Deck 20: Introducing Multivariate Data Analysis

Question 1

To determine whether the discriminant analysis can be used as a good predictor,information provided in the "confusion matrix" is used.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The variate is a mathematical way in which a set of variables can be represented with one equation.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The limiting score serves as a benchmark in discriminant analysis.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Interval and ratio scales are referred to as nonmetric scales.

Question 5

The likelihood value provides a way of indicating the overall significance or predictive capabilities of multiple regression.

Question 6

Nominal and ordinal scales are referred to as metric scales.

Question 7

MANOVA predicts multiple continuous dependent variables with multiple continuous independent variables.

Question 8

-2LL serves as an overall indictor of the predictive power of a logistic regression model.

Question 9

Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the general linear model (GLM).

Question 10

Logit is the inverse log of the odds of some occurrence.

Question 11

Multivariate statistical analysis permits the researcher to consider the effects of three or more variables at the same time.

Question 12

The basic types of multivariate techniques are known as metric methods and nonmetric methods.

Question 13

Logistic regression is a multivariate technique involving prediction of a categorical,dichotomous dependent variable.

Question 14

MANCOVA is a variation of MANOVA that can include interval or ratio covariates.

Question 15

Wilks Lambda is the most commonly applied statistic for calculating MANOVA model results.

Question 16

The odds of success is the probability of success multiplied by the probability of failure.

Question 17

The type of measurement scales used will determine which multivariate statistical techniques are appropriate for the data.

Question 18

A discriminant score above the cutting score places observations in one group,while a discriminant score below the cutting score places them in another.

Question 19

A discriminant score provides a way of assigning observations to groups.

Question 20

Discriminant analysis predicts an interval dependent variable based on a nonlinear combination of independent variables.

Question 21

Logistic regression equations are estimated using OLS.

Question 22

Nominal and ordinal scales are examples of ____ scales,while interval and ratio scales are examples of ____ scales.

A)metric;co-metric
B)nonmetric;metric
C)nonmetric;advanced
D)metric;continuous

Question 23

All of the following are examples of dependence methods of analysis EXCEPT ____.

A)multiple regression analysis
B)multiple discriminant analysis
C)cluster analysis
D)multivariate analysis of variance

Question 24

If the analysis contains only one dependent variable and that variable is interval,the appropriate statistical analysis is ____.

A)multiple discriminant analysis
B)conjoint analysis
C)multivariate ANOVA
D)multiple regression

Question 25

A variable that is coded as either zero or one and that has two distinct levels is called a(n)____.

A)regression variable
B)dummy variable
C)MANOVA variable
D)ANOVA variable

Question 26

The exponential logistic coefficient is the antilog of the raw logistic regression parameter estimate.

Question 27

The entropy R² is also called the pseudo R².

Question 28

When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits,amount of advertising,and the income levels of residents,the researcher is most likely using ____.

A)univariate analysis
B)a chi-square analysis
C)multiple regression analysis
D)factor analysis

Question 29

In discriminant analysis,a linear combination of independent variables that explains group memberships is known as a(n)____.

A)regression equation
B)discriminant function
C)discriminant factor
D)n-way ANOVA

Question 30

Which characteristic can be used to represent a set of variables with one mathematical equation?

A)structuralism
B)variate
C)ANOVA
D)exponentiation

Question 31

If a bank wants to identify successful and unsuccessful credit risks for home mortgage loans,it should use ____.

A)factor analysis
B)multidimensional scaling
C)MANOVA
D)discriminant analysis

Question 32

Which type of analysis attempts to predict a categorical dependent variable?

A)factor analysis
B)discriminant analysis
C)regression analysis
D)linear analysis

Question 33

Logistic regression models can be compared with respect to their predictive power by taking the difference of their respective -2LLs.

Question 34

Which type of analysis involves three or more variables?

A)univariate statistical analysis
B)bivariate statistical analysis
C)multivariate statistical analysis
D)polyvariate statistical analysis

Question 35

If the analysis predicts several continuous dependent variables with several categorical independent variables,the appropriate statistical technique is ____.

A)multiple regression
B)multiple discriminant analysis
C)conjoint analysis
D)MANOVA

Question 36

The entropy statistic allows interpretation of the statistical significance of the relationship between each independent variable and the logit values representing the dependent variable.

Question 37

When a multivariate statistical technique is used to predict a dependent variable from several independent variables,the researcher is studying ____.

A)dependence
B)independence
C)interdependence
D)segmental

Question 38

All of the following are dependence methods of analysis EXCEPT ____.

A)structural equations modeling
B)multiple regression analysis
C)multiple discriminant analysis
D)factor analysis

Question 39

Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the ____,which is a way of modeling some process based on how different variables cause fluctuations from the average dependent variable.

A)ordinary linear model (OLM)
B)weighted average model (WAM)
C)general linear model (GLM)
D)metric scaling model (MSM)

Question 40

The two basic groups of multivariate techniques are ____.

A)dependence methods and interdependence methods
B)primary methods and secondary methods
C)simple methods and complex methods
D)partial methods and complete methods

Question 41

In discriminant analysis,a number that serves as a benchmark is a ____.

A)cutting score
B)discriminant function
C)discriminant factor
D)Wald statistic

Question 42

Which of the following entropy R² values implies the highest predictive power?

A)-1.0
B)0.0
C)+0.5
D)+0.8

Question 43

What is computed by the following formula?

A)Wald statistic
B)exponential logistic coefficient
C)entropy R²
D)likelihood value

Question 44

Statistical methods that permit the study of three or more variables at the same time are called ____________________ statistical analysis.

Question 45

In logistic regression,the dependent variable takes on a value of one to indicate ____.

A)non-instance
B)success
C)failure
D)frequency

Question 46

Which entropy R² value implies no predictive power?

A)0
B)-1.0
C)+0.5
D)+1.0

Question 47

Multivariate dependence techniques are variants of the ____________________.

Question 48

The probability of success divided by the probability of failure is the ____.

A)logit
B)odds of success
C)Wald statistic
D)-2LL

Question 49

Which method of analysis is a variation of MANOVA that can include interval or ratio covariates?

A)ANOVA
B)MANCOVA
C)logit
D)factor analysis

Question 50

Which activity is the final step in interpreting MANOVA or MANCOVA results?

A)Examine the multivariate F.
B)Examine the individual Univariate Model F tests.
C)Examine the individual F tests.
D)Interpret the effect by examining differences in the means.

Question 51

If the probability of success is 90 percent,what are the odds of success?

A)0.10
B)1.0
C)3.0
D)9.0

Question 52

When an analysis studies the effect of several independent variables on a single dependent variable that is interval-scaled,the analysis is called ____________________ analysis.

Question 53

Which formula is the correct formula for a logit?

A)Logiti = ln(probability of success/probability of failure)
B)Logiti = ln(probability of success*probability of failure)
C)Logiti = ln(probability of success/probability of failure)2
D)Logiti = ln(1/probability of failure)2

Question 54

In logistic regression,the dependent variable takes on a value of zero to indicate ____.

A)success
B)occurrence
C)failure
D)frequency

Question 55

Which activity is the first step in interpreting MANOVA or MANCOVA results?

A)Examine the multivariate F.
B)Examine the individual Univariate Model F tests.
C)Examine the individual F tests.
D)Interpret the effect by examining differences in the means.

Question 56

The two types of multivariate techniques are ____________________ methods and ____________________ methods.

Question 57

Which entropy R² value implies perfect predictive power?

A)0
B)-1.0
C)+0.5
D)+1.0

Question 58

If the probability of success is 90 percent,what is the value of the logit?

A)0.000
B)1.099
C)2.197
D)3.467

Question 59

A(n)____________________ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.

Question 60

The most commonly applied statistic for calculating MANOVA results is the ____.

A)Wald statistic
B)Wilks beta
C)logit
D)Wilks lambda

Question 61

Explain the steps in interpreting MANOVA.

Question 62

Discuss dependence methods.List the statistical techniques that can be used for this method.

Question 63

If the researcher wants to classify objects into two mutually exclusive categories,the researcher should use ____________________ analysis.

Question 64

____________________ predicts several dependent variables by using several independent variables.

Question 65

Describe discriminant analysis and its uses.

Question 66

If the probability of success is 60 percent,the odds of success are ____________________.

Question 67

An assessment of logistic regression predictive power that functions like R² in multiple regression is the ____________________ R².

Question 68

List the steps in multivariate dependent analyses.

Question 69

____________________ regression is a multivariate technique involving prediction of a categorical,dichotomous dependent variable.

Question 70

Explain how MANOVA models are similar to and differ from ANOVA models.

Question 71

When the logistic regression equation predicts a result of greater than 0 (positive value),the predicted outcome is ____________________.

Question 72

If the probability of failure is 50 percent,the value of the logit is ____________________.

Question 73

When the logistic regression equation predicts a result less than 0 (negative value),the predicted outcome is ____________________.

Question 74

The ____________________ logistic coefficient is the antilog of the raw logistic regression parameter estimate.

Question 75

If the probability of success is 50 percent,the odds of success are ____________________.