Deck 13: Contemporary Views of Leadership in Organizations

Question 1

Carlos is a leader who has led his company by closely evaluating performance. Carlos can be best described as a(n)

A)charismatic leader.
B)transactional leader.
C)transformational leader.
D)industrial/organizational leader.
E)strategic leader.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

All of the following describe transformational leaders EXCEPT:

A)recognizes need for change.
B)creates a vision to guide change.
C)has tremendous influence.
D)manages routine work.
E)executes change.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Studies have generally found that compared to out-group members, in-group members

A)complain more because they have access to the leader.
B)tend to have higher levels of performance and satisfaction.
C)are responsible for nearly all new product developments.
D)make more ethical decisions.
E)are absent more often, but get more work done when they attend.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How has path-goal theory been refined over the years?

A)The basis of the theory was changed from expectancy theory to equity theory.
B)The theory was revised as a decision-making theory.
C)Additional forms of leader behavior were included.
D)The theory was combined with goal-setting theory.
E)A software version of the model was made available to managers.

Question 5

Which of the following traits forms the basis of Robert House's theory of leadership?

A)Job-centered behavior
B)Employee-centered behavior
C)Initiating structure
D)Consideration
E)Charisma

Question 6

According to the leader-member exchange model (LMX), all of the following describe out-group members EXCEPT:

A)they receive weaker support from the leader.
B)they receive fewer rewards.
C)they have fewer friends at work.
D)they are not "in the loop" as information is shared.
E)they are assigned to mundane tasks.

Question 7

All of the following describe transactional leaders EXCEPT:

A)assigns work.
B)executes change.
C)evaluates performance.
D)makes decisions.
E)oversees routine work.

Question 8

Abbey has been known to initiate change in her company by enhancing the culture of the work environment. Abbey is using

A)charismatic leadership.
B)transactional leadership.
C)transformational leadership.
D)strategic leadership.
E)path-goal leadership.

Question 9

Charismatic leaders, according to Robert House, possess all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A)responsibility but typically little true authority.
B)a tendency to express confidence in followers.
C)self-confidence.
D)a tendency to communicate high expectations.
E)a strong need to influence people.

Question 10

Jermaine is a manager whose subordinates have low to moderate readiness. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Jermaine should use which of the following styles?

A)Telling
B)Selling
C)Participating
D)Delegating
E)Situational

Question 11

Charismatic leadership may create which of the following ethical concerns?

A)New employees are shunned until they demonstrate allegiance to the leader.
B)Decision making is slowed because of a constant focus on the future.
C)Greater concern is given to employees than to customers.
D)Profit levels rise to immoral levels.
E)Followers engage in inappropriate behaviors because of blind faith in the leader.

Question 12

All of the following, according to the leader-member exchange model (LMX), describe in-group members EXCEPT:

A)they receive special duties.
B)they receive special privileges.
C)they are privy to sensitive information.
D)they have more friends at work.
E)they receive more rewards.

Question 13

Charismatic leaders are characterized by three fundamental attributes: envisioning, energizing, and

A)elating.
B)enabling.
C)embarking.
D)emerging.
E)enduring.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT describe a behavior of charismatic leaders?

A)Envision future trends and patterns
B)Set high expectations for themselves and for others
C)Model behaviors consistent with meeting expectations
D)Initiate structured tasks and make assignments
E)Demonstrating personal excitement

Question 15

The leader-member exchange model (LMX)

A)is based on subordinate contributions and leader inducements.
B)clarifies the role of communication in the leadership process.
C)stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates.
D)confirms the dual-structure of task and relationship behaviors by leaders.
E)illustrates the situational nature of leadership, particularly in service firms.

Question 16

When a charismatic leader steps down, which of the following challenges will his or her successor likely face?

A)Raising profit levels from an all-time low
B)Recruiting workers who left under the prior leader
C)Measuring up to the legacy of the prior leader
D)Setting a vision for the organization
E)Eliminating the "loose" management culture left behind

Question 17

Tiffany is a manager whose subordinates have moderate-to-high readiness. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Tiffany should use which of the following styles?

A)Telling
B)Selling
C)Participating
D)Delegating
E)Situational

Question 18

Each superior-subordinate pair, in the leader-member exchange model (LMX), is referred to as a(n)

A)matched set.
B)out-group.
C)linking mechanism.
D)vertical dyad.
E)in-group.

Question 19

How does a supervisor initiate in-group or out-group relationships with subordinates?

A)The decision may be based on personal compatibility and subordinate competence.
B)Assignment into a group is based on the results of the supervisor's least-preferred coworker scale.
C)Subordinates are allowed to move freely between the in-group and out-group.
D)Newer employees comprise the in-group until they learn their jobs, at which point they transfer to the out-group.
E)The relationships develop in a random, unpredictable fashion.

Question 20

Which of the following elements has Fiedler added to the LPC theory to describe situational favorableness?

A)Charisma
B)Stress
C)Familiarity
D)Authority
E)Leader-to-leader relations

Question 21

Characteristics of the organization that may substitute for leadership include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)rules and procedures.
B)physical distance between supervisor and employee.
C)rigid reward structure.
D)plans and goals.
E)employee personalities.

Question 22

Leadership attributions hold that

A)our own behavior with regard to that person.
B)the actual capacity of the person to behave like a leader.
C)the ethical culture of the organization.
D)when behaviors are observed in a context associated with leadership, others may attribute varying levels of leadership ability or power to the person displaying those behaviors.
E)the actual capacity of the person to behave like a leader and the ethical culture of the organization.

Question 23

Suppose your department is faced with a severe budget shortfall. One manager steps up and initiates changes that save the department a great deal of money. Which of the following would likely happen based on attributions made about leadership?

A)You will begin to regard that manager as a leader.
B)The manager will subsequently have a greater capacity to lead the department.
C)The ethics of the department would decline.
D)The manager loses her job because of violating the company procedures.
E)Both responses b and c above are correct.

Question 24

Texas Instruments, Halliburton, and Yum! Brands have all developed successful training programs to help managers become better ____.

A)leaders
B)mentors
C)coaches
D)supervisors
E)directors

Question 25

Which concept explores how managers function in a virtual world?

A)Vroom's decision-making tree
B)Charismatic leadership
C)Strategic leadership
D)Transactional leadership
E)Virtual leadership

Question 26

Strategic leadership includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)to lead change.
B)understand the organization.
C)understand the organization's environment.
D)maintain a superior alignment of the organization and the environment.
E)maintain ethical leadership.

Question 27

In the wake of recent corporate scandals, the behaviors of top leaders

A)have lost much of their impact.
B)are now matters of public record.
C)are being scrutinized more closely than ever.
D)have become synonymous with greed.
E)have become almost forgotten history.

Question 28

Which of the following may help explain the pattern of differences between men and women leaders?

A)Men tend to be more supportive.
B)Women tend to be more controlling.
C)Men tend to be more task focused.
D)Women tend to rely on their own judgment.
E)Women tend to have stronger interpersonal skills.

Question 29

Which of the following is an accurate description of the leadership differences between men and women?

A)Male leaders are more controlling.
B)Male leaders are more task focused.
C)Female leaders are more democratic in making decisions.
D)Female leaders are more nurturing.
E)There are virtually no differences between male and female leaders.

Question 30

Which of the following is the best description of the new role of leaders in organizations?

A)Decision-maker
B)Monitor
C)Supervisor
D)Director
E)Coach

Question 31

Leadership neutralizers include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)group factors.
B)rules.
C)the job itself.
D)organizational factors.
E)procedures.

Question 32

Task characteristics that may substitute for leader behavior include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)frequent feedback.
B)intrinsic satisfaction.
C)routine.
D)a high degree of structure.
E)cohesiveness.

Question 33

If a Japanese firm were to send an executive to head up the firm's operations in the United States, the executive would likely need to

A)focus more on collective benefits than individual benefits.
B)train U.S. employees to behave more like Japanese employees.
C)replace male senior managers with females.
D)develop a new theory of cross-cultural leadership.
E)change his or her leadership style.

Question 34

Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)experience.
B)training.
C)norms.
D)professionalism.
E)motivation.

Question 35

The premise of the leadership substitutes' perspective is:

A)leader behaviors may be irrelevant in some situations.
B)anyone can be a leader with proper training.
C)effective leaders replace the need for rigid rules and policies.
D)non-leaders can fill in for leaders, but only temporarily.
E)performing the leadership role requires replacing management activities with leadership activities.

Question 36

A leader who achieves a superior alignment between the organization and the environment is known as a(n)

A)virtual leader.
B)externalized leader.
C)charismatic leader.
D)initiating structure leader.
E)strategic leader.

Question 37

Why may some leadership theories be less applicable in today's diverse workforce?

A)Most past leadership research involved only white males.
B)Past leadership theories have been shown to lead to discrimination.
C)Leaders today work in a less educated workforce.
D)Current civil rights laws require the development of modern theories and practices.
E)Researchers have moved away from studying leaders and are now studying followers.

Question 38

Individual task and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance are called

A)leadership transformations.
B)leadership attributions.
C)strategic leadership.
D)leadership substitutes.
E)charisma.

Question 39

As a coach, the organizational leader would do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)help select team members.
B)provide some general direction.
C)gain an understanding of the values of their young workers.
D)help train and develop team members.
E)help the team get information and other resources it may need.

Question 40

Amanda often helps new employees learn the ropes and prepare to advance within the organization. Amanda is filling which role?

A)Monitor
B)Instructor
C)Intrapreneur
D)Mentor
E)Accelerator

Question 41

_____ is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance.

A)Charisma
B)Virtual leadership
C)Self-confidence
D)Transactional leadership
E)Telling style

Question 42

According to the leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership, the in-group of subordinates may receive more responsibility and autonomy.

Question 43

When subordinate readiness is low, in the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, the leader should use a "Delegating" style.

Question 44

The leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership stresses the importance of the relationships between supervisors and subordinates.

Question 45

Project GLOBE identified all of these leader behaviors that can be observed and assessed across a variety of cultures EXCEPT:

A)Charismatic
B)Team oriented
C)Participative
D)Humane-oriented
E)Transactional

Question 46

By definition, charismatic leaders are always ethical leaders in large organizations.

Question 47

A transactional leader recognizes the need for change, creates a vision to guide that change, and executes the change effectively.

Question 48

Charisma is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance.

Question 49

The out-group of subordinates, according to the leader-member exchange model (LMX) of leadership, receives special privileges.

Question 50

Leadership attribution theory holds that leadership behaviors stay constant in varying workplace contexts.

Question 51

Unfortunately, over the years, the path-goal theory of leadership has been abandoned in favor of more transactional approaches to leadership.

Question 52

According to your text, Herb Kelleher, Mary Kay Ash, and Steve Jobs are examples of transactional leaders.

Question 53

Charismatic leaders enable others by supporting them, empathizing with them, and expressing confidence in them.

Question 54

Individual experience, training, motivation, and professional orientation are among the group characteristics that may substitute for leadership.

Question 55

Karin, a manager at ABC Services, has subordinates who are very high on readiness. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Karin should use which of the following styles?

A)Telling
B)Selling
C)Participating
D)Delegating
E)Situational

Question 56

____ leadership is essentially the same as management.

A)Charismatic
B)Transactional
C)Transformational
D)Strategic
E)Path-goal

Question 57

According to Project GLOBE, the ability to inspire, to motivate, and to promote high performance relate to which of these leader behaviors?

A)Charismatic
B)Team oriented
C)Participative
D)Humane-oriented
E)Self-protective

Question 58

Taking over a leadership role from a prior charismatic leader can be extremely challenging.

Question 59

The path-goal theory has undergone major refinements over the years.

Question 60

Transformational leadership focuses heavily on keeping the status quo.

Question 61

In the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, when leaders are faced with low subordinate readiness, they should adopt a(n) ______ style.

Question 62

In the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, when leaders are faced with highly ready followers, they should adopt a(n) _______ style.

Question 63

Faith in top leaders has been shaken due to recent corporate scandals.

Question 64

According to the leader-member exchange model, subordinates in the ______ are likely to be privy to sensitive information.

Question 65

Leadership substitutes are individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leader's ability to affect subordinates' satisfaction and performance.

Question 66

Female leaders are always more nurturing or supportive than are male leaders.

Question 67

Each subordinate-supervisor pair in the leader-member exchange model is referred to as a(n) _______.

Question 68

The ______ model of leadership stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates.

Question 69

Male leaders are systematically more harsh, controlling, or task focused than are female leaders.

Question 70

Many leaders today are being asked to change how they manage people - to become coaches.

Question 71

Fiedler recently added the concept of ______ as a major element of situational favorableness in the LPC theory.

Question 72

Mentors help less-experienced people learn the ropes and better prepare to advance within the organization.

Question 73

According to the leader-member exchange model, subordinates in the ______ are likely to have lower performance and satisfaction.

Question 74

In the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, when leaders are faced with moderate-to-high follower readiness, they should adopt a(n) ______ style.

Question 75

_______ leaders assign work, evaluate performance, and make decisions.

Question 76

Perhaps the best description of the new role of leaders is to become a transactional leader instead of a coach.

Question 77

_______ leadership is most similar to management.

Question 78

An extension of the transactional leadership role is strategic leadership.

Question 79

Most leadership research has been conducted on samples or case studies involving members of minority groups.

Question 80

Research has not provided leaders with a thorough and definitive guide for functioning in the virtual world.