Deck 14: Understanding Individual Behavior

Question 1

A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Recency supports the old truism that first impressions really do count.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The concepts and principles of OB are important to managers because in every organization human beings ultimately make the decisions that control how the organization will acquire and use resources.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization refers to organizational commitment.

Question 5

A positive attitude toward one's job is called cognitive attitude.

Question 6

The process by which individuals screen and select the various stimuli that vie for their attention refers to stimulus selectivity.

Question 7

Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations.

Question 8

Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

Question 9

Job satisfaction is work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success.

Question 10

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success,refers to organizational achievement.

Question 11

Attribution is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting,organizing,and interpreting information.

Question 12

One important step for managers is recognizing and understanding the components of attitudes,which is important when attempting to change attitudes.

Question 13

When Paul remarks,"I love my classes this semester," it reflects the cognitive element of attitude.

Question 14

As a general rule,changing one component of an attitude can contribute to an overall change in attitude.

Question 15

Organizations don't want to lose talented,highly skilled workers,so they try to create an atmosphere of job satisfaction.

Question 16

Advertising is an obvious application of selective perception.

Question 17

The link between satisfaction and performance,according to research,is generally small and is affected by other factors.

Question 18

The tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people refers to attribution.

Question 19

A condition in which two attitudes or a behavior and an attitude conflict is called intra-organization conflict.

Question 20

Proximity is the tendency to group sensory data because they are alike in some way.

Question 21

The degree to which a person is focused on a few goals,thus behaving in ways that are responsible,dependable,persistent,and achievement oriented is conscientiousness.

Question 22

According to one recent book,the secret to success in work and life is likability.

Question 23

From attributions viewpoint,if the behavior is distinctive,the perceiver probably will make an internal attribution.

Question 24

According to Jung,people who would prefer to work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information are called intuitive-type people.

Question 25

People have a high external locus of control when they feel in control of their own fate.

Question 26

From attributions viewpoint,if the behavior is in consensus,the perceiver will probably respond to similar situations in the same way.

Question 27

People with an external locus of control are harder to motivate but easier to lead.

Question 28

The degree to which a person is calm,enthusiastic,and self-confident,rather than tense,depressed,moody,or insecure is emotional stability.

Question 29

Agreeableness refers to the degree to which a person is sociable,talkative,assertive,and comfortable with interpersonal relationships.

Question 30

Authoritarianism is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.

Question 31

Social awareness is the ability to connect to others,build positive relationships,respond to the emotions of others,and influence others.

Question 32

According to research,seven in ten top executives test out to be introverts.

Question 33

When people give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail,this refers to the self-serving bias.

Question 34

Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity.According to the Big Five personality factors,these qualities describe her openness to experience.

Question 35

The degree to which a person is outgoing,sociable,assertive,and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called extroversion.

Question 36

Self-management is being aware of what you are feeling.

Question 37

The degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured,likable,cooperative,forgiving,understanding,and trusting is agreeableness.

Question 38

Low Machs are particularly good in jobs that require bargaining skills or that involve substantial rewards for winning.

Question 39

The degree to which a person is outgoing,sociable,assertive,and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called openness to experience.

Question 40

Machiavellianism is the tendency to direct much on one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for purely personal gain.

Question 41

Person-job fit is the extent to which a person's ability and personality matches the requirements of a job.

Question 42

Experience is the gradual change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of learning.

Question 43

According to research,an individual's personality has no affect on how they respond to stressors.

Question 44

Concrete experience is the first stage in the learning process cycle.

Question 45

Enlightened companies support healthy habits to help people manage stress and be more productive.

Question 46

A person with a converger learning style type is good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

Question 47

Role ambiguity is defined as uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role.

Question 48

When the level of stress is high relative to a person's coping resources,stress can be a positive force,stimulating desirable change and achievement.

Question 49

Daily flextime is considered by many employees to be the most effective work-life practice.

Question 50

A change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of experience refers to learning.

Question 51

Researchers have identified four fundamental learning styles labeled Diverger,Assimilator,Converger,and Accommodator.

Question 52

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality test that measures a person's preference for introversion vs.extroversion,sensation vs.intuition,thinking vs.feeling,and judging vs.perceiving.

Question 53

A person with an accommodator learning style type is good at implementing decisions and carrying out plans.

Question 54

Extreme competitiveness,impatience,aggressiveness,and devotion to work are included in Type B behavior pattern.

Question 55

A person with a diverger learning style type is good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

Question 56

The Sensation-Thinking style prefers dealing with theoretical or technical problems.

Question 57

Locus of control refers to an individual's belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.

Question 58

A person with an assimilator learning style type is good at inductive reasoning and creating theoretical models.

Question 59

The second stage in the learning process cycle is a concrete experience.

Question 60

Organizations that want to challenge their employees and stay competitive can easily be stress-free.

Question 61

In general,people are more likely to notice a familiar voice than a stranger's voice.

Question 62

When Bonnie remarks that she loves the classes she is taking this semester,it refers to which component of attitude?

A)Knowledge
B)Behavior
C)Dissonance
D)Affect
E)Cognitions

Question 63

The ability to connect to others,build positive relationships,respond to the emotions of others,and influence others is referred to as relationship management.

Question 64

People with an internal locus of control are easier to motivate because they believe the rewards are the result of their behavior.

Question 65

Recent surveys indicate that the majority of working individuals strongly trust in their top management.

Question 66

Kendall,a senior at Morgan University,believes that it is okay to get at "B" but more important to learn in a class than get an easy "A" without learning.Kendall's belief reflects which component of attitude?

A)Behavior
B)Affect
C)Dissonance
D)Feeling
E)Cognitions

Question 67

An emotion can be thought of as a mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes or sensations.

Question 68

People with a judging preference enjoy ambiguity,dislike deadlines,and may change their minds several times as they gather large amounts of data and information to make decisions.

Question 69

An internal attribution says something about the situation has caused the person's behavior.

Question 70

The first stage of the experiential learning cycle is reflecting on observations.

Question 71

Attitudes are judgments about what caused a person's behavior.

Question 72

The ____ is the beliefs,opinions,and information a person has about the object of an attitude.

A)affective component
B)feeling component
C)cognitive component
D)behavioral component
E)dissonance aspect of attitude

Question 73

Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success?

A)Job satisfaction
B)Organizational citizenship
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Job involvement
E)Organizational Commitment

Question 74

Self confidence refers to a general assurance in one's own ideas,judgment,and capabilities.

Question 75

Behavioral scientists consider attitudes to have three components: cognitions,affect,and behavior.

Question 76

Organizational commitment refers to a positive attitude toward one's job.

Question 77

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n)

A)attitude.
B)authoritarianism.
C)perception.
D)projection.
E)personality.

Question 78

Research finds that the emotion contagion phenomenon works for positive emotions but not for negative emotions.

Question 79

An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called

A)sociology.
B)vocational counseling.
C)cultural anthropology.
D)psychology.
E)organizational behavior.

Question 80

Perceptual defense is the tendency of perceivers to protect themselves against ideas,objects,or people that are threatening.