Deck 12: Motivating Employees

Question 1

Job enlargement is a job design that incorporates achievement,recognition,and other high-level motivators into the work.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Employee motivation affects productivity,and part of a manager's job is to channel motivation toward the accomplishment of organizational goals.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Mangers who motivate employees by tapping into their self-doubts are using an intrinsic negative approach.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

One weakness of the use of punishment in organizations is that it fails to indicate the correct behavior.

Question 5

According to expectancy theory,for an employee to be highly motivated,E-P expectancy and valence must be maximized.

Question 6

Behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated,and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated,as stated in the law of effect.

Question 7

Skill variety,task identity,and task significance tend to influence the employee's psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

Question 8

External and relatedness are the first two groups of needs in Aldefer's ERG theory.

Question 9

The implication of the two-factor theory for managers is clear.Providing hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction but will not motivate workers to high achievement levels.

Question 10

Two ways to classify rewards are extrinsic and monetary.

Question 11

Goal acceptance,in goal-setting theory,means that employees have to "buy into" the goals and be committed to them.

Question 12

The arousal,direction,and persistence of behavior refers to motivation.

Question 13

The job characteristic of autonomy influences the worker's experiencing meaningfulness of work.

Question 14

Job rotation systematically moves employees from one job to another,thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.

Question 15

Physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs,which are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat,air,and base salary to ensure survival.

Question 16

Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line.

Question 17

Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions,contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals,and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Question 18

The group of theories that explain how employees meet their needs and determine their success are called process theories.

Question 19

Gain sharing rewards employees with part ownership of the organization based on achieving performance goals.

Question 20

Extrinsic reward refers to the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 21

At Rightway Industries,new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the factory,observing other workers and watching them get rewarded for doing their jobs well.This is an example of:

A)vicarious learning.
B)self-efficacy.
C)self-reinforcement.
D)delegation.
E)experiential learning.

Question 22

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce,but it only worked for some of her employees.Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?

A)Some of her employees are lazy.
B)Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.
C)Some of her employees have a low need for power.
D)All of her employees have high growth-needs.
E)Some of her employees have low affiliation needs.

Question 23

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

A)Avoidance learning
B)Punishment
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Extinction
E)Neutral learning

Question 24

One of your fellow students is continually late to class.The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade.Based on the above,the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

A)Negative reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Avoidance learning
E)Rewards enhancement

Question 25

Abbi works at Railroad Ties.Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low.Abbi agrees,but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees.Which of the following is low for Abbi?

A)E -> P expectancy
B)O -> P expectancy
C)Valence
D)Motivators
E)O -> E indicators

Question 26

The _____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance.

A)P -> O expectancy
B)E -> P expectancy
C)O -> V expectancy
D)A -> Z expectancy
E)V -> P expectancy

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a common method for reducing a perceived inequity?

A)Change inputs
B)Change outcomes
C)Distorts perception
D)Leave the job
E)Change equity

Question 28

Which of the following is the arousal,direction,and persistence of behavior?

A)Commitment
B)Motivation
C)Satisfaction
D)Rewarding behavior
E)Behavior modification

Question 29

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization.According to Maslow,Nelson is motivated by which category of needs?

A)Physiological
B)Safety
C)Belongingness
D)Esteem
E)Self-actualization

Question 30

According to Herzberg,_____ is an example of a hygiene factor.

A)achievement
B)recognition
C)pay
D)responsibility
E)opportunity for growth

Question 31

The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with:

A)employee growth-need strength.
B)experienced meaningfulness of work.
C)experienced responsibility.
D)knowledge of actual results.
E)demotivation.

Question 32

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

A)Process
B)Reinforcement
C)Content
D)Contingency
E)Situational

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

A)Safety needs
B)Compensation needs
C)Physiological needs
D)Esteem needs
E)Self-actualization needs

Question 34

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

A)Two-factor theory
B)Need hierarchy theory
C)Reinforcement theory
D)ERG theory
E)Equity theory

Question 35

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people.Alderfer would say he is motivated by:

A)growth needs.
B)existence needs.
C)relatedness needs.
D)self-actualization needs.
E)physiological needs.

Question 36

Behavioral science research has shown that people typically respond more strongly to a potential gain,such as a financial reward,than to a potential loss,such as a financial penalty.

Question 37

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher,not because of the pay or benefits,but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders.Sally is motivated by:

A)power factors.
B)leadership factors.
C)hygiene factors.
D)extrinsic rewards.
E)intrinsic rewards.

Question 38

A high need for _____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy,according to McClelland.

A)power
B)achievement
C)affiliation
D)success
E)expertise

Question 39

Samuel,a sales associate at an electronics store,learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store.He justifies his higher salary to the idea that he must be a top sales associate,generating more revenue than anyone else.This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity?

A)Working harder, not smarter
B)Changing outcomes
C)Changing work effort
D)Changing perceptions
E)Leaving the job

Question 40

Which term,in goal-setting theory,refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

A)Goal specificity
B)Goal difficulty
C)Goal acceptance
D)Feedback
E)Goal motivation

Question 41

The idea that people are strongly motivated by a potential loss,such as a financial penalty,is known as _____.

Question 42

_____ is the value of outcomes,or attraction for outcomes,for the individual.

Question 43

The assumption that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated is the basis for the _____.

Question 44

_____ is defined as the altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity.

Question 45

The _____ is the idea that the single most important factor that can boost motivation during a workday is making progress toward meaningful goals.

Question 46

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as:

A)need for power.
B)need for achievement.
C)empowerment.
D)passing the buck.
E)need of affiliation.

Question 47

Factors that involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers,such as working conditions or pay,are known as _____.

Question 48

A state of _____ exists whenever the ratio of one person's outcomes to inputs equals the ratio of another's outcomes to inputs.

Question 49

_____ are the most basic human physical needs,including food,water,and oxygen.

Question 50

_____ theories explain how workers select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.

Question 51

_____ rewards are given by another person,typically a manager,and include promotions and pay increases.

Question 52

_____ is the degree to which the worker has freedom,discretion,and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks.

Question 53

_____ is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.

Question 54

_____ is a motivational compensation program that allows workers to set their own hours.

Question 55

Carla's subordinates view her as a great manager.Not only does she get the job done,but she organizes the workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness,connection,and growth.This is an example of employee:

A)pay-for-performance.
B)delegation.
C)empathy.
D)apathy.
E)engagement.

Question 56

_____ theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Question 57

List the three needs proposed by Clayton Alderfer.

Question 58

_____ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

Question 59

The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need is referred to as a(n)_____.

Question 60

_____ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior.

Question 61

List the four types of reinforcement.

Question 62

Explain employee growth-need strength and its relationship to the job characteristics model.

Question 63

In David McClelland's acquired needs theory,what are the three acquired needs most commonly discussed and which is(are)not dependent on relationships with other people?

Question 64

List the five core job dimensions found in the job characteristics model.

Question 65

Compare the five groups of needs in Maslow's theory with the three groups of needs in Alderfer's ERG theory.