Deck 24: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Which of the following is/are released upon complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids?

A)ribose from DNA
B)amino acids
C)2-deoxyribose from RNA
D)phosphoric acid

Answer 1

D

Question 2

With which base does guanine typically base-pair in a double-stranded nucleic acid structure?

A)adenosine
B)uracil
C)thymine
D)cytosine

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which component of the nucleotide serves as an information symbol,channelling the nucleotide to appropriate metabolic activities such as in phosphoryl group transfer reactions?

A)sugar
B)diphosphate anhydride
C)sugar-phosphate ester
D)base

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following are relatively stable acid hydrolysis?

A)pyrimidines
B)purines
C)dipeptides
D)polypeptides

Question 5

What is the percentage of adenine in a sample of double-stranded DNA containing 32% cytosine?

A)0%
B)18%
C)32%
D)68%

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of nucleotide function?

A)TTP in phosphoryl group transfers
B)CTP in phospholipid synthesis
C)UTP in complex carbohydrate synthesis
D)ATP in energy for the cell

Question 7

Which of these compounds is a 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring?

A)pyrimidine
B)purine
C)anose
D)ribonucleotide

Question 8

Which of the following best describes cAMP and cGMP?

A)inhibitors
B)phosphomonoesters
C)phosphodiesters
D)nucleosides

Question 9

Which of these statements is correct for the DNA double helix?

A)The 2 strands are parallel.
B)The 2 strands are held together by interchain hydrogen bonds.
C)The 2 strands have non-complementary base pairing.
D)They are not easily sheared into shorter fragments during isolation procedures.

Question 10

Which of the following purine derivatives is NOT found in nucleic acids?

A)guanine
B)adenine
C)xanthine
D)uric acid

Question 11

Which is of the following is NOT correct for purines and pyrimidines?

A)They are aliphatic.
B)They are nitrogenous bases.
C)They exhibit strong UV absorption.
D)They are capable of keto-enol tautomerization.

Question 12

Which of the following structures does NOT participate in H-bond formation?

A)the amino group of cytosine,adenine,and guanine
B)the ring nitrogens at position 3 of pyrimidines and 1 of purines
C)the carbon double bonds found in the bases
D)the carbonyl group at position 4 of uracil and thymine,position 2 of cytosine,and position 6 of guanine

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of DNA?

A)adenine and uracil as a base pair
B)a 1:1 ratio between pyrimidine residues and purine residues
C)hydrogen bonding between base pairs
D)information accessed through transcription of the information into RNA

Question 14

With which of these ions do nucleotide triphosphates and nucleotide diphosphates often form stable complexes?

A)Na⁺
B)Fe3⁺
C)K⁺
D)Mg²⁺

Question 15

Which of these molecules contains an acid anhydride bond?

A)ATP
B)DNA
C)UMP
D)RNA

Question 16

What is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to 5'-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA-3'?

A)5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3'
B)5'-UAGUGACAGUUGCGAU-3'
C)5'-TAGTGACAGTTGCGAT-3'
D)5'-ATCACTGTCAACGCTA-3'

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pyrimidines?

A)6-membered ring
B)heterocyclic
C)fused 5-membered rings
D)2 nitrogens separated by a carbonyl

Question 18

How is a polynucleotide chain read in a nucleic acid structure?

A)from the poly(U)head to the poly(A)tail
B)from the 3'-end to the 5'-tail
C)from the 5'-end to the 3'-end
D)from the poly-p head to the 5'-end

Question 19

What is the net charge on nucleotide monophosphates?

A)+2
B)+1
C)-1
D)-2

Question 20

What type of bond links the nitrogenous base to the nucleotide sugar?

A)a-anhydride
B)a-N-amide
C)b-N-acetyl (glycosidic)
D)a-N-hemiacetal

Question 21

Which of these regions are attached to hnRNAs and mRNAs after transcription has been completed,and are essential for efficient translation and stability of the mRNAs?

A)exons
B)poly(A)tails
C)introns
D)poly(U)tails

Question 22

Which of the following statements correctly identifies type II restriction endonucleases?

A)They work on both DNA and RNA.
B)They recognize a palindromic sequence and cut just before the palindromic sequence.
C)They degrade DNA by subsequently removing bases from each end.
D)They cut DNA only at sites in specific nucleotide sequences with a 2-fold axis of symmetry.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT necessary for restriction endonuclease mapping of DNA molecules?

A)determining the 5'- and/or 3'-ends of the molecule
B)protease digestion of fragments
C)hydrolysis with 2 or more endonucleases
D)knowing where each endonuclease hydrolyzes

Question 24

Which -OH group in ribonucleotides makes the 3'-phosphodiester bond susceptible to nucleophilic cleavage during alkaline hydrolysis?

A)1'-OH
B)2'-OH
C)3'-OH
D)4'-OH

Question 25

Which of the following statements is NOT correct for enzymes that cleave nucleic acids?

A)They are of the lyase class of enzymes.
B)They are called proteases.
C)They belong to the subclass of acyltransferases.
D)They are found in all cells for "housekeeping."

Question 26

Which of the following defines the S designation denoted in a 30S rRNA molecule?

A)number of sugars
B)sedimentation coefficient
C)splicing coefficient
D)sequence repeats

Question 27

Which of the following is formed when R and K amino acid-rich histones interact ionically with the anionic phosphate groups in the DNA backbone?

A)ribosomes
B)nucleosomes
C)vacuoles
D)peroxisomes

Question 28

In addition to the nucleus,what eukaryotic cellular structure also contains DNA?

A)ribosome
B)mitochondrion
C)peroxisome
D)vacuole

Question 29

Which of the following are important in the processing of eukaryotic gene transcripts into mature messenger RNAs for export from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

A)snRNAs as snRNPs
B)tRNAs
C)rRNAs
D)siRNAs

Question 30

Which of the following classifies eukaryotic mRNAs synthesized in the nucleus?

A)poly(A)RNAs
B)intervening RNA sequences
C)heterogeneous nuclear RNAs
D)RNA exons

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic for tRNA?

A)At least 1 unique tRNA species is dedicated to chauffeuring each amino acid to ribosomes for insertion into growing polypeptides.
B)tRNAs are molecules containing greater than 100 residues.
C)tRNAs fold into characteristic secondary structures.
D)tRNAs possess a 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence that reads -CCA.

Question 32

Which of the following is richly associated with eukaryotic chromosomes?

A)protein
B)ribosome
C)nitrogenous base
D)cytoskeleton