B)copper
C)iron
D)tin

Question 8

A mineral that consists of only metal atoms is known as a(n)________.

A)native metal
B)ore metal
C)industrial metal
D)rare earth metal

Question 9

In what types of rocks are ore minerals found?

A)only in igneous rocks
B)only in igneous and sedimentary rocks
C)only in igneous and metamorphic rocks
D)in igneous,sedimentary,and metamorphic rocks

Question 10

Most of the metals currently in commercial use ________.

A)were known to the ancients
B)are found only in North America and Asia
C)were discovered in the last two centuries
D)are excavated as native metals and do not require smelting

Question 11

Consult the figure below.Although granite contains aluminum atoms,we do not mine granite to produce aluminum because ________.

A)granite is too difficult to mine
B)the concentration of aluminum is too small to be economical
C)aluminum cannot be separated from the granite
D)aluminum is found only in isolated veins

Question 12

The most important ores of iron are iron ________.

A)sulfides
B)oxides
C)carbonates
D)phosphates

Question 13

Alloys are useful because they ________.

A)can substitute for rare earth minerals
B)are easier to smelt
C)are the cheapest metals to produce
D)are stronger than either of their constituent metals alone

Question 14

________is a common metallic alloy.

A)Copper
B)Brass
C)Gold
D)Silver

Question 15

Stone used for buildings,chemicals in fertilizers,and sand used to make glass are all examples of mineral resources known as ________.

A)tailings
B)industrial minerals
C)clinker
D)slag

Question 16

Which list places important pure metals and alloys in chronological order from first to last (most recent)in terms of their widespread use by humans?

A)bronze,copper,iron
B)iron,copper,bronze
C)copper,iron,bronze
D)copper,bronze,iron

Question 17

Which of the following is an alloy?

A)gold
B)silver
C)bronze
D)copper

Question 18

Consult the figure below.In what kind of terrain would you expect to find a placer deposit?

A)a dry lake bed
B)a mountain peak
C)the ocean floor
D)a streambed

Question 19

The high electrical conductivity associated with metallic bonds is found in ________.

A)all minerals that contain metallic ions in any proportions
B)minerals that have a sufficient metal content to be considered ores
C)native metals and pure metals artificially derived from ores
D)magnetic minerals only

Question 20

The first ores that were widely smelted by humans to produce metal were those of ________.

A)bronze
B)copper
C)gold
D)iron

Question 21

The blocks of rock used in construction are termed ________.

A)dimension stone
B)gemstone
C)ore
D)lodestone

Question 22

Consult the figure below.________ deposits form where erosion produces clasts of native metals.

A)Secondary-enrichment
B)Placer
C)Mississippi Valley-type
D)Magmatic

Question 23

Commercial ore deposits are most likely associated with ________.

A)thick basinal sandstones and shales
B)blueschists
C)evaporite sequences
D)igneous rocks

Question 24

Smelting is a technique applied to ________.

A)native metals
B)ore minerals
C)quarried stone
D)alloys

Question 25

Nonmetals extracted from metals during smelting are termed ________.

A)slag
B)cull
C)sludge
D)spar

Question 26

Which type of ores are most commonly concentrated in magmatic deposits?

A)oxides
B)sulfides
C)native metals
D)copper

Question 27

Consult the figure below.These iron ore deposits,which started as sedimentary layers,are known as ________.

A)banded iron formations
B)jasper beds
C)manganese nodules
D)bauxite

Question 28

Most metals used by society are obtained from ________.

A)native metals
B)ore minerals
C)precious metals
D)base metals

Question 29

Which of these commonly used metals sometimes occurs as a native metal?

A)aluminum
B)copper
C)iron
D)tin

Question 30

Which property of magmatic ore deposits causes them to be concentrated in igneous bodies?

A)low temperatures of crystallization
B)iron concentration
C)low density
D)high density

Question 31

Which ore minerals are commonly found in ancient sedimentary deposits that are two billion years old?

A)copper sulfides
B)aluminum oxides
C)iron oxides
D)copper oxides

Question 32

Secondary enrichment creates concentrations of metals by ________.

A)accumulating them around a black smoker vent
B)precipitating them into cracks in preexisting rocks
C)leaching them from one area and precipitating them elsewhere
D)accumulating them on the seafloor

Question 33

The metal ores that are found in veins within plutons typically occur ________.

A)by themselves as pure mineral assemblages
B)together with other ores but no other minerals
C)alongside abundant calcite
D)alongside abundant quartz

Question 34

Mineral-rich veins within plutons,deposited by hot groundwater into fractures within rock,characterize ________ deposits.

A)hydrothermal
B)placer
C)residual mineral
D)sedimentary

Question 35

The presence of gold in western South America can be attributed to processes associated with ________.

A)subduction
B)secondary enrichment
C)submarine vents
D)a hot spot

Question 36

Waste rock left over after a mine has removed the ore is known as ________.

A)tailings
B)adits
C)ingots
D)slag

Question 37

The stereotypical gold rush prospector panning for gold in a streambed is an example of exploiting ________ deposits.

A)magmatic
B)placer
C)residual mineral
D)sedimentary

Question 38

In magma chambers,sulfide materials typically ________.

A)rise to the top
B)sink to the bottom
C)mix well with the rest of the magma
D)solidify and reside in the middle of the magma

Question 39

Mississippi Valley-type deposits are secondary enrichments primarily of ________ and ________.

A)gold;silver
B)tin;aluminum
C)copper;bronze
D)lead;zinc

Question 40

Consult the figure below.Which of these is NOT required for a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT)deposit to form?

A)deep groundwater
B)hot groundwater
C)sedimentary rocks
D)native metals

Question 41

Which of the following nonmetallic resources has an igneous origin?

A)salt
B)granite
C)limestone
D)gypsum

Question 42

Consult the figure below.Which type of mineral resource do humans use in the greatest quantities?

A)stone
B)phosphates
C)aluminum
D)clay

Question 43

To produce the special-purpose steel used in the aerospace industry,smelters in the United States alloy iron with ________.

A)strategic minerals
B)reserves
C)native metals
D)nonmetals

Question 44

Stone extraction from the Earth's surface for building purposes occurs in ________.

A)stone mines
B)underground mines
C)quarries
D)sedimentary deposits

Question 45

Which of these is true about mineral resources?

A)They are renewable because they are naturally formed.
B)They are renewable because we use them at slower rates than they are formed.
C)They are nonrenewable because they are formed at slower rates than we use them.
D)They are nonrenewable because they are no longer formed.

Question 46

________ is a nonmetal mineral formed by evaporation.

A)Sulfur
B)Gypsum
C)Zinc
D)Marble

Question 47

Of the commercially exploited minerals,which type is used in the greatest quantities?

A)native metals
B)ore minerals
C)industrial minerals
D)tailings

Question 48

Acid mine runoff results from the oxidation and the dissolution of ________ ores.

A)sulfide
B)oxide
C)carbonate
D)manganese

Question 49

Which of these statements about the U.S.supply of strategically important metals is true?

A)The United States has ample domestic supplies of strategic minerals.
B)The United States imports a small amount of some strategic minerals.
C)The United States imports 100% of many strategic minerals.
D)The United States has access to abundant supplies of strategic minerals with its open trade partners.

Question 50

Because it can be split easily into thin sheets and is impermeable,roofing tiles are often made from ________.

A)limestone
B)sandstone
C)gneiss
D)slate

Question 51

Concrete is ________.

A)synonymous with the term cement
B)synonymous with the term Portland cement
C)a combination of cement,sand,and gravel
D)powdered rock of any lithology mixed with water and allowed to set overnight

Question 52

A drawback to mining sulfides is the risk of ________.

A)underground fires
B)tunnel collapse
C)rock bursts
D)acid mine runoff