Deck 5: Cell Division

Question 1

According to the image below,during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell increase in size in preparation for division?

A)Region 1
B)Region 2
C)Region 3
D)Region 4

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Some daughter cells are described as clones.For this description to be appropriate,the daughter cells must

A)show the same differentiation characteristics as the parent cell.
B)separate from one another and experience an independent existence.
C)contain a set of DNA that is identical to that of the parent cell.
D)have been produced by meiotic cell division.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following pairs of processes encompasses the entire cell cycle?

A)G1 phase and mitosis
B)G1 phase and G2 phase
C)interphase and metaphase
D)cell division and interphase

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to the image below,during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material evenly partitioned between daughter cells?

A)Region 1
B)Region 2
C)Region 5
D)Region 6

Question 5

Which of the following choices states a correct reason why the process of cell division is different for prokaryotic than for eukaryotic cells?

A)Prokaryotes have a circular DNA molecule.
B)Prokaryotic cells do not undergo cell division.
C)Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
D)Prokaryotic DNA contains different bases from those in eukaryotic DNA.

Question 6

Which of the following accurately describes the similarities between mitosis,meiosis,and binary fission?

A)All three of the processes generate haploid gametes.
B)All three of the processes occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
C)All three of the processes are used to produce daughter cells.
D)All three of the processes generate clones.

Question 7

The G₀ phase of the cell cycle is distinguished by

A)the failure of cells to divide following telophase.
B)a doubling of chromosomes.
C)an absence of preparation for DNA synthesis.
D)the appearance of a metaphase plate.

Question 8

A pool of cells is treated with a chemical that halts progress through the cell cycle.In which stage of the cell cycle would most cells be found?

A)metaphase
B)interphase
C)anaphase
D)cytokinesis

Question 9

Which of the following is associated with mitosis?

A)independent assortment
B)maintenance of chromosome number
C)crossing over
D)reductional division

Question 10

The process shown in the figure could produce

A)two identical skin cells.
B)two genetically unique sperm cells.
C)two cloned red blood cells.
D)two identical prokaryotic cells.

Question 11

According to the image below,during which phase of the cell cycle is the genetic material duplicated?

A)Region 1
B)Region 3
C)Region 4
D)Region 5

Question 12

Which of the following differentiates meiosis from mitosis?

A)Mitosis is used for the repair of cells,whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction.
B)In mitosis four identical daughter cells are produced,whereas two genetically different cells are produced in meiosis.
C)Meiosis is a form of asexual division,whereas mitosis is a form of sexual division.
D)Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells,whereas meiosis occurs in eukaryotic cells.

Question 13

A researcher is recording the process of bacteria cell division using time-lapse microscopy.Which of the following processes would she be observing?

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)binary fission
D)She may be observing either A or B depending on the growth conditions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between binary fission and mitosis?

A)replication of the genetic material
B)breakdown of the nuclear envelope
C)cell growth and expansion
D)increase in cytoplasmic factors

Question 15

Which of the following statements about cell division is correct?

A)It is the process by which organisms grow and maintain their tissues.
B)It is no longer necessary once an organism reaches maturity.
C)It occurs in two sequential stages in all cells: mitosis and meiosis.
D)It is the process by which fertilization occurs.

Question 16

A duplicated chromosome consists of ________ sister chromatid(s).

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6

Question 17

What are the stages of interphase?

A)G0,G1,and G2
B)S1,S2,and G0
C)G0,G1,and S
D)S,G1,and G2

Question 18

The goal of meiosis is to

A)create genetically identical offspring.
B)protect cells from getting cancer.
C)produce eggs and sperm.
D)regulate progression through the cell cycle.

Question 19

The circle near the center of this structure represents a

A)chromatid.
B)centromere.
C)centriole.
D)homologous chromosome.

Question 20

The process of mitosis is thought to have evolved from binary fission.What similarities exist between these processes?

A)The DNA being separated is attached to a membrane during both processes.
B)Both processes involve the separation of more than one piece of DNA.
C)Both processes include DNA segregation.
D)Both process occur in bacterial cells.

Question 21

Which two processes work in conjunction to create genetic diversity and maintain chromosome number?

A)mitosis and meiosis
B)meiosis and independent assortment
C)binary fission and mitosis
D)fertilization and meiosis

Question 22

Which of the following cell types is produced by meiosis?

A)skin cells
B)muscle cells
C)pancreatic cells
D)sperm cells

Question 23

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain haploid cells?

A)a sirloin steak
B)an apple
C)a stalk of celery
D)an egg

Question 24

All of the following contribute to genetic uniqueness EXCEPT

A)binary fission.
B)independent assortment.
C)crossing over.
D)random fertilization.

Question 25

Cancers are groups of cells that divide rapidly and uncontrollably.Thus,cancer cells

A)are always in the G0 phase.
B)never enter the cell cycle.
C)have a relatively short G1 phase.
D)are stuck at the metaphase plate.

Question 26

Homologous chromosomes

A)are only found in bacterial cells.
B)are only in the cell during S phase.
C)consist of a maternal and paternal copy of each chromosome.
D)consist of six sister chromatids that are held together at the centrosome.

Question 27

If a plant has a total of 18 chromosomes,how many chromosomes would be present in each of its gametes?

A)36
B)18
C)9
D)6

Question 28

Chromosomes are lined up at the middle of the cell during the ________ portion of cell division.

A)metaphase
B)anaphase
C)interphase
D)telophase

Question 29

When examining the rapidly dividing cells of a fish embryo,you notice a cell that seems to contain two nuclei.The middle of the cell is pinched inward.This cell must be in ________ of mitosis.

A)prophase
B)telophase
C)metaphase
D)anaphase

Question 30

Gametes are produced by meiosis rather than mitosis because

A)mitosis would produce too many sister cells.
B)meiosis reduces the chromosome number so that zygotes produced will have one full genome.
C)meiosis doubles the chromosome number so that each gamete has twice the usual number of genes.
D)meiosis ensures that the gametes are identical to the cell that produced them.

Question 31

When appropriately prompted,diploid individuals of Ulva prolifera form spores that germinate to become haploid individuals.How might diploid individuals be created to complete the life cycle?

A)Haploid individuals meiotically produce egg and sperm cells,which subsequently fuse.
B)Some haploid individuals experience mitosis without cytokinesis followed by nuclear fusion.
C)Some individuals differentiate to become haploid gametes and then fuse to produce a diploid zygote.
D)Haploid individuals experience two sequential S phases in their cell cycle to reestablish the diploid state.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences a cell's progression through the cell cycle?

A)gametes
B)cell cycle regulatory molecules
C)hormones
D)growth factors

Question 33

Which of the following is true of the chromosomes in a homologous pair?

A)They both came from the organism's mother.
B)They both came from the organism's father.
C)They do not join together during meiosis.
D)They carry the same genes.

Question 34

An actively dividing cell has six chromosomes.How many sister chromatids are present within this cell at the end of G₂ phase?

A)0
B)3
C)6
D)12

Question 35

Cells that demonstrate anchorage independence

A)exist in G0.
B)are primed to become metastatic.
C)closely monitor their progression through the cell cycle.
D)are benign tumors that are of little concern.

Question 36

The successful union of one male and one female gamete forms a new single cell known as a

A)chromatid.
B)spindle.
C)zygote.
D)gametocyte.

Question 37

The possible combinations of alleles in gametes ________ due to independent assortment and crossing over.

A)increases
B)decreases
C)stays the same
D)increases or decreases depending on the cell type

Question 38

Which of the following best exemplifies homologous chromosomes?

A)a pair of sister chromatids attached at the centromere
B)unpackaged DNA
C)a tetrad
D)the mitotic spindle

Question 39

Which of the following accurately describes crossing over?

A)Sister chromatids of maternal chromosome 1 exchange segments of genetic information with one another.
B)Maternal chromosome 3 exchanges segments of DNA with paternal chromosome 21.
C)Sister chromatids of paternal chromosome 1 exchange segments of genetic information with one another.
D)Paternal chromosome 7 exchanges segments of DNA with maternal chromosome 7.

Question 40

Which of the following would promote a cell to move through the G₂ checkpoint?

A)the cell lacks necessary nutrients
B)the genetic information has been duplicated
C)the cell is too small in size
D)a chromosome has been damaged

Question 41

What is the significance of crossing over?

A)Two copies of the same chromosome are allowed to become part of the same gamete.
B)The resulting gametes will have different gene combinations than their parent cells' gene combinations.
C)The bivalent chromosomes are able to exchange genetic material with other pairs of chromosomes.
D)The gametes that are produced will have twice as many chromosomes as the parent cells had.

Question 42

Sister chromatids are held together at a constriction point called a ________.

Question 43

A scientist wishing to generate cancerous cells in vitro could subject the cells to which of the following procedures?

A)immerse the cells in water for extended periods of time
B)starve the cells of nutrients
C)expose cells to chemicals that disrupt mitosis
D)overfeed the cells by frequently feeding them

Question 44

Match the stage of the cell cycle with the appropriate description.
a.Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
b.Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
c.Phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material.
d.Resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle.
e.Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
G₁ phase

Question 45

Cells spend the bulk of their time in the ________ phase of the cell cycle.

Question 46

Consider mitosis,meiosis,and binary fission.Which one of these three processes is the simplest for a cell to complete? Explain.

Question 47

Which of the following is known to result from the disruption of mitosis and meiosis?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)prostate cancer
C)autism
D)heart disease

Question 48

Match the stage of the cell cycle with the appropriate description.
a.Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
b.Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
c.Phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material.
d.Resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle.
e.Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
G₂ phase

Question 49

What is the purpose of having cell cycle checkpoints? What are the consequences of not having them?

Question 50

Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction that mainly occurs in ________ cells.

Question 51

The goal of ________ is to increase genetic diversity by creating a new diploid individual from haploid cells.

Question 52

A cell has completed S phase and is preparing to divide via mitosis.How is the genetic material arranged in G₂ phase?

Question 53

A cell containing 56 chromosomes is undergoing meiosis.Explain how chromosome number changes as the cells proceed through meiosis.

Question 54

In the space provided below,diagram the major events of the cell cycle.Describe the processes that occur during each of these major stages.

Question 55

Which processes associated with meiosis ensure genetic diversity in offspring? Name two processes that promote variation and explain how they operate.

Question 56

Chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelopes form during the ________ portion of mitosis.

Question 57

Model organisms (like mice)used in the study of genetic disease

A)are selected strictly for ethical reasons.
B)cannot be trusted since they are very different from human cells.
C)should either be mice or bacteria.
D)may accurately reflect how diseases like cancer occur in humans.

Question 58

In genetic engineering,molecular biologists often combine segments of DNA from two separate organisms.This is an example of genetic recombination that occurs in a laboratory setting.Which of the following is a form of genetic recombination that occurs naturally within cells?

A)mitosis
B)independent assortment
C)crossing over
D)asexual reproduction

Question 59

In order to increase their supply of nutrients,tumors undergo ________,the formation of new blood vessels.

Question 60

Match the stage of the cell cycle with the appropriate description.
a.Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
b.Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
c.Phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material.
d.Resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle.
e.Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
G₀ phase

Question 61

Match the stage of the cell cycle with the appropriate description.
a.Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
b.Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
c.Phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material.
d.Resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle.
e.Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
M phase

Question 62

Match the stage of the cell cycle with the appropriate description.
a.Duplicated chromosomes are separated during this phase.
b.Cells prepare to divide and check that the proper steps have occurred for division.
c.Phase in which cells duplicate the genetic material.
d.Resting stage assumed by cells that exit the cell cycle.
e.Two new daughter cells grow in preparation for division.
S phase