Deck 7: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Question 1

What role did the middle classes play in the process of industrialization? How did the rise of industrialization influence the nature of social classes?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

James Hargreaves' spinning jenny

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

How did technological advances lead to the advent of the factory system of manufacturing? Include some of the more important technological improvements in your answer, and state what changes they enabled.

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? What forces drove it? Explain.

Question 5

agricultural revolution

Question 6

What point were the British trying to make with the Great Exhibition of 1851?

Question 7

How did the process of industrialization on the continent differ from the process of industrialization in Britain?

Question 8

canals

Question 9

coal

Question 10

What were the goals of the Chartists? How successful were they in achieving these goals?

Question 11

What were working conditions like for factory workers in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 12

How did railroads accelerate the process of industrialization? Would industrialization have continued at a rapid pace if railroads developed more slowly?

Question 13

cottage industry

Question 14

Industrial Revolution

Question 15

wrought iron

Question 16

pig iron

Question 17

What factors contributed to the industrialization of the United States in the nineteenth century?

Question 18

How did industrialization affect social life, city life, family life, and standards of living?

Question 19

cotton industry

Question 20

hand-loom weavers

Question 21

the factory

Question 22

Richard Trevithick

Question 23

interchangeable parts

Question 24

India's cotton cloth production

Question 25

Ireland and the potato

Question 26

charcoal

Question 27

suburbs

Question 28

preindustrial workers

Question 29

Great Exhibition of 1851

Question 30

the Crystal Palace

Question 31

Henry Cort

Question 32

George Stephenson's Rocket

Question 33

puddling

Question 34

Edmund Cartwright

Question 35

industrial factory

Question 36

the Great Famine

Question 37

steamboats

Question 38

factory regulations

Question 39

railroads

Question 40

James Watt and the steam engine

Question 41

the People's Charter

Question 42

domestic servants

Question 43

capital

Question 44

Britain's Poor Law Commission

Question 45

bourgeoisie

Question 46

the workhouse

Question 47

the Poor Law of 1834

Question 48

Samuel Smiles and Self-Help

Question 49

Edwin Chadwick

Question 50

the London Working Men's Association

Question 51

the Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Question 52

new industrial entrepreneurs

Question 53

Coal Mines Act of 1842

Question 54

Public Health Act

Question 55

Ten Hours Act of 1847

Question 56

working class

Question 57

child labor

Question 58

Luddites

Question 59

trade unions

Question 60

factory acts

Question 61

What allowed steam engines to be located away from rivers?

A)They were small and hence portable.
B)They could access water via irrigation channels.
C)They ran on coal.
D)They ran on oil.
E)They ran on electricity.

Question 62

British exports ____ between 1660 and 1760.

A)fell by 80 percent
B)increased ten-fold
C)fell by 50 percent
D)quadrupled
E)doubled

Question 63

What was true of Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century?

A)It could not keep up with French textile production.
B)It was inspired by the textile industry found in the United States.
C)It declined due to the lack of technical innovation.
D)It immediately declined with the success of the Industrial Revolution.
E)It was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.

Question 64

In the early eighteenth century, new methods of smelting ____ were devised using coke that was made by slowly burning coal.

A)bronze
B)silver
C)tin
D)copper
E)iron

Question 65

The ____ revolution helped produce the first Industrial Revolution in Britain.

A)diplomatic
B)American
C)French
D)agricultural
E)urban

Question 66

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A)France
B)Belgium
C)Prussia
D)the United States
E)Great Britain

Question 67

By 1850, trains could reach speeds of ____ miles per hour.

A)50
B)20
C)125
D)80
E)170

Question 68

Factory workers had to ____ if their employers' enterprises were to be profitable.

A)live at the factory
B)eat on the job
C)forego wages
D)work well past the age of seventy
E)do given tasks quickly, efficiently, and repeatedly

Question 69

For which invention, vital to the Industrial Revolution, is James Watt known?

A)The spinning jenny
B)The mule-powered Newcomen engine
C)A rotary steam engine that could drive factory machines
D)The first steam-powered locomotive
E)The power loom

Question 70

In the new factory system, workers - many of whom were formerly agricultural laborers - had to adjust to

A)urban environments.
B)taking orders from a boss.
C)standing on their feet all day.
D)working specific, regular hours.
E)being cooped up indoors.

Question 71

Who invented the spinning jenny?

A)Richard Hargreaves
B)James Watts
C)Benjamin Franklin
D)Richard Arkwright
E)Matthew Boulton

Question 72

In which business segment did Britain's first step toward the Industrial Revolution occur?

A)Cotton textile industry
B)Wool textile industry
C)Iron industry
D)Railroad industry
E)Mining industry

Question 73

Industrialization began in earnest on the European continent after

A)1870.
B)1735.
C)1750.
D)1850.
E)1815.

Question 74

As Britain produced cotton quickly and cheaply with the aid of steam engines, which country could no longer compete?

A)India
B)America
C)France
D)Algeria
E)Russia

Question 75

Upon which resource was Great Britain dependent for the success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution?

A)Timber
B)Coal
C)Water power
D)Electricity
E)Copper

Question 76

By the late eighteenth century, Britain had

A)all but fully industrialized.
B)a declining population.
C)a ready supply of capital for investment in new enterprises.
D)a pressing desire to catch up to and surpass Prussia in the race to industrialize.
E)a fully democratic government in which all adult citizens could vote.

Question 77

How did the rise of the industrial factory system deeply affect the lives and status of workers?

A)They were often paid in kind.
B)They became wage laborers.
C)They were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D)They got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E)They became serfs, legally tied to factories.

Question 78

What did Richard Trevithick pioneer in 1804?

A)An oil-fired locomotive
B)The steering wheel for trains
C)The first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line
D)The first electric-powered locomotive for military use
E)The motion-picture camera

Question 79

The Great Exhibition of 1851 showcased

A)the solidarity of the working classes.
B)France's sophistication and cultural leadership.
C)Britain's wealth.
D)the rapid industrialization of the United States.
E)the ideas of social reformers.

Question 80

What was the name of the iron smelting process developed by Englishman Henry Cort?

A)Puddling
B)Cottling
C)Open hearth
D)Skimming
E)Corking