Deck 10: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Why is the distinction between the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa so important?

A) different causes of the two types are known to researchers.
B) different psychological consequences associated with the binge/purge type
C) the binge/purge subtype is associated with fewer impulsive behaviours
D) poorer long-term prognosis for the binge/purge subtype
E) one type tends to affect younger women, and one older women.

Answer 1

the binge/purge subtype is associated with fewer impulsive behaviours

Question 2

A study that followed women treated for eating disorders 9 years found relapse rates of about:

A) one third
B) 25%
C) 11% for anorexia and 25% for bulimia
D) one half
E) 65%

Answer 2

one third

Question 3

What difference is found in the binge/purge type and the restricting type of anorexia nervosa?

A) binge eating or purging behaviour
B) rigidly controlled diet
C) use of laxatives to get rid of unwanted calories
D) excessive exercise to burn off calories
E) there is no difference between the two subtypes

Answer 3

binge eating or purging behaviour

Question 4

Unlike anorexics, bulimics

A) suffer from social isolation and depression.
B) engage in compensatory behaviours designed to prevent weight gain.
C) use weight and shape information as their primary method of self-evaluation.
D) have low self-esteem.
E) are typically within the normal weight range.

Question 5

With regard to treatment of eating disorders, research has found that:

A) less than 10% of persons affected receive treatment
B) one third of persons with anorexia and 10% of persons with bulimia receive mental health care
C) most persons affected are receiving adequate mental health care
D) about half of persons affected by eating disorders receive treatment

Question 6

The "escape from self-awareness model" of Bulimia Nervosa posits that ____________ offer an escape from ______________.

A) self-induced vomiting behaviors; thoughts and feelings of guilt regarding binge-eating
B) binge-eating episodes; thoughts and feelings about perceived failures
C) caloric restriction and exercise; self-awareness
D) use of laxatives; feelings of guilt about over-eating
E) binge-eating episodes; guilt regarding purging behaviors

Question 7

What does it mean to say that bulimics engage in recurrent compensatory behavior?

A) Bulimics fast or exercise to excess.
B) Bulimics engage in self-induced vomiting.
C) Bulimics misuse laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
D) All of the above are recurrent compensatory behaviors
E) Only B and C are recurrent compensatory behaviors

Question 8

Susan is 16 years old and she is afraid of gaining weight and getting fat. Susan is very dissatisfied with her body and she often tries to lose weight through fad diets and exercise. It would be difficult to determine her diagnosis because

A) it is hard to determine whether she meets the DSM-IV-TR criteria.
B) Susan could have any one of a number of eating disorders.
C) Susan is still too young to have an eating disorder.
D) Susan's symptoms are not extreme.
E) it is difficult to determine whether she is successful at losing weight.

Question 9

The most common eating disorder is

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa, purging type.
C) eating disorder not otherwise specified.
D) anorexia nervosa, restricting type.
E) anorexia nervosa.

Question 10

The incidence of a disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, refers to______________ whereas the prevalence refers to the____________________.

A) number of new cases in a given year; number of people who have the condition
B) number of people who have the condition; number of new cases in a given year
C) number of people who are treated for a condition; number of people believed to have the disorder
D) number of people believed to have the disorder; number of people who are treated for a condition
E) number of people treated and cured; number of people afflicted by a disorder

Question 11

It has been found that ______________ has the highest prevalence, followed by _________________ and _____________________.

A) Eating Disorder - NOS; Anorexia; Bulimia
B) Eating Disorder - NOS; Bulimia Nervosa; Anorexia
C) Bulimia; Anorexia; ED-NOS
D) Bulimia; ED-NOS; Anorexia
E) Anorexia; Bulimia; ED-NOS

Question 12

An objective food binge is defined by the DSM-IV-TR as eating a

A) small amount of food and feeling not in control.
B) small amount of food in a specific time period.
C) large amount of food in a specific time period.
D) normal amount of food in a specific time period.
E) large amount of food but feeling in control.

Question 13

In the DSM-IV-TR, one feature of anorexia nervosa is refusal to maintain at least __________ of expected body weight.

A) 15%
B) 35%
C) 85%
D) 25%
E) 50%

Question 14

__________ disorders have the highest mortality rates of all of the psychiatric disorders.

A) Anxiety
B) Substance-related
C) Eating
D) Psychophysiological
E) Mood

Question 15

What criteria does the DSM-IV use to define a binge?

A) consumption of more food than most people would consume at one time; feeling out of control
B) consumption of at least 1000 Calories at one sitting
C) consumption of over 1000 Calories at one time; majority from sweets or carbohydrates
D) a sense of lack of control over thoughts of eating more food than most people would consume at one time.
E) consumption of more food than most people would consume within a one-month period

Question 16

An anorexic who counts calories and carefully controls what she eats would be considered what subtype of anorexia nervosa?

A) rigid type
B) caloric type
C) binge/purge type
D) controlling type
E) restricting type

Question 17

In the DSM-5, it is likely that the percent-of-expected-weight criterion for Anorexia will be:

A) replaced with specific weight guidelines, based on height
B) removed and new assessment guidelines will be provided
C) retained without modification
D) assessed only if there is presence of an intense fear of gaining weight
E) assessed regardless of the presence of an intense fear of gaining weight

Question 18

When studies of persons treated and untreated for existing bulimia are combined, it appears that:

A) many patients recover with no treatment
B) more patients recover after receiving treatment that exhibit spontaneous recovery without treatment
C) treatment does not appear to be necessary or even useful for some people
D) for some subgroups, recovery rates are quite low for both treated and untreated groups
E) most women do not cross diagnostic categories of eating disorder

Question 19

In order to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa according to DSM-IV, females past puberty must miss __________ consecutive menstrual cycles.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 20

Recent research suggests that since the 1970s, the prevalence of eating disorders:

A) has increased for all types of eating disorders.
B) has increased, but only for 20-30 year olds.
C) has decreased among women but increased among men.
D) has decreased among men but increased among women.
E) has increased and stabilized, most clearly for anorexia nervosa.

Question 21

Research evidence suggests that history of exposure to trauma is more frequently associated with development of an eating disorder that involves:

A) binging
B) purging
C) caloric restriction only
D) control methods only, including caloric restriction and exercise
E) binging and purging

Question 22

One example of a structured interview used to evaluate features and issues related to eating disorders is

A) Symptom Checklist 90.
B) Beck Depression Inventory.
C) Eating Disorder Examination.
D) Eating Disorder Inventory.
E) Anorexia and Bulimia Checklist.

Question 23

There is a relatively high rate of comorbidity in eating disorders, particularly with

A) dissociative amnesia
B) mild psychotic disorders
C) substance, mood, anxiety and personality disorders
D) dissociative and somatoform disorders
E) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 24

A study of eating-disordered patients in Toronto found that __________ percent of the patients reported being sexually abused.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25

Question 25

Eating disorders are sometimes referred to as __________ disorders.

A) not-eating
B) the hunger
C) food
D) bizarre
E) dieting

Question 26

Due to the fact that only small distinctions often separate individuals with different eating disorders, it has been suggested that

A) eating disorders are really a subset of mood disorders.
B) eating disorders should be considered as one disorder, existing on a continuum of severity.
C) eating disorders are not a valid category in the DSM-IV-TR.
D) the category of eating disorders should be abandoned altogether, with a new one to replace it.
E) a greater variety of subtypes need to be introduced.

Question 27

Binge eating disorder is categorized in the DSM-IV-TR as

A) a separate eating disorder.
B) a subtype of Anorexia Nervosa.
C) a special case of Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified.
D) a special case of Bulimia Nervosa.
E) a special type of mood disorder.

Question 28

The integrative or biopsychosocial model is illustrated by the finding that persons who are dieting and suffer from _________ and _________ are most susceptible to an eating disorder, particularly following stress or failure.

A) unstable self-esteem; precocious sexual development
B) low self-esteem; affective instability
C) late psycho-sexual development; pubertal complications
D) unstable self-esteem; peer rejection
E) peer rejection; pubertal complications

Question 29

Lanugo refers to

A) the lack of sexual desire among anorexic patients.
B) the fine body hair on anorexics.
C) the confusion experienced by anorexics as a result of starvation.
D) electrolyte imbalance.
E) the yellowish skin tone of anorexic patients.

Question 30

The diagnostic criteria that involves body image dissatisfaction consists of a perceptual component, __________, and an attitude component, __________.

A) concern with weight gain; the idea of being fatter than anyone else
B) belief that thinness is normal; acceptance of society's image of women
C) distorted body image; undue influence of weight/shape on self-evaluation
D) belief that one is too thin; wanting to gain weight.
E) concern with the way others see you; the image of food as evil

Question 31

Why is the prevalence of eating disorders among men lower, according to the sociocultural model?

A) there is already a match between the ideal man as portrayed by the media and the average man
B) woman themselves prefer the look of the ideal woman as portrayed in the media
C) media does not target young men
D) men feel less pressure to conform to the sociocultural ideal body
E) culture does not have a view of the 'ideal' man

Question 32

That certain personality traits seem to contribute to the development of an eating disorder is supported by the fact that

A) these traits tend to disappear following recovery of the eating disorder.
B) these traits tend to persist before and after an eating disorder has been diagnosed.
C) these traits are very common in women who suffer from eating disorders.
D) these traits are very present before the onset of an eating disorder but are not shown after an eating disorder is diagnosed.
E) these traits are found exclusively in people suffering from an eating disorder.

Question 33

Individuals with anorexia and bulimia demonstrate signs of __________ dysregulation, supporting the role of dysfunctional neurotransmitter activity in eating disorders.

A) serotonin
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) ACH
E) melatonin

Question 34

One complication of studying the symptoms of eating disorders is that they can sometimes overlap with __________ disorders.

A) personality
B) dissociative
C) arousal and physiological
D) somatoform
E) psychotic

Question 35

Individuals who binge eat are more likely to exhibit comorbid
a) depressive disorder.
b) conversion disorder.
c) dissociative disorder.
d) substance abuse.
e) anxiety disorder.

Question 36

Self-induced vomiting may also produce

A) heightened sensitivity to cold.
B) dry hair and hair loss.
C) Russell's sign.
D) Lanugo.
E) dry skin.

Question 37

It has been found that eating-disordered mothers

A) are more likely to use food for nutritive purposes than non-disordered mothers.
B) are more likely to try to prevent the disorder from occurring in their children.
C) discourage dieting among their daughters.
D) do not seem as interested in their daughters' weights as non-disordered mothers.
E) do not feed their children as regularly as non-disordered mothers do.

Question 38

Evidence suggests that dieting can

A) alter brain serotonin function in women, but not in men.
B) increase GABA levels in men, but not in women.
C) diminish norepinephrine levels in women.
D) alter brain dopamine function in men and women.
E) alter overall brain activity in women.

Question 39

Although the ideal woman, as depicted by the media, is getting __________, women are becoming __________.

A) thinner; heavier
B) thinner; even more thin
C) thinner; thinner
D) heavier; thinner
E) heavier; heavier

Question 40

The main difference between binge eating disorder and bulimia is

A) men are generally diagnosed with binge eating disorder and women are diagnosed with bulimia.
B) those suffering from binge eating disorder binge more often.
C) binge eating disorder does not involve a sense of lack of control.
D) the amount of calories consumed per binge is higher in bulimia.
E) sufferers of binge eating disorder do not engage in compensatory behaviours.

Question 41

DSM-5 might merge the _____________ Disorders and Eating Disorders into one diagnostic category

A) Impulse-control
B) Anxiety
C) Mood
D) Feeding
E) Body Dysmorphic

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT true concerning gender and eating disorders.

A) The main features of anorexia and bulimia are similar in males and females.
B) Male patients are treated more effectively if separated from female patients.
C) It does not appear as though the symptomatology of eating disorders differs across genders.
D) Males with eating disorders exhibit much more psychiatric comorbidity than females.
E) The treatment response of males is similar to that of female patients.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Heterosexual males are more likely than homosexual males to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
B) Homosexual females are more likely than heterosexual females to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
C) Homosexual females are more likely than homosexual males to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
D) Heterosexual females are more likely than homosexual females to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
E) Homosexual males are more likely than heterosexual males to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.

Question 44

In Garner and Garfinkel's (1980) model of eating disorders, a precipitating factor would be

A) complications due to purging
B) depression.
C) dieting.
D) a biological predisposition.
E) reduced basal metabolic rate.

Question 45

In Garner and Garfinkel's (1980) model of eating disorders, a perpetuating factor would be

A) social isolation.
B) transition into puberty.
C) the death of a loved one.
D) a defective gene.
E) a critical mother.

Question 46

One therapy that has received some empirical support in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is __________ therapy

A) cognitive-behavioural
B) interpersonal
C) pharmacological
D) family
E) nutritional

Question 47

Family therapy for eating disorders appears to have greater effectiveness for:

A) adults
B) adolescents
C) males
D) females
E) all patients

Question 48

_____________ and ___________ both include low self-esteem, use of weight and shape as a primary source of self-evaluation, and some type of behavior aimed at controlling weight

A) Anorexia and Eating Disorder - NOS
B) Bulimia and Eating Disorder - NOS
C) Bulimia and Anorexia
D) Anorexia and Binge Eating Disorder
E) Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder

Question 49

Findings that only small distinctions often separate individuals in different diagnostic categories and that many people move from one diagnostic category to another support the _____________ view and approach to diagnosing eating disorders

A) categorical
B) dynamic
C) spectrum
D) inter-dependent
E) multiple assessment

Question 50

Prevention programs aim to reduce the incidence of eating disorders primarily by:

A) behaviorally reinforcing healthy eating practices
B) reducing the incidence of depressogenic cognitions in high risk populations
C) providing counseling support for incidents that could trigger ED-related behaviors
D) educating children about the dangers of purging
E) decreasing internalization of the cultural ideal

Question 51

Research has shown that the most effective type of treatment for bulimia nervosa is

A) SSRIs.
B) interpersonal therapy.
C) group therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioural therapy.
E) supportive psychotherapy.

Question 52

Which of the following is true with respect to biological treatments for anorexia?

A) No medication for treating anorexia nervosa have been successful
B) Anti-anxiety medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
C) Antipsychotic medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
D) Medications with CBT are effective at treating the symptoms
E) Antidepressant medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms

Question 53

Interpersonal therapy for eating disorders differs from cognitive-behaviour therapy in which of the following ways?

A) It does not directly target eating-disordered attitudes and behaviours.
B) It focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C) It encourages that patient to use self-monitoring to help patients normalize their eating.
D) It uses psychoeducation about normalized eating.
E) It teaches problem-solving skills.

Question 54

The goal of the first stage of cognitive-behaviour therapy for bulimia involves which of the following?

A) convincing the patient to accept medication as the primary treatment so that therapy can follow
B) focusing on strategies for maintaining change and preventing relapse
C) a continued focus on establishing normalized eating
D) identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs
E) establishing some degree of control over eating

Question 55

Within non-clinical populations, there is evidence that

A) males are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight.
B) males are more likely to be on diets.
C) females are more satisfied with their weight than males.
D) males are disproportionately affected by weight and shape concerns.
E) males would like to increase their weight, whereas females would like to lose weight.

Question 56

In studies that have compared interpersonal therapy with CBT, it has been found that

A) interpersonal therapy produced effects equal to CBT at follow up, but CBT was better at the conclusion of treatment.
B) interpersonal therapy produced long term effects equal to CBT, and was as equally good at the conclusion of treatment.
C) interpersonal therapy works much more quickly than CBT.
D) interpersonal therapy produced effects inferior to CBT, but was better at the conclusion of treatment.
E) interpersonal therapy produced effects inferior to CBT.

Question 57

The Maudsley approach initially attempts to focus on:

A) disorted body image
B) overcontrolling mothers
C) excessive exercise
D) weight gain and eating
E) binging and purging

Question 58

Bulimia nervosa has been treated with __________ medication with some success

A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) bicyclic
D) antianxiety
E) over the counter

Question 59

Probably the most important first step in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is

A) family therapy.
B) nutritional management.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) individual psychotherapy.
E) forced feeding.

Question 60

Estimates are that for every male who diagnosed with an eating disorder, there are __________ females with these disorders

A) 4-5
B) 20-25
C) 10-15
D) 8-10
E) 2-3

Question 61

Depressive disorder can involve severe weight loss or over-eating but will NOT include over-concern regarding weight or inappropriate compensatory behaviors

Question 62

Binge Eating Disorder will be a recognized subtype of Bulimia in the DSM-5

Question 63

Individuals who binge eat are less likely to exhibit comorbid substance abuse.

Question 64

Anorexics do not engage in purging behaviour to maintain weight-loss.

Question 65

Body dissatisfaction is more central to the diagnosis of bulimia than anorexia

Question 66

The restricting type of anorexia nervosa is associated with a poorer long-term prognosis.

Question 67

The anorexic disturbance in body image is often linked to low self-esteem.

Question 68

Anorexia and bulimia are similar in that both involve weight and shape as a primary source of self-evaluation, have low self-esteem, and involve some type of behavior aimed at affecting or controlling weight.

Question 69

People with anorexia usually develop a list of "feared" foods.

Question 70

Persons with anorexia fear weight gain for aesthetic reasons resulting from media transmission of the "thin ideal" body type

Question 71

Social withdrawal, irritability, preoccupation with food and depression appear to be effects rather than causes of anorexia

Question 72

Reduced serotonin transporter density has been associated with BOTH anorexia and bulimia

Question 73

Bulimia nervosa was first identified and named in the 1970s.

Question 74

In the Middle Ages, refusal to eat and fear of gaining weight were looked down upon and associated with witchcraft

Question 75

The Eating Disorder Examination has been found to have poor reliability and validity.

Question 76

Women who otherwise meet criteria for anorexia but who are menstruating and/or who have body weight above 85% of expected appear to constitute a distinctly different group in terms of demographics, illness history, psychopathology and treatment response.

Question 77

Purging behavior in anorexia or bulimia is believed to constitute more severe pathology than other forms of these eating disorders.

Question 78

Some researchers believe that binge eating disorder is really a subtype of bulimia.

Question 79

Regardless of the type of treatment used, relapse is common in the case of anorexia nervosa.

Question 80

Bulimics are typically within the normal weight range.