Deck 43: Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Figure 43.1

Which of the following are the most likely to have teeth adapted for grinding and/or tearing?

A)suspension feeders
B)mass feeders
C)deposit feeders
D)fluid feeders

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Refer to the following nutrition label for the corresponding question(s).Apple juice has the following nutrition label:
Contains 100% Juice

How many food calories does the jug of apple juice contain?

A)120
B)240
C)480
D)960

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A major enzyme involved in protein digestion is _____.

A)pancreatic lipase
B)amylase
C)pepsin
D)lingual lipase

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 43.1

Three groups of cyclists consumed three different types of diets:
High-carbohydrate,a diet mixed in carbohydrates,fat,and protein,or a diet higher in protein and fat.The average time each group could spend cycling over a 6-hour period is shown in the above graph.
How could an athlete or trainer use the data to improve performance?

A)Endurance is entirely related to diet.
B)Maintaining elevated blood sugar improves performance.
C)An early and dramatic drop in blood glucose is associated with improved endurance.
D)Diet is not at all related to endurance.

Question 5

Jahasz-Pocsine and co-workers found a correlation between gastric bypass surgery and neurological complications.150 patients at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Neurology Clinic had gastric bypass surgery and 26 of these patients experienced neurological complications related to the surgery.What might be a cause for the neurological complications?

A)sudden weight loss and caloric deficiency interfering with neurological function
B)nutrient (e.g. ,vitamin and mineral)deficiencies
C)sloppy surgical technique of physicians performing the bypass surgery
D)infections following surgical intervention

Question 6

What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of proteins in the diet?

A)They are most commonly used to meet energy demands of cells.
B)Proteins serve a variety of functions,and the body does not store excess quantities of protein.
C)They are used as cofactors for metabolic reactions and are required in minute quantities.
D)Proteins are necessary to produce urea and other important metabolites.

Question 7

Refer to the following nutrition label for the corresponding question(s).Apple juice has the following nutrition label:
Contains 100% Juice

If the person consumes 2500 calories daily to maintain body weight,what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

A)20%
B)less than 20%
C)more than 20%

Question 8

The chemical digestion of proteins begins where?

A)in the mouth
B)in the stomach
C)in the small intestine
D)in the bloodstream

Question 9

The function of mechanical digestion is to break down large chunks of food into smaller pieces.Why is this important?

A)Smaller pieces of food do not taste as good as larger pieces of food.
B)Smaller pieces of food have more surface area for chemical digestion than do larger pieces of food.
C)Smaller pieces of food are easier to excrete than are larger pieces of food.
D)Smaller pieces of food are more easily stored in the stomach than are larger pieces of food.

Question 10

When a patient has his gallbladder removed,which of the following food types would a doctor recommend this patient consume in lower quantities?

A)protein
B)carbohydrates
C)fat
D)fat and carbohydrates

Question 11

If you place a small piece of a salted cracker on your tongue,what would you expect to happen?

A)The salty flavor would increase the amount of saliva in the mouth.
B)Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose.
C)The salty flavor will increase the salivary amylase in the mouth.
D)The salty flavor becomes less noticeable because of the glucose in the cracker.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

A)monosaccharides
B)disaccharides and trisaccharides
C)lipids
D)amino acids

Question 13

Food labels provide nutrient information,and express the amount of a given nutrient as _____.

A)a percentage of the Recommended Dietary Allowances
B)International Units
C)percent composition of the food product
D)calories

Question 14

Figure 43.2

If you found a skull in the woods and the teeth were fang-like,what type of food would you expect this animal to eat?

A)grass
B)flesh of another animal
C)nectar
D)blood

Question 15

Figure 43.1

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

A)Mouthparts of animals are specialized to obtain desired food items efficiently.
B)Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach.
C)Mouthparts provide clues about the rate of nutrient absorption.
D)Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested.

Question 16

Food and its products of degradation move through the alimentary canal by means of peristalsis.What is peristalsis?

A)movements of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are under voluntary control
B)rhythmic waves of contraction of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are responsible for moving contents of the lumen along the length of the digestive tract
C)movement of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the autorhythmic smooth muscle cells
D)rhythmic lengthening and shortening of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the alimentary canal

Question 17

Refer to the following nutrition label for the corresponding question(s).Apple juice has the following nutrition label:
Contains 100% Juice

From the nutrition information contained on the label above,you can infer that apple juice would be useful in the treatment of which of the following vitamin deficiencies?

A)beriberi
B)scurvy
C)anemia
D)rickets

Question 18

Figure 43.2

The electron micrograms in Figure 43.2 are images of mouthparts of different animals.Which of the mouthparts are specialized for crushing and grinding?

Question 19

What is the importance of the mucins that are released by salivary glands?

A)They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides.
B)They are beginning the process of starch digestion.
C)They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth.
D)They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.

Question 20

Figure 43.2

The process of obtaining food is known as _____ and requires specialized mouthparts.

A)ingestion
B)digestion
C)absorption
D)excretion

Question 21

You are most likely to observe coprophagy in which of the following animals?

A)carnivores
B)herbivores
C)fluid feeders
D)suspension feeders

Question 22

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat.Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

A)salivary amylase
B)pepsidase
C)pancreatic lipase
D)secretin

Question 23

Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine.What is the function of these aquaporins?

A)to secrete water into the large intestine
B)to reabsorb water from the large intestine
C)to regulate solute transport from the feces to the body
D)to release hormones involved in regulating digestive processes of the large intestine

Question 24

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances.How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach?

A)They secrete buffer to neutralize acid.
B)They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium.
C)They take over the parietal cells.
D)They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach.

Question 25

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

A)These proteolytic enzymes,in active form,would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
B)They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
C)The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D)Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.

Question 26

If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family,how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?

A)monitor your blood glucose levels daily
B)take oral insulin daily
C)maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes diet and exercise
D)eat complex carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets

Question 27

Bile,which is synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder,is important in lipid digestion.What feature/function of bile makes it an effective emulsifying agent?

A)Bile is an amphipathic molecule,having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
B)Bile adds hydroxyl groups to the hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids,making them more soluble in water.
C)Bile stimulates the transport processes involved in movement of triglycerides into intestinal epithelial cells.
D)Its enzymatic activity removes fatty acids from triglycerides,making them more soluble in water.

Question 28

Glucose is transported from the intestinal lumen into epithelial cells through _____ and from the intestinal epithelium into circulation by _____.

A)facilitated diffusion;primary active transport
B)cotransport with sodium;cotransport with sodium
C)cotransport with sodium;facilitated diffusion
D)active transport;active transport

Question 29

Figure 43.3

The Pimas are a group of people living in the southwestern U.S.and Mexico.Although Pima Indians living in the U.S.and Mexico have a similar genetic background,a five-fold increase in the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus among U.S.Pima has been reported.The body mass index of Mexicans of non-Pima descent,Mexicans of Pima descent,and Pimas living in the U.S.is shown in Figure 43.3.Based on this graph,what can you infer about the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus?

A)Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus.
B)If you maintain a normal body weight (BMI <25),you will not get type II diabetes mellitus.
C)The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past 10 years.
D)People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.

Question 30

Food being digested in the stomach is in a highly acidic environment.When the food is released from the stomach into the small intestine,why is the environment no longer acidic?

A)Secretin increases the flow of bicarbonate ions from the pancreas into the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid.
B)Enterokinase activates trypsinogen,thus neutralizing the stomach acid.
C)Bile salts from the gallbladder neutralize the stomach acid.
D)When pepsinogen activates pepsin,one result is the neutralization of stomach acid in the stomach.

Question 31

The pancreas is involved in the digestion of which of the following?

A)protein,fat,and carbohydrates
B)protein and fat
C)fat
D)fat and nuclease

Question 32

After a large meal the production of _____ will increase.After fasting the production of _____ will increase.

A)trypsin;trypsinogen
B)glucagon;glucose
C)glucagon;pepsinogen
D)insulin;glucagon

Question 33

A major risk factor for atherosclerosis is high levels of dietary cholesterol.If you get your lipid levels checked regularly,which of the following,when elevated,most significantly increases your risk for developing atherosclerosis?

A)HDL cholesterol
B)LDL cholesterol
C)liver LDL receptors
D)cholecystokinin

Question 34

What is the purpose of the villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

A)The villi and microvilli neutralize stomach acid.
B)The villi and microvilli activate trypsinogen.
C)The villi and microvilli increase the surface area to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption.
D)The villi and microvilli emulsify lipid molecules.

Question 35

Over-the-counter medications for acid reflux or heartburn block the production of stomach acid.Which of the following cells are directly affected by this medication?

A)goblet cells
B)chief cells
C)parietal cells
D)smooth muscle cells

Question 36

Amino acids,dipeptides,and sugars are transported from intestinal epithelial cells into circulation.Lipids are transported from the intestinal epithelium into _____.

A)smooth muscles that make up the core of the villi of the intestinal epithelium
B)the lymph system
C)the liver
D)the gallbladder

Question 37

One of the symptoms of cystic fibrosis is the increased production of mucus.Which of the following cell types is likely to show an increase in numbers in a patient with cystic fibrosis?

A)chief cells
B)epithelial cells
C)parietal cells
D)goblet cells