Deck 2: The Evolution of Management Thinking

Question 1

The humanistic perspective contains three subfields: scientific management,bureaucratic organizations,and administrative principles.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One of the important reasons for the success of UPS is the concept of bureaucracy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Economic forces pertain to the availability,production,and distribution of resources in a society.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A historical perspective provides a narrower way of thinking,a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.

Question 5

Scientific management developed a standard method for performing each job.

Question 6

In the Manager's Shoptalk of chapter 2,benchmarking and six sigma are the top two contemporary management tools.

Question 7

The early study of management as we know it today began with what is now called the technology-driven workplace.

Question 8

A bar graph that measures planned and completed work along each stage of production by time elapsed is called a Gantt chart.

Question 9

Standardization of work and wage incentives are characteristics of behavioral science.

Question 10

Fayol's unity of direction principle emphasizes that each subordinate receives orders from one,and only one superior.

Question 11

With clear definitions of authority and responsibility,division of labor is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

Question 12

One of the criticisms of scientific management is it did not acknowledge variance among individuals.

Question 13

Political forces are aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 14

The technology-driven workplace is the most current management perspective.

Question 15

Frederick W.Taylor developed Scientific Management and emphasized the fourteen principles of management that should guide managerial behavior.

Question 16

Taylor was awarded the title of "father of scientific management" since he was the sole contributor in the area of scientific management.

Question 17

Administrative acts and decisions recorded in writing is one of the six characteristics of the ideal bureaucracy.

Question 18

Studying history is a way to achieve strategic thinking,see the big picture,and improve conceptual skills.

Question 19

The classical perspective on management emerged during the early eighteenth century.

Question 20

Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

Question 21

Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with belongingness,progressed to safety,and finally led to esteem.

Question 22

Operations management represents the field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods and services.

Question 23

Scientific management focuses on employee competence,whereas administrative principles focus on work flow through the organization.

Question 24

The Hawthorne studies led to the early conclusion that positive human relations can lead to significantly higher performance.

Question 25

Follett and Barnard were early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management that emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior,needs,and attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes.

Question 26

Maslow's hierarchy of needs started with safety needs.

Question 27

The scientific management perspective refers to the management thinking and practice that emphasizes satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity.

Question 28

The behavioral science approach develops theories about human behavior based on scientific methods and study.

Question 29

Theory Y proposes that organizations can take advantage of the imagination and intellect of all of their employees.

Question 30

Unity of direction principle proposes that similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.

Question 31

According to Douglas McGregor,Theory X and Theory Y provide two opposing views of workers,where Theory X recognizes that workers enjoy achievement and responsibility,while Theory Y recognizes that workers will avoid work whenever possible.

Question 32

The management science perspective emerged after World War II to treat problems associated with improving manufacturing.

Question 33

Unfortunately,Mary Parker Follett's approach to leadership stressed the importance of engineering techniques rather than people.

Question 34

The field of management that specializes in the physical production of goods or services refers to operations management.

Question 35

Most early interpretations of the Hawthorne studies agreed that money was the cause of the increased output.

Question 36

The scalar chain is a hypothetical chain that provides horizontal links between unionized workers in different departments in an organization.

Question 37

When the shop foreman receives and rewards valuable suggestions from its workers,and this leads to continual improvement of production,synergy has occurred.

Question 38

Contingency theory suggests that managers are more successful if they learn the best way to manage and motivate their employees,and then apply this knowledge in a universally consistent way.

Question 39

A social group within an organization is part of the informal organization.

Question 40

Organization development is a specific set of management techniques based in the behavioral science approach.

Question 41

Customer relationship management systems collect and manage large amounts of data about customers and make them available to employees.

Question 42

Outsourcing refers to contracting out selected functions or activities to other organizations that can do the work more cost-efficiently.

Question 43

The sequence of suppliers and purchasers,covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers refers to CRM.

Question 44

Kaizen refers to an innovation mindset,used widely by Indian companies,that strives to meet customers' immediate needs quickly and inexpensively.

Question 45

A criticism of human relations management is that it ignores the social context and workers' needs.

Question 46

The human relations movement is also referred to as the dairy farm view of management,meaning that contented cows give more milk,and satisfied workers will give more work.

Question 47

Supply chain management refers to the sequence of suppliers and purchasers,covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers.

Question 48

The inherent focus of TQM is on managing the total organization to deliver quality to the customer.

Question 49

The management science approach uses qualitative data in management decision making.

Question 50

An assumption of Theory Y is that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible.

Question 51

A contingency view perceives every situation as unique.

Question 52

The changing attitudes,ideas,and values of Generation Y employees is an example of a social force.

Question 53

A process whereby companies find out how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it refers to outsourcing.

Question 54

The acceptance theory of authority states that people have free will and can choose whether to follow management orders.

Question 55

The Hawthorne studies resulted in the movement towards scientific management.

Question 56

Information technology is the most recent subfield of the quantitative perspective.

Question 57

Scientific management evolved with the use of precise procedures in place of tradition and rules of thumb.

Question 58

The implementation of small,incremental improvements in all areas of the organization on an ongoing basis refers to continuous improvement.

Question 59

A supply chain is a network of multiple businesses and individuals that are connected through the flow of products or services.

Question 60

Benchmarking involves finding out what the customer wants.

Question 61

____ is the most current management perspective.

A)Total quality management
B)Contingency views
C)Systems theory
D)Open (collaborative)innovation
E)Classical perspective

Question 62

Research shows that during difficult times in the business environment,managers are less likely to look for fresh ideas than they would during good times.

Question 63

Who is considered the "first lady of management?"

A)Mary Parker Follett
B)Lillian Gilbreth
C)Carly Fiorona
D)Maxine Weber
E)Anne Adams

Question 64

Contingency thinking is the ability to see both the distinct elements of a system or situation and the complex and changing interaction among those elements.

Question 65

Although developed by a Japanese business manager,the quality movement is strongly associated with American companies.

Question 66

____ is considered the "father of scientific management."

A)Frank B.Gilbreth
B)Elton Mayo
C)Henry Gantt
D)Douglas McGregor
E)Frederick W.Taylor

Question 67

The three subfields of the classical perspective include

A)quantitative management,behavioral science,and administrative management.
B)bureaucratic organization,quantitative management,and the human relations movement.
C)administrative management,bureaucratic organization,and scientific management.
D)scientific management,quantitative management,and administrative management.
E)none of these.

Question 68

According to the Manager's Shoptalk of chapter 2,which of the following is not in the top five contemporary management tools?

A)Collaborative innovation
B)Mission and vision statements
C)Benchmarking
D)Strategic planning
E)Customer relationship management

Question 69

The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the development of which management perspective?

A)The human relations movement
B)The behavioral sciences approach
C)The classical perspective
D)The quantitative management approach
E)The TQM approach

Question 70

Strong anti-American sentiments in many parts of the world exemplify the effect of

A)economic forces.
B)political forces.
C)demographic forces.
D)technological forces.
E)human relations forces.

Question 71

Which of these perspectives emphasized a rational,scientific approach to the study of management and sought to make organizations efficient operating machines?

A)The Humanistic Perspective
B)The Behavioral Sciences Approach
C)The Classical Perspective
D)The TQM approach
E)The Quantitative Management Approach

Question 72

____ forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people.

A)Social
B)Political
C)Economic
D)Technological
E)Legal

Question 73

Which of these is a subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity?

A)The human relations movement
B)The behavioral sciences approach
C)The TQM approach
D)The quantitative management approach
E)The scientific management movement

Question 74

The term "quants" refers to financial managers and others who base their decisions on complex quantitative analysis,under assumption that using advanced mathematics and technology can accurately predict how the market works.

Question 75

Which of these forces pertain to the availability,production,and distribution of resources in a society?

A)Social
B)Political
C)Economic
D)Technological
E)Legal

Question 76

Discerning circles of causality is an important element of systems thinking.

Question 77

Frank Gilbreth felt that efficiency equated with ____.

A)one best way to do work
B)leadership flows from the top down
C)procedures and policies
D)scientific management
E)bureaucracy

Question 78

According to the Manager's Shoptalk of chapter 2,Indian executives are more likely to use tools such as

A)customer segmentation and business process reengineering.
B)consumer ethnography and corporate blogs.
C)strategic alliances and collaborative innovation.
D)activity-based management and virtual teams.
E)scenario planning and lean operations.

Question 79

Which of these forces comprises unwritten,common rules and perceptions about relationships?

A)Economic forces
B)Political forces
C)Social forces
D)Legal forces
E)Personal forces

Question 80

A(n)____ perspective provides a broader way of thinking,a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.

A)analytical
B)futuristic
C)systematic
D)methodical
E)historical