Deck 19: Blood Chemistry and Immunology

Question 1

Prolonged high blood glucose levels can cause all of the following conditions except

A)blindness.
B)Alzheimer's disease.
C)kidney disease.
D)circulatory problems.

Answer 1

Alzheimer's disease.

Question 2

Before meals,it is recommended that the blood glucose level for a diabetic patient fall between _____ mg/dL.

A)60 to 80
B)80 to 120
C)100 to 140
D)100 to 180

Answer 2

80 to 120

Question 3

What type of specimen is required for most blood chemistry tests?

A)Plasma
B)Serum
C)Whole blood
D)Clotted blood

Answer 3

Serum

Question 4

What is the term for a substance that is being identified or measured in a laboratory test?

A)Standard
B)Analyte
C)Calibration
D)Control

Question 5

What is the purpose of SMBG testing?

A)To maintain good blood glucose control
B)To delay or prevent long-term complications of diabetes
C)To test blood glucose when a side effect common to diabetes occurs
D)To make decisions regarding insulin dosage, meal planning, and physical activity
E)All of the above

Question 6

What term is used to describe an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood?

A)Hyperglycemia
B)Glycosuria
C)Hypoglycemia
D)Acidosis

Question 7

What is the term for glucose that is stored in muscle and liver tissue for later use?

A)Glucagon
B)Carbohydrate
C)Glycogen
D)Lipoprotein

Question 8

The use of a standard to detect errors caused by laboratory equipment that is not working properly is known as

A)proficiency testing.
B)calibration.
C)standardization.
D)quality analysis.

Question 9

What should be done if a control does not perform as expected?

A)Do not perform patient testing until the problem is resolved.
B)Perform patient testing as usual.
C)Perform calibration procedures.
D)Record results as invalid.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding a 2-hour postprandial glucose test?

A)Blood specimens are collected at intervals over 3 hours.
B)The patient is required to fast for 2 hours before the test.
C)A blood specimen is collected 2 hours after the patient consumes 100 g of glucose.
D)A blood specimen is collected 2 hours after the patient administers his or her insulin injection.

Question 11

The purpose of quality control is to

A)prevent accidents in the laboratory.
B)protect the medical assistant from bloodborne pathogens.
C)ensure accurate and valid test results.
D)ensure the test results fall within the normal range.
E)do all of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following is a serious side effect of an oral glucose tolerance test?

A)Headache
B)Irrational speech
C)Fainting
D)Profuse perspiration
E)All of the above

Question 13

What hormone is required for the normal use of glucose in the body?

A)Insulin
B)Estrogen
C)Thyroxine
D)Bilirubin

Question 14

All of the following are restrictions that must be followed by the patient during an oral glucose tolerance test except

A)no food consumption.
B)no water consumption.
C)minimize activity.
D)no smoking.

Question 15

According to the American Diabetes Association,what is the normal range for a fasting blood glucose level (in mg/dL)?

A)20 to 80
B)70 to 99
C)100 to 125
D)140 to 160

Question 16

The function of glucose in the body is to

A)maintain healthy epithelial tissue.
B)provide energy for the body.
C)make bones and teeth hard.
D)assist in normal blood clotting.

Question 17

Which of the following instructions should be relayed to the patient regarding a fasting blood glucose test?

A)Consume a low-carbohydrate evening meal.
B)Refrain from smoking for 12 hours before the test.
C)Minimize activity for 24 hours before the test.
D)Do not consume food or fluid (except water) for 12 hours before the test.
E)All of the above are appropriate instructions.

Question 18

Which of the following may cause a control to fail to produce expected results?

A)Outdated testing reagents
B)Error in technique
C)Improper storage of testing components
D)All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is not a function of an oral glucose tolerance test?

A)To assist in the diagnosis of pre-diabetes
B)To assist in the diagnosis of hypoglycemia
C)To assist in the diagnosis of diabetes
D)To monitor insulin dosage

Question 20

What results are produced by a high-level control?

A)Results that fall below the reference range for the test
B)Invalid results
C)Results that fall above the reference range for the test
D)Negative results

Question 21

Which of the following tests is used to detect a blood incompatibility problem with a mother and her unborn child?

A)Rh antigen titer
B)C-reactive protein
C)Rh antibody titer
D)Rubella titer

Question 22

What is the term for a substance that is capable of combining with an antigen?

A)Antibody
B)Antitoxin
C)Vaccine
D)Antigen

Question 23

The hemoglobin A₁c test measures the

A)average amount of glucose in the blood over a 3-month period.
B)amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
C)fasting blood glucose level.
D)amount of glycogen in the body over a 30-day period.

Question 24

Which of the following is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease?

A)LDL cholesterol level of 90 mg/dL
B)HDL cholesterol level of 25 mg/dL
C)Triglyceride level of 140 mg/dL
D)Low blood pressure

Question 25

The primary use of the cholesterol test is to

A)study liver functioning.
B)screen for the presence of coronary artery disease.
C)study thyroid functioning.
D)diagnose a myocardial infarction.

Question 26

Control testing should be performed on a glucose meter during all of the following situations except

A)daily before using the meter for the first time.
B)when a new container of strips is opened.
C)when a new battery is inserted into the meter.
D)if the glucose meter is dropped.

Question 27

All of the following contain cholesterol except

A)fruit juice.
B)whole milk.
C)liver.
D)egg yolk.

Question 28

Patient preparation instructions for a triglyceride test include which of the following?

A)Follow a normal diet for 7 days before the test.
B)Do not consume alcohol for 24 hours before the test.
C)Do not eat or drink (except for water) for 12 hours before the test.
D)Do not consume lipid-lowering medications before the test.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 29

The recommended A₁c level for an individual with diabetes is

A)4% to 6%.
B)less than 6%.
C)less than 7%.
D)greater than 8%.

Question 30

All of the following may result in elevated blood triglyceride levels except

A)obesity.
B)hyperthyroidism.
C)type 2 diabetes.
D)smoking.

Question 31

A total cholesterol reading of 250 is considered

A)high.
B)borderline high.
C)desirable.
D)low.

Question 32

Most of the cholesterol found in the blood comes from

A)dietary cholesterol intake.
B)being manufactured by the liver.
C)saturated fat.
D)cellulite.

Question 33

Cholesterol is transported in the blood as a complex molecule known as a

A)trans fat.
B)glycogen complex.
C)lipid.
D)lipoprotein.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of an antigen?

A)Viruses
B)Bacterial toxins
C)Allergens
D)Blood antigens
E)All of the above

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic of cholesterol?

A)White, waxy substance
B)Component of all cell membranes
C)Used in the production of hormones
D)Used in the production of bile
E)All of the above

Question 36

The function of LDL is to

A)carry cholesterol to the cells.
B)transport fat-soluble vitamins in the blood.
C)remove cholesterol from the cells.
D)protect against coronary artery disease.

Question 37

Which of the following is a screening test for syphilis?

A)STD
B)VDRL
C)RRP
D)ASO

Question 38

The BUN test is used to

A)detect kidney disease.
B)assess liver functioning.
C)detect anemia.
D)assess thyroid functioning.

Question 39

All of the following are handling and storage requirements for blood glucose reagent test strips except

A)remove the desiccant after opening a new test strip container.
B)store in a cool, dry area.
C)store at room temperature.
D)store with the cap tightly closed.

Question 40

The buildup of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries is known as

A)congestive heart failure.
B)atherosclerosis.
C)pericarditis.
D)thrombophlebitis.

Question 41

What blood antigens are present if an individual has type O-positive blood?

A)A, B, Rh
B)A and B
C)Rh
D)None

Question 42

All of the following are symptoms of infectious mononucleosis except

A)severe fatigue.
B)anemia.
C)fever.
D)sore throat.
E)swollen lymph nodes.

Question 43

What blood antibodies are present if an individual has type B-negative blood?

A)B
B)A
C)A, Rh
D)Rh

Question 44

Where are the blood antibodies located?

A)In the plasma
B)On the surface of white blood cells
C)In the cytoplasm of red blood cells
D)In the lymph system

Question 45

Why is agglutination of blood a threat to life?

A)It leads to hemorrhaging.
B)It can lead to severe anemia.
C)The clumped red blood cells hemolyze.
D)It causes circulatory collapse to occur.

Question 46

What blood antibodies are present if an individual has type AB-negative blood?

A)A, B
B)None
C)A, B, Rh
D)Rh

Question 47

In vivo means in

A)glass.
B)the living body.
C)test tubes.
D)the uterus.

Question 48

What is the name of the microorganism that causes infectious mononucleosis?

A)Epstein-Barr
B)Varicella
C)Treponema pallidum
D)HIV

Question 49

Infectious mononucleosis is transmitted through

A)coughing and sneezing.
B)contaminated food.
C)sexual intercourse.
D)saliva by direct oral contact.
E)all of the above.

Question 50

Where are the blood antigens (A,B,Rh)located?

A)In the serum
B)On the surface of white blood cells
C)On the surface of red blood cells
D)In the hemoglobin molecule