Deck 3: Classical and Neoclassical Thought

Question 1

What is considered the major source of modern criminal law in English-speaking countries?

A)the Magna Carta
B)the Twelve Tables
C)common law
D)Roman law

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Enlightenment-era concept that human beings abandon their natural state of individual to join a society is which of the following?

A)the Magna Carta
B)constitutional law
C)social contract
D)common law

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Neoclassical criminology places an emphasis on

A)rehabilitation.
B)deterrence and retribution.
C)natural rights.
D)natural law.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Critics charge that classical and neoclassical thought lack an explanation of ___________.

A)criminal motivation
B)philosophy of justice
C)deviant behavior
D)dangerousness

Question 5

In the classic school of thought,what are the two central determinants of human behavior?

A)pride and pleasure
B)pride and greed
C)pain and pleasure
D)pain and greed

Question 6

Classical theories can be critiqued as being a philosophy of ___________ more than a theory of crime causation.

A)justice
B)behavior
C)psychology
D)social context

Question 7

The Classic School of criminological thought contributes crime and deviance to which of the following?

A)mythological creatures
B)natural law
C)free will
D)human greed

Question 8

Rational choice theory can be criticized for

A)overemphasis on psychological context.
B)overemphasis on judicial roles.
C)overemphasis on social context.
D)overemphasis on individual choice.

Question 9

Deterrence is a hallmark of the

A)Neoclassic School.
B)Classic School.
C)Enlightenment Era.
D)Free Will Era.

Question 10

Which of the following is a major concept of the Neoclassical School?

A)natural law
B)free will
C)capable guardians
D)due process

Question 11

The present debate over abortion is an example of the modern-day use of

A)common law.
B)constitutional law.
C)social contract.
D)natural law.

Question 12

A person held at gunpoint forced to shoot another person is in a situation that can be described as

A)hard determinism.
B)free will.
C)positivism.
D)hedonism.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an example of mala prohibita?

A)marijuana use
B)prostitution
C)rape
D)gambling

Question 14

________ is used to measure the likelihood of one's criminal behavior,often in terms of recidivism.

A)Dangerousness
B)The philosophy of justice
C)Deviant behavior
D)The Neoclassic School

Question 15

Who is considered a founder of the Classic School of Criminology?

A)Hobbes
B)Cesare Beccaria
C)Rousseau
D)Thomas Paine

Question 16

Which of the following is not a term developed by William Graham Sumner to describe the three basic forms of behavioral strictures imposed by social groups?

A)mores
B)folkways
C)jurisdiction
D)law

Question 17

Which of the following is not an example of mores?

A)murder
B)rape
C)robbery
D)gambling

Question 18

Situational crime prevention is a social policy approach from the

A)Natural Law.
B)Enlightenment Era.
C)Classic School.
D)Neoclassic School.

Question 19

All of the following are considered among the heritage of the Classic School,except

A)hedonism.
B)free will.
C)rationality.
D)due process.

Question 20

Which of the following were not defined by Beccaria as one of the three main forms of crime?

A)threats to the security of the state
B)injuries to citizens or their property
C)threats to oneself
D)crimes running contrary to social order

Question 21

Analyzing DNA found at a crime scene is an example of positivism.

Question 22

The Enlightenment was also known as the era of theory.

Question 23

A time-honored custom is called a _________.

Question 24

Policies that monitor guardianship are an example of neoclassical criminology.

Question 25

Beccaria's philosophy of punishment is one of swift punishment to all first-time offenders.

Question 26

Preventing crime through educational programs would be an example of Beccaria's philosophy of punishment.

Question 27

The three-strikes legislation mandates life imprisonment for criminals convicted of three felonies.

Question 28

Bentham's approach to crime and punishment has been described as utilitarianism because of its emphasis on the worth any action holds for an individual undertaking it.

Question 29

The rational choice theory was developed by the Classic School of criminology.

Question 30

The belief that ___________ is sometimes required to deter law violators and serve as an example to others violating the law is a part of the Classic School of thought.

Question 31

Rousseau designed the Panopticon prison,a major contribution to the field of criminology.

Question 32

Natural law can be used to explain why all men,despite their racial background,should be treated equal under the law.

Question 33

Thomas Paine first developed the idea of the social contract during the Enlightenment Era.

Question 34

Situational choice theory provides an example of soft determinism.

Question 35

The Classic School of thought did not emerge in criminology until the 1900s.

Question 36

Positivism developed from the Classic School.

Question 37

___________ exists to provide benefits to individuals that they would not receive in isolation.

Question 38

Some illegal activity is the result of rational choices made by individuals seeking illicit rewards.

Question 39

Character development is emphasized in the Classic School as a middle ground between positivism and hard determinism.

Question 40

Classical principles of criminology indicate that human beings are fundamentally rational.

Question 41

What is neoclassic criminology? What is the role of positivism in neoclassic criminology?

Question 42

What is the utilitarianism view of punishment Bentham supported? What contributions did he make to the field of criminology?

Question 43

The belief that the accused should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise is an example of the _________ of the heritage of the Classic School.

Question 44

________ is part of the heritage of the Classic School and states that pleasure and pain,or reward and punishment,are major determinants of choice.

Question 45

___________ created the belief of hedonistic calculus,stating that behavior holds value to any individual undertaking it according to the amount of pain or pleasure it can be expected to produce for the person.

Question 46

In a small primitive society,_________ govern behavior.

Question 47

How did neoclassical criminology develop out of the Classic School? What were some of the major contributions of neoclassical criminology to the field of criminology?

Question 48

Explain Beccaria's philosophy of punishment and provide modern-day examples.

Question 49

__________ was a major theorist during the Enlightenment Era who developed the idea of natural rights.

Question 50

Natural law is a notion developed by Rousseau that helps explain how laws are ___________ products influenced by the context of history and experience.

Question 51

What were some of the early forms of law? How did these develop into the Enlightenment period?

Question 52

The Enlightenment inspired a reexamination of existing doctrines from the point of view of ____________ in the Classic School of criminology.

Question 53

Name and discuss the five principles of the heritage of the Classic School.