Deck 20: Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

Question 1

Which of the following structures divides into the pulmonary artery and aorta during week 6?

A)Bulbus cordis
B)Sinus venosus
C)Truncus arteriosus
D)Ductus arteriosus

Answer 1

C
The truncus arteriosus divides into the pulmonary artery and aorta during week 6.

Question 2

Which of the following periods of lung maturation is characterized by lung tissue becoming vascularized facilitating in the presence of gas exchange?

A)Pseudoglandular period
B)Canalicular period
C)Terminal saccular period
D)Alveolar period

Answer 2

B
During weeks 16 to 26 (canalicular period),pulmonary capillaries form.Lung tissue becomes vascularized,making it possible for a fetus born at the end of this period to survive as gas exchange can now take place.

Question 3

Which of the following interventions would be the BEST choice for a pediatric patient to strengthen upper extremities?

A)Free weights
B)Weighted ball toss
C)Wheelbarrow walking
D)Wall pulley system

Answer 3

C
To target muscle noted to be weak during the examination,play games that involve upper-extremity weight bearing (wheelbarrow walking or crab walking).

Question 4

Which of the following characteristics BEST describes a premature periodic breathing pattern in an infant?

A)Termed apnea of prematurity
B)Associated with bradycardia
C)Associated with hypoxemia
D)5- to 10-second pause in breathing

Question 5

The failure of increasing oxygen level after birth signaling a decrease in production of prostaglandin E1 results in which of the following acyanotic lesions?

A)Atrial septal defect
B)Patent ductus arteriosus
C)Ventricular septal defect
D)Coarctation of the aorta

Question 6

Respiratory distress syndrome (RSD)is clinically manifested as which of the following presentations?

A)Collapsed alveoli,respiration rate greater than 60,nasal flaring,intercostal retractions,grunting on expiration,and peripheral edema
B)Respiratory distress as a result of airway obstruction or chemical irritation and air trapping
C)Increased pulmonary vascular associated with cyanosis,tachypnea,intercostal retractions,nasal flaring,or grunting
D)Chronic condition resulting in scarring of lung tissue,thickened pulmonary arterial walls,and mismatch between lung ventilation and perfusion

Question 7

Upon completing a thorough history of a child,the physical therapist should pause to observe which of the following conditions to provide a more complete picture?

A)Resting position
B)Mobility of ribcage
C)Functional mobility
D)Flexibility of extremities

Question 8

Using friction massage on a healed scar related to a cardiopulmonary disorder would BEST enhance which of the following structural changes in the pediatric patient?

A)Rib cage mobility
B)Flexibility
C)Strength
D)Posture

Question 9

Which of the following activities would be considered a component of determining a prognosis for the pediatric patient with cardiac and pulmonary disorders?

A)Writing of short goals to address rib cage mobility and breathing pattern
B)Addressing the setting that is most appropriate for discharge
C)Addressing the type of services needed such as home health
D)Determining equipment needs such as a wheelchair

Question 10

Cardiac development in a fetus is primarily complete during which of the following gestational week?

A)Week 5
B)Week 7
C)Week 10
D)Week 12

Question 11

Which of the following techniques would be MOST productive when retaining a pediatric patient's diaphragmatic breathing?

A)Verbalize and demonstrate diaphragmatic breathing.
B)Provide a visual cue such as a stuffed animal on belly while in a supine position.
C)Manual facilitation techniques such as quick stretch.
D)Tactile cueing of the diaphragm or inhibition of accessory muscles.

Question 12

Which of the following factors MOST likely will result in loss of mobility in ribs and spine in a child with cardiac or pulmonary disorders?

A)Prolonged immobility
B)Shallow breathing
C)Overuse of accessory muscles for breathing
D)All of the above

Question 13

When initiating an exercise program with a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF),the physical therapist should consider which of the following factors?

A)The patient is typically a child with different motivation.
B)Must be considered is an already demanding home treatment program.
C)The parents or caregiver are usually involved in care regularly.
D)Airway clearance is the primary focus for physical therapy.

Question 14

Which of the following methods would be MOST appropriate to measure strength in a toddler when the strength is known to be greater than fair?

A)Observe the child reach for a toy.
B)Observe the child lift lower extremities.
C)Observe the child moving from sitting on the floor to standing.
D)Observe the child's ability to hold his or her head upright.

Question 15

A fetus will not survive if born during which of the following periods of lung maturation?

A)Pseudoglandular period
B)Canalicular period
C)Terminal saccular period
D)Alveolar period

Question 16

Which of the following is considered an acyanotic cardiac defect?

A)Tetralogy of Fallot
B)Pulmonary atresia
C)Atrial septal defects
D)Truncus arteriosus

Question 17

Which of the following conditions is considered an absolute contraindication to high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWC)?

A)Lung contusion
B)Bronchospasm
C)Burns,open wounds,and skin infections of the thorax
D)Unstable Back injury

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics is MOST associated with cyanotic lesions of the heart?

A)Flow is known as left to right.
B)Associated with polycythemia.
C)Pulmonary blood flow is increased.
D)Associated with low stroke volume.

Question 19

Which of the following questions would BEST be answered by the physical therapist administering a standardized test such as the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS)?

A)Do you need to document a baseline in function for future comparison?
B)Do you need to establish a gross motor age equivalency to provide to other health professionals?
C)What time and space do you have available?
D)Is the child able to understand instructions and follow commands?

Question 20

In which of the following conditions would it be MOST appropriate to medically provide prostaglandin E1 to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus in an infant?

A)Presence of tetralogy of Fallot
B)Presence of transposition of the great arteries
C)Presence of coarctation of the aorta
D)Presence of atrial septal defects

Question 21

For a pediatric patient with a pulmonary disorder who would benefit from a positive expiratory pressure device,which of the following alternatives would provide a similar effect as an acapella?

A)Blows a kazoo.
B)Blows a party blower.
C)Blows into a straw in a cup of water.
D)Blows a cotton ball across a table.

Question 22

Which of the following sleeping positions for an infant was advocated by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)in response to the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome?

A)Infant should sleep on his or her side with a towel roll support.
B)Infant should sleep prone.
C)Infant should sleep supine.
D)All of the above.

Question 23

The child's experiences during therapy may be affected by which of the following family situations?

A)Family may be from out of town and staying in a hotel.
B)A parent may have quit his or her job to be a caregiver.
C)Other children may exist and need the attention of parents.
D)All of the above may affect the child's experiences.

Question 24

Which of the following techniques would be considered an intervention used as a tone-inhibiting technique to facilitate proper breathing mechanics in a pediatric patient?

A)Lying supine over a ball
B)A corner stretch
C)Positioning the child in flexion with rhythmic rocking
D)Manual facilitation of the spinal extensors during sitting

Question 25

Placing a cotton ball in the middle of a table and having the child blow the cotton ball off the table facilitates improvements in which of the following functions?

A)Deep breathing
B)Coughing
C)Expiratory strength
D)Inspiratory strength

Question 26

Which of the following physiological changes related to cardiovascular/endurance training would NOT be considered a reason to terminate the exercise?

A)Pale or ashen appearance
B)Dyspnea score of 2
C)Heart rate greater than 80% of maximal heart rate
D)Oxygen saturation below 90%

Question 27

If a child is afraid of moving after surgery,which of the following techniques may result in the MOST success for motivating the child out of bed post surgery?

A)Request the nurse pre-medicate the patient and have a second therapist assist.
B)Have the parents attempt to get the child out of bed between therapy sessions.
C)Use a medical play doll to help the child cope with experiences.
D)Bribe the child and encourage.

Question 28

The Trendelenburg position for postural draining and subsequent airway clearance is recommended for all ages.

Question 29

If the normal patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)in a fetus remains open,then which of the following respiratory conditions occurs within the first 12 hours of infancy life?

A)Respiratory distress syndrome
B)Persistent pulmonary hypertension
C)Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
D)Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 30

Which of the following pediatric diagnoses is considered a connective tissue disease that is commonly associated with aortic aneurysm and aortic/mitral insufficiency?

A)DiGeorge syndrome
B)Marfan syndrome
C)Williams syndrome
D)Down syndrome