Deck 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements

Question 1

Based on Karl Marx's perspective, what is the mode of production?

A) a factory system
B) a structure of inequality
C) an economic system
D) the division of labor

Answer 1

C

Question 2

________ can be seen as an early form of globalization.

A) The Crusades
B) World War I
C) Colonialism
D) Feudalism

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which choice best captures the definition of globalization?

A) cross-national economic integration
B) integration of multiple aspects of social life
C) cultural homogenization
D) political unification

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which factor was central to Max Weber's perspective of social change, specifically the rise of capitalism?

A) culture
B) the power structure
C) the economy
D) religion

Question 5

Even though women today enjoy full equality in the workplace, they still collectively make significantly less money than men. This is evidence that while some beliefs and attitudes change,

A) they do not change fast enough.
B) they are replaced by new ones.
C) other structural patterns persist.
D) things really stay the same.

Question 6

According to Max Weber, Calvinists equated material success with

A) God's blessing.
B) being too "worldly."
C) idolizing money rather than God.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 7

What type of social change do social trends cause?

A) market change
B) unintended consequences
C) unpredictable social change
D) irreversible social consequences

Question 8

William Ogburn argued that in the face of rapid technological change, ________ the new technological reality.

A) people's beliefs lag behind
B) people's ideas correspond with
C) people's attitudes adjust to
D) people's choices adapt to

Question 9

According to Karl Marx, what is the underlying factor behind all social change?

A) the structure of inequality
B) the mode of production
C) collective attitudes
D) historical materialism

Question 10

Sociologists who focus on a particular social and historical environment in which social change occurs, rather than focusing on a single factor, are using which perspective of social change?

A) historical materialism
B) structural analysis
C) cultural analysis
D) contextual analysis

Question 11

Based on Karl Marx's perspective, change in ________ is the foundation of all other social change.

A) cultural attitudes
B) the economic base
C) the distribution of power
D) the structure of domination

Question 12

William Ogburn argued that technological development produces

A) more comfortable lifestyles.
B) better opportunities.
C) improved health.
D) new social problems.

Question 13

The Internet has created a virtual community that brings together people who otherwise would never interact. At the same time, real community involvement suffers as people spend more time isolated from the "real" world. While technology creates new patterns of social interaction, it also produces problems. This reflects the perspective of which social theorist?

A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) William Ogburn
D) C. Wright Mills

Question 14

Max Weber argued that ________ contributed to the emergence of industrial capitalism.

A) universal greed
B) the Protestant ethic
C) structural factors
D) colonialism

Question 15

What is the term that refers to when many individuals begin to engage in a similar behavior independently of one another?

A) social trend
B) social change
C) cultural change
D) attitudinal change

Question 16

Social change is always

A) complete.
B) partial.
C) disturbing.
D) bad.

Question 17

Current trends in sociological theories that explain social change generally focus on material factors and/or

A) ideas.
B) political decisions.
C) powerful people.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 18

William Ogburn proposed that ideas and beliefs change less rapidly than technology. This phenomenon is called

A) cultural drag.
B) technological supremacy.
C) a technological head start.
D) cultural lag.

Question 19

Karl Marx's perspective focuses on which of the following to explain social change?

A) cultural factors
B) power factors
C) material factors
D) domination

Question 20

Which is the most significant feature of globalization?

A) increasing use of the Internet
B) increasing interconnection of societies
C) decreasing community and civic involvement
D) access to affordable consumer goods

Question 21

Which is NOT a policy promoted by neoliberalism?

A) reduction of taxes
B) opposition to unions
C) social welfare programs
D) deregulation

Question 22

The study of population trends and characteristics is called

A) biography.
B) demography.
C) cartography.
D) biostatistics.

Question 23

World systems theory is a form of ________ theory.

A) materialist
B) conflict
C) demographic
D) functionalist

Question 24

Why do critics of neoliberalism suggest that neoliberal policies are applied selectively?

A) Tax cuts are not applied consistently.
B) Only the underprivileged benefit.
C) Governments routinely subsidize businesses.
D) Labor unions are allowed to flourish.

Question 25

Globalization shifted power away from national governments to corporations and transnational entities such as the World Bank. The effect of this shift is

A) improved global security and peace.
B) an improvement of living standards around the world.
C) increased prosperity in developing nations.
D) an increased power of wealthy nations over poor ones.

Question 26

What spurred the population explosion known as the baby boom?

A) a ban on birth control
B) the end of World War II
C) a cultural revolution
D) suburbanization

Question 27

According to the Globalization Index, which of the following countries is the most globalized?

A) United States
B) Netherlands
C) Chad
D) China

Question 28

The people of the Himalayan uplands now drink Coca-Cola, and Indian village women give up breastfeeding in favor of Nestlé formula. These are examples of

A) the benefits of globalization.
B) the globalization of culture.
C) global economic progress.
D) global consumption.

Question 29

From the perspective of world systems theory, national governments in developing nations have ________ to regulate their own economies

A) little incentive
B) a unique opportunity
C) virtually no power
D) been encouraged

Question 30

According to world systems theory, globalization disproportionately benefits wealthy nations because they

A) enjoy a cultural hegemony.
B) have greater political influence.
C) are more powerful.
D) control the rules of capitalism.

Question 31

Some critics argue that globalization has ________ the wealth gap between the rich and poor countries.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) has little impact on
D) equalized

Question 32

The global export of culture

A) involves most world cultures.
B) produces a great intermingling of many cultures.
C) is dominated by Western societies.
D) unifies people around the world.

Question 33

Which group most benefits from the principles of economic neoliberalism?

A) investors and capitalists
B) the working class
C) the government sector
D) marginal groups

Question 34

Western cultural exports around the world are a form of

A) cultural enhancement.
B) cultural unification.
C) cultural domination.
D) indoctrination.

Question 35

Which economic philosophy promotes markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government social expenditures?

A) the Austrian school
B) Keynesian economics
C) neoliberalism
D) libertarianism

Question 36

Many individuals decided to have children at about the same time, which resulted in the baby boom. Which of the following was primarily responsible for the baby boom?

A) individual decisions
B) biology
C) social factors
D) lax morals

Question 37

Transnational organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, play an important role in maintaining developing nations' economic dependence on the former colonial powers. From this perspective, globalization

A) contributes to development in the Third World.
B) places a financial burden on wealthy nations.
C) continues the legacy of colonialism.
D) contributes to growth and prosperity around the world.

Question 38

Western Protestant evangelicals have successfully exported their beliefs and religious practices to many countries around the world. This is an example of

A) cultural globalization.
B) a global social movement.
C) a transnational church.
D) neoconservatism.

Question 39

What are global cities?

A) cities that do not recognize a single "official" language
B) cities whose population is made up of more than 50 percent immigrants or children of immigrants
C) cities that have no immigration restrictions or trade barriers for companies that are based in them
D) cities that are home to companies that provide services that are strategic to the global economy

Question 40

Neoliberal policies have

A) been widely accepted and endorsed by most.
B) sparked a global justice movement.
C) promoted fairness and justice.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 41

Based on demographic transition theory, why do preindustrial societies experience very low overall population growth?

A) low birth rates
B) high birth and death rates
C) high death rates
D) alternating periods of prosperity and famine

Question 42

What is the primary reason behind the global population explosion?

A) absence of birth control
B) increased prosperity
C) increasing poverty
D) scientific advances

Question 43

Which area of the world is experiencing the highest death rate?

A) South America
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) Asia

Question 44

Technological development, particularly in the medical field, contributed to population explosion by

A) improving living standards and reducing mortality.
B) improving fertility treatments.
C) increasing life expectancy and lowering infant mortality.
D) improving preventive health care.

Question 45

By 2088, the world's population is expected to be

A) 5 billion.
B) 7 billion.
C) 9 billion.
D) 11 billion.

Question 46

An aging population brings a variety of social problems. Which issue related to the aging population in the United States is most significant?

A) a housing shortage for young people
B) too few young people supporting too many retirees
C) slower economic growth and lower spending
D) high unemployment as retirement age increases

Question 47

Which of the following best describes the current and projected impact of immigration on population growth in the United States and other wealthy nations?

A) significant
B) negligible
C) declining
D) currently insignificant, but rapidly increasing

Question 48

Which of the following describes the population growth rate in European countries?

A) negative growth rate
B) high birth rate
C) negative death rate
D) stable growth

Question 49

Demographic transition theory suggests that societies progress through four demographic stages, beginning with high birth and death rates and culminating at ________ population growth.

A) slowed
B) zero
C) negative
D) sustainable

Question 50

The "graying of America" has had which of the following effects on the Social Security system in the United States?

A) Benefits have been reduced.
B) The age at which a person is eligible for benefits has increased.
C) The system itself continues to struggle with solvency.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 51

Unsustainable population growth is threatening the planet. This statement is consistent with which population theory?

A) neoclassical
B) Malthusian
C) environmental
D) neo-Malthusian

Question 52

How is social structure in advanced countries related to small families?

A) Urban living restricts the number of family members.
B) Children are a financial liability.
C) Family planning is possible.
D) There is a cultural preference for fewer children.

Question 53

Which theory argues that population growth is directly related to levels of affluence and adoption of new technology?

A) demographic divide theory
B) Malthusian theory
C) demographic transition theory
D) neoliberalism

Question 54

Besides death and birth rates, what other factor is essential in assessing population growth?

A) incarceration rates
B) migration
C) degree of economic prosperity
D) reliability of demographic records

Question 55

Which of the following best describes Rosa Parks's role in the Montgomery bus boycott?

A) a spontaneous action by a woman who was a new member of the NAACP
B) a deliberate action by a woman who was "brought in" to Montgomery by the NAACP
C) a spontaneous action by a woman who was simply tired of the status quo
D) a deliberate action by a trained civil rights movement member

Question 56

Not all countries experience the same population trends. Great differences exist among countries in population growth, infant mortality rates, average lifespan, etc. This inequality is called

A) the population pyramid.
B) population disparity.
C) biometric discrepancy.
D) the demographic divide.

Question 57

How is social structure in agrarian societies related to large families?

A) extended family structure
B) religious promotion of procreation
C) absence of birth control
D) need for farm labor

Question 58

According to demographic transition theory, societies that embraced industrialization were able to reduce overall birth and death rates. The primary reason behind this reduction was

A) increased affluence.
B) the introduction of birth control.
C) improved knowledge about sanitation and disease.
D) transition from extended to nuclear families.

Question 59

What is the primary factor in rates of population growth?

A) access to birth control
B) level of economic development
C) religious beliefs
D) cultural values

Question 60

What does Richard Flacks mean by "making history"?

A) a special charisma to sway people's opinions
B) an ability to invent new technology that changes the course of history
C) the power to influence the organization of society
D) an ability to act in a way that inspires change

Question 61

The idea of framing originated in the work of

A) Max Weber.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Erving Goffman.
D) Frederick Douglass.

Question 62

What primarily differentiates social movements from other forms of politics?

A) Social movements do not involve money.
B) Social movements use extrainstitutional tactics.
C) Social movements fight for a noble cause.
D) Social movements are centered on conflict.

Question 63

The coordination of many individuals into a concerted effort to promote social change is called

A) organizing.
B) a revolt.
C) a boycott.
D) a protest.

Question 64

According to Richard Flacks, most people are not involved in "making history" because they

A) are too distracted by media entertainment.
B) lack inspiration and dedication.
C) lack talents and special abilities.
D) are busy "making life."

Question 65

Boycotts, nonviolent street demonstrations, and protests are examples of what type or method of social change?

A) innovative
B) disruptive
C) conflict-based
D) extrainstitutional

Question 66

Collective, organized efforts at bringing about or opposing change, typically led by people who have no institutional power, is a definition of

A) interest groups.
B) lobbying.
C) social movements.
D) support groups.

Question 67

Which of the following best describes the methods used by social movements to achieve their goals?

A) exclusively extrainstitutional
B) combination of conventional and extrainstitutional
C) innovative but conventional
D) nontraditional power channels

Question 68

________ is a way to generate assets that support the physical structure and operation of a social movement.

A) Movement drive
B) Asset acquisition
C) A charitable function
D) Resource mobilization

Question 69

Social movements would NOT be interested in pursuing which effort?

A) changing institutional structure
B) supporting charitable organizations
C) promoting the support for war
D) educating about the importance of recycling

Question 70

According to community organizers, there are two basic sources of power. Which of the following is the one possessed by social movements?

A) money
B) people
C) influence
D) enthusiasm

Question 71

Successful social movements are generally able to ________ alter social values in order to bring about change.

A) radically
B) rapidly
C) partially
D) completely

Question 72

Social movements promote their organizations with symbolic markers such as logos, t-shirts, and slogans primarily in order to

A) foster collective identity.
B) solicit contributions.
C) rally support.
D) maintain enthusiasm.

Question 73

Who famously stated that, "Power concedes nothing without a demand"?

A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) Martin Luther King, Jr.
D) Frederick Douglass

Question 74

What are political opportunities?

A) when movement leaders gain political influence
B) external factors that change the environment
C) when a movement becomes mainstream
D) when movement leadership becomes part of the power structure

Question 75

The most likely candidate for recruitment into a social movement would be a(n)

A) unemployed person.
B) disenchanted employee.
C) college student.
D) retiree.

Question 76

________ is essential to the success of today's social movements.

A) Effective communication
B) Large financial backing
C) Face-to-face contact
D) Access to mainstream media

Question 77

Social movements are primarily interested in

A) addressing immediate needs.
B) supporting charitable causes.
C) tackling root causes.
D) providing service and assistance.

Question 78

Why are bystanders so important to the success of a social movement?

A) They can cheer and support the movement actors.
B) Movements need public exposure.
C) There is potential for expansion of the movement if bystanders become involved.
D) Movements need witnesses to injustice.

Question 79

Although composed mostly of the powerless, social movements do have power to bring about social change. A major source of their power is the power

A) to excite and inspire.
B) to influence and persuade.
C) to confront and challenge.
D) of noncompliance.

Question 80

Framing is central to the formation of a collective identity necessary for the success of a social movement. What does framing do?

A) It defines "us" versus "them."
B) It defines the meaning of its message.
C) It identifies opponents or targets.
D) It solidifies membership.