Deck 7: Theories of Social Process and Social Development

Question 1

Social learning theory states that people learn to commit crimes from _______.

A)themselves
B)other people
C)social norms
D)animal behavior

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following are important to life course principles except _______.

A)self-control
B)human agency
C)linked lives
D)aging over time

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Differential asocial says criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others in a process of ________.

A)communication
B)performance
C)deviance
D)psychology

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The reaction of society to deviant behavior is a major element in determining the criminality of the behavior according to the __________.

A)labeling theory
B)social learning theory
C)containment theory
D)social control theory

Question 5

Operational conditioning is an example of ________.

A)social learning
B)deviant behavior
C)social structure
D)labeling

Question 6

Which theory states that it is a combination of both internal and external factors that contribute to law-abiding behavior?

A)social learning theory
B)containment theory
C)social control theory
D)labeling theory

Question 7

Social control theories take a step beyond static aspects of personality and environment to look at the process through which __________ develops.

A)labeling
B)social structure
C)social learning
D)social integration

Question 8

Social development theories have been criticized heavily for _______ issues.

A)academic
B)research
C)definitional
D)theoretical

Question 9

All of the following are major focuses of social development policy,except ________.

A)emphasizing individual self-control
B)supporting core social institutions to help reduce risk
C)enhancing protective factors
D)immediate intervention with child delinquency

Question 10

Which of the following portrays human behavior as centered around the management of impressions?

A)social learning theory
B)labeling theory
C)differential association
D)dramaturgical perspective

Question 11

Which of the following is not a social development concept?

A)life course persisters
B)criminal career
C)tagging
D)evolutionary ecology

Question 12

Which one of the following is not a dynamic concept of the life course perspective?

A)activation
B)aggravation
C)socialization
D)desistance

Question 13

_________ are a central concept to life course theories because they include social relationships.

A)linked lives
B)self-control issues
C)career criminals
D)life cycles

Question 14

Social process theories suggest that crime-prevention programs should work to enhance _______.

A)self-control
B)social values
C)social control
D)individuality

Question 15

The _____ approach,which successfully points out reasons for continued deviance and crime,is critiqued for offering little explanation of the origin of crime and deviance.

A)labeling
B)social control
C)differential association
D)human development

Question 16

_________ refers to the cessation of criminal activity.

A)persistence
B)desistance
C)self-control
D)deviance

Question 17

Communicating that stealing is okay if you really need something is an example of _______.

A)differential association
B)labeling
C)society
D)tagging

Question 18

Many theorists critique the idea of ________ because they feel it is not applicable to the individual level.

A)social control
B)self-control
C)deviance
D)differential association

Question 19

The life course perspective helps explain ________.

A)individual rehabilitation
B)criminal careers
C)self-control
D)social learning

Question 20

Which theory states that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with others?

A)social process theory
B)social development perspective
C)labeling theory
D)primary deviance

Question 21

_________ theory says that criminality is learned through a process of association with other criminals.

Question 22

_______ theory explains that weak social constraints lead to delinquent behavior.

Question 23

Differential association is how criminals learn behavior.

Question 24

The degree of positive relationships with others and with social institutions built up over an individual's lifetime is called social capital.

Question 25

Individuals who are not invested in conformity are more likely to be influenced by social processes.

Question 26

Human agency refers to the fact that individuals have no control over their own life course.

Question 27

Deviant behavior is learned according to the principles of operant conditioning in the differential association theory.

Question 28

________ is the major theorist behind the social learning theory that created the nine principles of differential association.

Question 29

Strengthening conformity is a policy implication of social process theories.

Question 30

Differential association values _______ association.

Question 31

Some theorists believe that society creates deviance and deviant people by responding negatively to circumscribed behaviors.

Question 32

The life course perspective is a social process theory.

Question 33

The development of self-control is one way that social process theories aim to prevent criminal behavior.

Question 34

Social control theories look only at the effects of the environment on criminal behavior.

Question 35

A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to law violation over definitions unfavorable to law violation.

Question 36

Criminal and non-criminal behavior are an expression of needs and values.

Question 37

The __________ theory states that the principal part of criminal behavior learning takes place within intimate groups.

Question 38

Tagging is an example of the social learning theory.

Question 39

Social process theories focus only on society.

Question 40

Social development theories do not include analyzing biological and familial aspects of human development.

Question 41

Developmental theories draw attention to _____ of criminal behavior throughout a lifetime.

Question 42

Containment theory is a type of ______ theory.

Question 43

_______ perspective helps us look at criminal behavior throughout a lifetime.

Question 44

A ________ commits crimes throughout his or her life.

Question 45

The Juvenile Mentoring Program is a social policy implication of ________ theories.