Deck 12: Meiosis

Question 1

The egg of a fruit fly has 4 chromosomes.How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell of a fruit fly?

A)4
B)2
C)8
D)16

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 12.5
Grasshoppers have 11 pair of autosomes,and one sex chromosome.Which chromosome in Figure 12.5 is the sex chromosome?

A)e
B)X
C)j
D)k

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 12.1
What can you infer from the karyotype shown in Figure 12.1?

A)There is a translocation in one of the chromosome 8 homologues.
B)This individual has a single sex chromosome.
C)This individual has an abnormal number of autosomes.
D)This is a karyotype of a male.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Crossover,the exchange of segments of homologous chromosomes,takes place during which of the following processes?

A)DNA replication
B)cytokinesis
C)anaphase I
D)synapsis

Question 5

Chromosome number of hexaploid wheat,Triticum aestivum,can be represented by which of the following?

A)n
B)2n
C)4n
D)6n

Question 6

Figure 12.2
The karyotype shown above is that of a snail,Pomacea patula catemacensis.What is the diploid number for this organism?

A)13
B)26
C)46
D)7

Question 7

Sister chromatids separate during

A)anaphase I.
B)metaphase I.
C)anaphase II.
D)interkinesis.

Question 8

What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis?

A)Homologues align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.
B)Sister chromatids separate in mitosis,and homologues separate in meiosis II.
C)Meiosis II takes place in a haploid cell,while mitosis takes place in diploid cells.
D)Crossover takes place in meiosis II.

Question 9

Figure 12.3
In Figure 12.3,what major event is taking place during this phase of meiosis?

A)synapsis
B)crossing over
C)homologues separate
D)separation of sister chromatids

Question 10

Hexaploid wheat was produced synthetically by He and coworkers.They mated the diploid species,Aegilops tauschii,and the tetraploid species,T.turgidum.Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relative contribution of each parent to the genome of the hexaploid offspring?

A)Each parent contributed equally to the genome of the offspring.
B)Aegilops tauschii contributed four chromosomes by failing to complete meiosis after chromosome replication,and T.turgidum contributed two chromosomes.
C)Aegilops tauschii contributed two chromosomes,and T.turgidum contributed four chromosomes.
D)The hexaploid number appeared following mitosis with no subsequent cell division.

Question 11

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I?

A)Sister chromatids separate in mitosis,and homologues separate in meiosis I.
B)DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis,but not before meiosis I.
C)Prophase is longer and more complex in mitosis.
D)Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information.

Question 12

At what stage of meiosis does DNA replication take place?

A)DNA replication does not take place in cells destined to undergo meiosis.
B)prophase I
C)between meiosis I and meiosis II
D)None.DNA replication occurs before meiosis I begins.

Question 13

Somatic cells of roundworms have four chromosomes.How many chromosomes would you find in an ovum from a roundworm?

A)four
B)two
C)eight
D)a diploid number

Question 14

Meiosis involves the creation of haploid cells from diploid cells.The haploid chromosome number is created when

A)homologous chromosomes separate.
B)the S phase of the cell cycle is bypassed during meiotic interphase.
C)sister chromatids separate.
D)ova and sperm go through their respective maturation processes.

Question 15

Egg and sperm,involved in sexual reproduction,are formed through a process called

A)binary fission.
B)mitosis.
C)meiosis.
D)fertilization.

Question 16

Centromeres split and sister chromosomes migrate to opposite poles in

A)anaphase I.
B)prophase II.
C)anaphase II.
D)telophase II.

Question 17

Chromosomes and their homologues align at the equator of the cell during

A)prophase I.
B)metaphase I.
C)prophase II.
D)metaphase II.

Question 18

Figure 12.4
Refer to Figure 12.4.Put the stages of meiosis shown here in the order that they would occur in a cell.

A)a,c,d,b
B)c,a,b,d
C)c,a,d,b
D)a,b,c,d

Question 19

Homologous chromosomes

A)are identical.
B)carry information for the same traits.
C)carry the same alleles.
D)align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II.

Question 20

For the duration of meiosis I,each chromosome is

A)in the form of a tetrad.
B)two sister chromatids joined by a centromere.
C)a chromosome and its homologue.
D)undergoing synapsis.

Question 21

In the diploid cell above there are ________ chromosomes and ________ chromatids.

A)2;2
B)4;4
C)2;4
D)2;8
E)4;8 F)8;8

Question 22

In sexual reproduction,the variation among offspring,and the fact that they are genetically different from their parents,is due to which of the following?

A)random alignment of homologues during meiosis I
B)crossing over
C)random process of fertilization
D)all of the above contribute to genetic variability in sexual reproduction

Question 23

The bulldog ant has a diploid number of two chromosomes.Therefore,following meiosis,each daughter cell will have a single chromosome.There is/are ________ different possible combination(s)of genes in the daughter cells of meiosis because ________.

A)one;there is only one chromosome per cell
B)two;there are two homologous chromosomes per cell prior to meiosis
C)more than 2;the two homologues cross over

Question 24

In 1985,Hassold and Chiu found that the likelihood of miscarriage increased with maternal age.What is the most likely explanation for the relationship between age and miscarriage?

A)Women in their mid-thirties and older have more health problems that interfere with their ability to maintain pregnancy.
B)Older women typically have hormonal imbalances that prevent them from carrying a baby to term.
C)The DNA replication that takes place immediately prior to meiosis is less accurate in older women.
D)Ova are arrested in meiosis until ovulation.As a result,completion of meiosis in the older woman is more likely to result in aneuploidy or other chromosomal abnormalities.

Question 25

What happens when an individual has an odd number of chromosome sets (e.g.,triploidy)?

A)They produce offspring with an even number of chromosome sets (e.g.,tetraploid,hexaploid).
B)Their offspring are often sterile.
C)They go through three sets of meiosis (meiosis I,meiosis II,and meiosis III)
D)Their cells are unable to complete meiosis.

Question 26

Why might the incidence of trisomy from maternal origin be higher than that from paternal origin?
Source: Hassold,T.,Chiu,D.Human Genetics.1985;70(1):11-7.)

A)Eggs are arrested in meiosis in the mother from approximately birth until ovulation.
B)Sperm travel to the site of fertilization,and an extra chromosome may slow them down.
C)Eggs move little from their site of release to the site of fertilization.
D)All of the above are possible explanations for the higher incidence of trisomy of maternal origin.

Question 27

Quaking aspen can send out underground stems.New trees can sprout from these stems.This is an example of what type of reproduction?

A)Sexual
B)Alternation of generations
C)Haploid
D)Asexual

Question 28

Which of the following would enable you to detect aneuploidy?

A)autosomy
B)karyotyping
C)syngamy
D)synapsis

Question 29

In which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

A)Metaphase I
B)Anaphase I
C)Metaphase II
D)Anaphase II

Question 30

Different types of organisms have different types of life cycles."Alternation of generations" is a life cycle found among land plants and several groups of algae.It is characterized by which of the following?

A)a multicellular diploid state
B)a multicellular haploid state
C)tetraploidy
D)both a multicellular diploid state and a multicellular haploid state

Question 31

Which of the following types of reproduction is associated with the most genetic variation among offspring?

A)binary fission
B)asexual reproduction
C)budding
D)sexual reproduction

Question 32

Which of the following is the difference between trisomy and triploidy?

A)Trisomic individuals have three copies of a specific chromosome;triploid individuals have three copies of every chromosome.
B)Trisomic individuals have three copies of every chromosome;triploid individuals have three copies of a specific chromosome.
C)There is no difference between the two terms-they mean the same thing.
D)Trisomic individuals have three copies of one gene on one chromosome;triploid

Question 33

Asexual reproduction takes place by which of the following processes?

A)meiosis
B)fertilization
C)chromosome exchange between organisms of the same species
D)mitosis

Question 34

If meiosis produces haploid cells,how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

A)DNA replication
B)reverse transcription
C)synapsis
D)fertilization

Question 35

The diploid number of a roundworm species is 4.You have a male and a female roundworm that are planning a family.Assuming random segregation of homologues during meiosis and no crossover,how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring?

A)4
B)8
C)16
D)64

Question 36

Just prior to meiosis,DNA is replicated.Each resulting piece of replicated DNA is considered to be ________ chromosome(s)and is made up of ________ chromatic(s).

A)1;1
B)1;2
C)2;2
D)1;4
E)2;4

Question 37

Adaptation to a changing environment is likely to occurs most quickly through which of the following processes?

A)mutation
B)asexual reproduction and genetic recombination
C)sexual reproduction

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of monosomy?

A)Turner's syndrome (XO)
B)Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY)
C)Down's syndrome (21,21,21)

Question 39

Genetic recombination takes place in which of the following processes?

A)anaphase I of meiosis
B)alignment of tetrads in metaphase I
C)crossing over
D)random alignment of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I