Deck 8: Reaction Revolution and Romanticism 1815-1850

Question 1

What did the Congress of Vienna achieve?

A)It gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B)It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C)It failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D)It treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E)It sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Answer 1

It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.

Question 2

Who was the author of Reflections on the Revolution in France and the founder of modern philosophical conservatism?

A)Viscount Castlereigh
B)William Pitt the Younger
C)Horatio Nelson
D)Edmund Burke
E)Robert Owen

Answer 2

Edmund Burke

Question 3

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism and liberalism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Discuss the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy. What caused them? What did they achieve initially? Why did the revolutionary forces fail? What were the long-term achievements of the revolutions?

Question 5

Who formulated the idea of the "principle of legitimacy"?

A)Louis-Philippe
B)Napoleon
C)Klemens von Metternich
D)Talleyrand
E)Edmund Burke

Question 6

Who was known as "the Liberator" in Latin America?

A)José de San Martín
B)Simón Bolívar
C)Guillermo Pelgrón
D)Simón Carreño
E)George Washington

Question 7

How did economic factors shape the development of Latin America after the revolutions of the early nineteenth century?

Question 8

Compare and contrast the core of ideas of the Enlightenment and the Romantic movement.

Question 9

Which European state dominated the Latin American economy even after many countries gained their independence?

A)Spain
B)Portugal
C)France
D)Germany
E)Great Britain

Question 10

What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1830?

Question 11

What made nationalism a radical political ideology in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 12

Which of these groups supported the political philosophy of conservatism?

A)The urban middle classes
B)Landless farmers
C)The urban poor
D)Radical Protestants
E)Hereditary monarchies

Question 13

What did European monarchs want to achieve after the defeat of Napoleon?

A)Restore stability and return to an old order.
B)Maintain power while also implementing Napoleon's Civil Order.
C)Share power with the people.
D)Divide France up among them.
E)Make alliances with one another to prevent the rise of another Napoleon.

Question 14

Most conservatives believed that

A)the French Revolution was a good thing.
B)militarism was the source of all evil.
C)nationalism was a force for good.
D)people should be obedient to political authority.
E)organized religion was unimportant.

Question 15

How did Romanticism shape European art, music, and literature in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 16

What ideas and beliefs united the early socialists?

Question 17

Great Britain, Russia, France, Prussia and __________ met periodically in conferences known as the Concert of Europe to discuss common interests.

A)Austria
B)Spain
C)Italy
D)Greece
E)Belgium

Question 18

What vision of postwar Europe informed the proceedings of the Congress of Vienna? How did the Concert of Europe attempt to secure those goals? Were these two efforts successful?

Question 19

How did Britain avoid the political turmoil that rocked the Continent in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 20

What were the chief ideas of nationalism and utopian socialism? How did they seek to change society?

Question 21

Which statement best describes the state of the Italian peninsula following the Congress of Vienna?

A)It was entirely unified as a single country.
B)It remained divided into several states subject to the domination of other European powers.
C)It had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.
D)It had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E)It sunk into complete anarchy and chaos.

Question 22

What was the Concert of Europe?

A)An economic alliance between European powers
B)An organization to develop music within the European states
C)An alliance to ensure the status quo achieved with the Congress of Vienna
D)An attempt to dissolve France into numerous provinces
E)An organizational body seeking to limit popular access to political ideas

Question 23

Political liberals were united by their support for

A)universal suffrage.
B)economic socialism.
C)civil liberties.
D)women's rights.
E)absolute monarchy.

Question 24

France's Charles X was allied with the

A)peasants.
B)Republicans.
C)Jacobins
D)middle classes.
E)ultraroyalists.

Question 25

Which revolt demonstrated the double-edged sword quality of the "principle of intervention"?

A)The Greek Revolt
B)Independence movements in Latin America
C)The July Revolution of 1830 in France
D)The Corn Law revolt of 1815
E)The revolt against Nicholas' police state

Question 26

The Reform Act of 1832

A)was pushed through by the landed aristocracy.
B)primarily benefited the working poor.
C)made British throne an elected position.
D)abolished the House of Lords.
E)increased the number of people eligible to vote.

Question 27

In 1815 Great Britain was governed by

A)an absolute monarch.
B)the middle classes.
C)the people as a whole.
D)the aristocratic landowning classes.
E)wealthy merchants.

Question 28

What did John Stuart Mill's On the Subjection of Women state?

A)Women should be kept in the home to improve men's chances of finding work.
B)Men and women did not possess different natures.
C)Parliament should admit women members immediately.
D)Female convicts should be shipped out to colonize Australia.
E)God and nature had ordained the permanent inferiority of women.

Question 29

In which of these 1830 revolutions did liberalism play the primary role?

A)The revolution in Spain
B)The revolution in Belgium
C)The revolution in France
D)The revolution in Poland
E)The revolution in Italy

Question 30

Revolts in Latin America were facilitated by

A)massive slave revolts across South and Central America.
B)the expansionist policies of the United States.
C)Austrian policy in the Americas.
D)British defeat in the Napoleonic Wars.
E)the fall of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain.

Question 31

What was the primary driving force in the revolutions of Belgium, Poland, and Italy in 1830?

A)Nationalism
B)Religion
C)Racism
D)Socialism
E)Romanticism

Question 32

What was the name of the principle that argued that a state power had the right to send armies into countries to restore monarchies amid revolutions?

A)The "principle of alliance"
B)The "principle of agreement"
C)The "principle of legitimacy"
D)The "principle of intervention"
E)The "principle of first rights"

Question 33

Which statement best describes the growing movement of nationalism in nineteenth-century Europe?

A)It was resisted by liberals, who felt that all ethnic groups should live together harmoniously.
B)It advocated the formation of one European nation to end economic and military conflicts.
C)It was radical since it encouraged people to shift their political loyalty away from existing states and rulers.
D)It found its best expression in the writings of John Stuart Mill.
E)It declined after the Congress of Vienna.

Question 34

Why was King Louis-Philippe of France called the "bourgeois monarch"?

A)He did all he could to help the impoverished industrial workers.
B)He was strongly supported by the upper-middle class and instituted constitutional changes that favored them.
C)He allowed for great reforms in the electoral system.
D)He was the son of the former reactionary King Charles X.
E)He did not recognize the value of the upper-middle class base.

Question 35

Who set up a self-contained cooperative community in New Harmony, Indiana?

A)John Stuart Mill
B)Robert Owen
C)Karl Marx
D)Frances Wright
E)Edmund Burke

Question 36

What was the conservative English political party in power until 1830?

A)Tories
B)Republicans
C)Federalists
D)Whigs
E)Democrats

Question 37

Why was Charles X overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution?

A)He got involved in one too many sordid scandals.
B)He issued a series of edicts that restrained the rights of citizens.
C)He was a victim of a vicious smear campaign by opponents.
D)He refused to convert to the Catholic faith.
E)He embezzled money meant to build churches.

Question 38

Which social group was the foremost in embracing liberalism?

A)Factory workers
B)The industrial middle class
C)Radical aristocrats
D)Army officers
E)The landed gentry

Question 39

Who crushed the Polish national uprising of 1830?

A)France
B)Prussia
C)Austria
D)Russia
E)Britain

Question 40

What happened to Russian society after Nicholas I came to power following the death of Alexander I in 1825?

A)It became the most liberal of the European powers.
B)It rapidly industrialized.
C)It became an industrial power after the abolition of serfdom.
D)It was increasingly influenced by ultra-conservative societies, such as the Northern Union.
E)It became a police state, as the czar feared both internal and external revolutionary upheavals.

Question 41

Which two American political parties debated the power of the federal government in the late eighteenth century?

A)Republicans and Democrats
B)Democrats and Whigs
C)Whigs and Tories
D)Federalists and Republicans
E)Republicans and Whigs

Question 42

Romantics emphasized __________, sentiment, and inner feelings in their works.

A)reason
B)emotion
C)tradition
D)logic
E)practicality

Question 43

Who wrote Prometheus Unbound?

A)Percy Bysshe Shelley
B)Lord Byron
C)Mary Wollstonecraft
D)William Wordsworth
E)Edgar Allan Pole

Question 44

Whose presidency opened up a new age of democratic politics?

A)Thomas Jefferson
B)Andrew Jackson
C)James Monroe
D)James Madison
E)Abraham Lincoln

Question 45

Which architectural style were the Romantics attracted to?

A)Gothic
B)Baroque
C)Neo-classical
D)Post-Modernist
E)Renaissance

Question 46

Which Romantic artist served as a bridge between Classicism and Romanticism?

A)Poe
B)Beethoven
C)Delacroix
D)Friedrich
E)Bach

Question 47

By the end of Andrew Jackson's presidency,

A)the United States had made significant strides towards equal rights for women.
B)fewer than one in twenty Americans could read.
C)the United States was on the brink of civil war.
D)the United States was an industrial power.
E)almost all adult white males could vote.

Question 48

What can the Romantic movement be viewed as?

A)A reaction against the Enlightenment's preoccupation with reason
B)A continuation of Enlightenment ideals and practices
C)An attempt to create a socialist society
D)A movement of lower-class, less literate people
E)A fascination with war and conflict

Question 49

What did the French constitution of 1848 create?

A)The Second Republic with a one-house legislature
B)A liberal state with limited political participation
C)The Third Republic
D)An absolutist monarchy
E)A socialist state

Question 50

What was the ultimate result of the revolution of 1848 in France?

A)The continued rule of Louis-Philippe but with radical reforms
B)New elections to the national Assembly, resulting in the dominance of the radical republicans
C)Europe's first socialist state under the guidance of Blanc's workshops
D)A new French empire under Louis Napoleon
E)The triumph of the Paris Commune

Question 51

Which revolutionary led the movement for Italian unification?

A)Edmund Burke
B)Giuseppe Mazzini
C)Cristina Belgioioso.
D)Nicholas I
E)Louis-Philippe

Question 52

The revolution of 1848 toppled the government of

A)Napoleon III.
B)Louis XIX.
C)Louis-Philippe.
D)Charles X
E)Louis Napoleon.

Question 53

Which artist was one of the most famous French exponents of the Romantic school of painting?

A)Boucher
B)Degas
C)Delacroix
D)Watteau
E)Chardin

Question 54

What was the most important form of literary expression for the Romantics?

A)The essay
B)Poetry
C)The novel
D)The play
E)The monograph

Question 55

What did the Frankfurt Assembly achieve in 1848?

A)It unanimously adopted a Grossdeutsch solution for the Germanies.
B)It succeeded in making Prussia's Frederick William IV president of a united Germany.
C)It failed in its attempt to create a united Germany.
D)It gained the support of Austria.
E)It declared its solidarity with revolutionary France.

Question 56

A severe industrial and agricultural depression helped spark revolution in ______________ in 1848.

A)France
B)Great Britain
C)Italy
D)Poland
E)Belgium

Question 57

Who or what brought an end to the Federalist Party in the United States?

A)Thomas Jefferson
B)A scandal involving Federalists accepting bribes from foreign intriguers
C)The War of 1812, which Federalists had opposed
D)The Lewis and Clark expedition, which Federalists had not wanted to fund
E)The Mexican-American War

Question 58

Which author is associated with Gothic literature?

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson
B)Thomas Carlyle
C)Edgar Allan Poe
D)Herman Melville
E)Henry David Thoreau

Question 59

Mazzini dreamed of ending ___________ domination of Italy.

A)German
B)Austrian
C)French
D)Spanish
E)British

Question 60

The German painter Caspar David Friedrich had a lifelong preoccupation with

A)painting women.
B)industrial machinery.
C)God and nature.
D)logic and rationalism.
E)urban scenes.

Question 61

Alexander Hamilton feared political centralization and its consequences for popular liberties.

Question 62

Many liberals advocated ministerial responsibility as a check on royal power.

Question 63

For the Romantics, the novel ranked above all other literary forms.

Question 64

The split between radical and moderate republicans during the Revolution of 1848 in France was created, in part, by differences over the fate of the national workshops.

Question 65

The Austrian Empire was an ethnically homogenous state.

Question 66

Pantheism is best defined as

A)the worship of one deity.
B)the worship of multiple deities.
C)the unbelief in any deity.
D)the equation of nature with God.
E)the desire to turn away from nature.

Question 67

The July Revolution in France was sparked by the unpopular policies of Louis-Philippe.

Question 68

The Concert of Europe was meant to serve the interests of conservative forces in Europe.

Question 69

Economic liberals favored central planning and state involvement in all aspects of the economy.

Question 70

The Romantics were committed to individualism, an interest in the unique characteristics of each person.

Question 71

In 1821 the Greeks revolted against the Ottoman Turks.